---
title: "Some Notes on Lexicographic Criticism and Biblical Hebrew Studies. Revisiting David J. — Ortiz 2024"
description: "She proposes instead a \"lexicographic criticism\" that reads each dictionary in its own time and language setting."
authors: ["Clara Carbonell Ortiz"]
year: 2024
venue: "Sefarad"
source: "https://doi.org/10.3989/sefarad.024.1234"
doi: "10.3989/sefarad.024.1234"
licence: "CC BY (per OpenAlex/publisher; Sefarad)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ortiz-2024-some-notes-lexicographic-criticism-biblical/"
---
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# Some Notes on Lexicographic Criticism and Biblical Hebrew Studies. Revisiting David J. A. Clines's Method

**Authors:** Clara Carbonell Ortiz · **Year:** 2024 · **Venue:** Sefarad 84(2), e1234 **Link:** [doi.org/10.3989/sefarad.024.1234](https://doi.org/10.3989/sefarad.024.1234) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

[**0** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4409945126) OpenAlex, 2026-10-14 · [Sefarad](https://openalex.org/S4505127) · [licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

- [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.3989/sefarad.024.1234)
- [PDF](https://sefarad.revistas.csic.es/index.php/sefarad/article/download/1234/1429)
- [DOI 10.3989/sefarad.024.1234](https://doi.org/10.3989/sefarad.024.1234)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4409945126)

**Authors (1)**

1. [Clara Carbonell Ortiz](https://openalex.org/A5074441897) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-846X) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/2506479701) · h 1 · 1 citations · 13 works

Citations and author metrics: OpenAlex, 2026-10-14; authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

The full text is not in the library; this card rests on the abstract (from OpenAlex), and the ideas are provisional. The author reviews a series of papers in which D. J. A. Clines proposed "comparative (classical) Hebrew lexicography", the comparison of how dictionaries treat a word, and argues that his method suffers from chronological and linguistic biases that leave its findings inconclusive. She proposes instead a "lexicographic criticism" that reads each dictionary in its own time and language setting. Two case studies: the place of Aramaic in medieval dictionaries of Biblical Hebrew, and where the reading of חֵיל as "outer wall" (rampart) comes from.

## Ideas

- I1. Every sense in the Torah dictionary should carry its source and date (BDB 1906, OSHB gloss, our own reading), so a sense inherited from an older dictionary can be traced and questioned rather than taken as fact; this is lexicographic criticism done in data.
- I2. When two sources disagree on a gloss, keep both with their sources instead of merging them, and count how often BDB's gloss and OSHB's differ over the Torah lemmas.

## For Mova

Both ideas go to the dictionary builder (the Torah dictionary's columns) and to [languages/hbo/10-lexicon.md](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/10-lexicon/), where the dictionary's method is described. Neither needs the full text, but the case of חֵיל is outside the Torah.

## Institutions

Also on the byline: [Universidad Complutense de Madrid](https://ror.org/02p0gd045).

Topics[Hebrew & Aramaic](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/hebrew-aramaic/) · [Semitic languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semitic-languages/)

## Cite

Cite as Clara Carbonell Ortiz. 2024. Some Notes on Lexicographic Criticism and Biblical Hebrew Studies. Revisiting David J. A. Clines's Method. Sefarad.

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.3989/sefarad.024.1234](https://doi.org/10.3989/sefarad.024.1234)

```bibtex
@inproceedings{ortiz2024some,
  title = {{Some Notes on Lexicographic Criticism and Biblical Hebrew Studies. Revisiting David J. A. Clines's Method}},
  author = {Clara Carbonell Ortiz},
  booktitle = {Sefarad},
  year = {2024},
  doi = {10.3989/sefarad.024.1234},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3989/sefarad.024.1234}
}
```

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