--- title: "LinGO Redwoods: A Rich and Dynamic Treebank for HPSG — Oepen 2004" description: "Not read: this card is written from what is reliably known about the paper, and every idea is marked to check against the text. Cited by 61 papers here." authors: ["Stephan Oepen", "Dan Flickinger", "Kristina Toutanova", "Christopher D. Manning"] year: 2004 venue: "Research on Language and Computation 2(4):575–596" source: "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11168-004-7430-4" doi: "10.1007/s11168-004-7430-4" licence: "Springer (Research on Language and Computation), no open copy — card only" summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License" canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/oepen-2004-lingo-redwoods-rich-dynamic-treebank/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/oepen-2004-lingo-redwoods-rich-dynamic-treebank/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/) / [2004](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2004/) / LinGO Redwoods: A Rich and Dynamic Treebank for HPSG # LinGO Redwoods: A Rich and Dynamic Treebank for HPSG **Authors:** [Stephan Oepen](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/stephan-oepen/), [Dan Flickinger](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dan-flickinger/), [Kristina Toutanova](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kristina-toutanova/) and [Christopher D. Manning](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/christopher-d-manning/) · **Year:** 2004 · **Venue:** Research on Language and Computation 2(4), 575–596 **Link:** [doi.org/10.1007/s11168-004-7430-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11168-004-7430-4) · **Licence:** copyrighted (Springer), no open copy — card only, summary only · **Status:** not read [**139** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1963684808) OpenAlex, 2026-10-14 · [**61** citations in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/oepen-2004-lingo-redwoods-rich-dynamic-treebank/cited-by/) of the 140,884 papers whose bibliographies we read · [Research on Language and Computation 2(4):575–596](https://openalex.org/S157219738) - [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11168-004-7430-4) - [DOI 10.1007/s11168-004-7430-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11168-004-7430-4) - [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W1963684808) **Authors (4)** 1. [Stephan Oepen](https://openalex.org/A5058412010) [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/2949607) · h 35 · 3,542 citations · 215 works 2. [Dan Flickinger](https://openalex.org/A5089106912) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7959-999X) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/3209288) · h 31 · 5,030 citations · 90 works 3. [Kristina Toutanova](https://openalex.org/A5053947885) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3458-9049) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/3259253) · h 44 · 46,381 citations · 150 works 4. [Christopher D. Manning](https://openalex.org/A5046006076) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-649X) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/144783904) · h 139 · 180,101 citations · 770 works Citations and author metrics: OpenAlex, 2026-10-14; authors with the same name are not always told apart. ## What it is about Not read: this card is written from what is reliably known about the paper, and every idea is marked to check against the text. It is the journal account of the Redwoods treebank, whose 2002 project note has its own card ([bank-2002-oepen-lingo-redwoods-treebank-motivation-preliminary.md](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/oepen-2002-lingo-redwoods-treebank-motivation-preliminary/)). Instead of drawing trees by hand, annotators pick the correct analysis among all the parses of the English Resource Grammar (ERG) by answering binary discriminants: small properties that split the parse forest. The recorded decisions make the treebank dynamic: when the grammar changes, the sentences are reparsed and the old decisions are replayed, so only the sentences where they no longer decide need human attention. One stored analysis yields several views: the full derivation, a phrase-structure tree, the semantics (MRS) and dependencies. The paper also reports parse-selection experiments with statistical models trained on the treebank. ## Ideas - I2. Several views from one store: export the same analysis as UD, as frames and as the world's facts, and test that each view is a function of the stored analysis (two runs, byte-identical). (to check: which views the paper lists) ## For Mova - I1. A dynamic silver store for `annot`: keep the teacher's decisions as discriminants (attachment of this phrase, label of this edge) rather than whole trees, replay them after every `en` change, and count how many still decide uniquely. The count is a regression measure for the parser. (to check: how the paper reports the share of decisions that survive an update) - I3. Parse selection with features of the derivation, not only of the surface: rank `en`'s beam alternatives with features from the frames reader, and measure exact-match accuracy by ambiguity bucket. (to check: the features and numbers reported) The code is `annot` (silver data and gates), `en/src/parse.rs` (beam), `tools/treeagree` and `treebanks`. The chapter is [languages/en/20-syntax-overview.md](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/en/20-syntax-overview/). The ERG and Redwoods have their own licences; check them in [licence/DATA.md](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/licence/DATA/) before any use beyond tests. ## Institutions [🎓**Stanford University** Stanford · United States 248 works · 214,804 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/stanford-university/) Topics[Treebanks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/treebanks/) · [Syntax & grammar formalisms](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/syntax-grammar/) ## Cite Cite as Stephan Oepen, Dan Flickinger, Kristina Toutanova and Christopher D. Manning. 2004. LinGO Redwoods: A Rich and Dynamic Treebank for HPSG. Research on Language and Computation 2(4):575–596. The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.1007/s11168-004-7430-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11168-004-7430-4) ```bibtex @inproceedings{oepen2004lingo, title = {{LinGO Redwoods: A Rich and Dynamic Treebank for HPSG}}, author = {Stephan Oepen, Dan Flickinger, Kristina Toutanova and Christopher D. Manning}, booktitle = {Research on Language and Computation 2(4):575–596}, year = {2004}, doi = {10.1007/s11168-004-7430-4}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11168-004-7430-4} } ``` - [← previous The Importance of Supertagging for Wide-Coverage CCG Parsing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/clark-2004-importance-supertagging-wide-coverage-ccg/) - [next → Statistical Machine Translation with Scarce Resources Using Morpho-syntactic Information](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/niessen-2004-statistical-machine-translation-scarce-resources/) - [↑ back to papers of 2004](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2004/)