---
title: "Linked Open Data for West Nilotic Languages: The NILOMORPH"
description: "The authors propose a two-step integration plan. 36 references. Among them: 0."
authors: ["Matteo Pellegrini", "Matthew Baerman", "Oliver Bond"]
year: 2026
venue: "Proceedings of 10th Workshop on Linked Data in Linguistics (LDL-2026)"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/2026.ldl-1.9/"
doi: "10.63317/3idbck5bhajt"
licence: "CC BY-NC 4.0 (ELRA, LREC proceedings)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pellegrini-2026-linked-open-data-west-nilotic/"
---
[Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pellegrini-2026-linked-open-data-west-nilotic/)

[home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/) / [2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2026/page/35/) / Linked Open Data for West Nilotic Languages: The NILOMORPH Project

# Linked Open Data for West Nilotic Languages: The NILOMORPH Project

**Authors:** [Matteo Pellegrini](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/matteo-pellegrini/), Matthew Baerman and Oliver Bond · **Year:** 2026 · **Venue:** [Proceedings of 10th Workshop on Linked Data in Linguistics (LDL-2026)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/ldl/) ([Workshop on Linked Data in Linguistics 2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/ldl/2026/)) · **Publisher:** [European Language Resources Association (ELRA)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/publishers/european-language-resources-association-elra/) · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC 4.0 (ELRA, LREC proceedings)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2026.ldl-1.9/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2026.ldl-1.9.pdf) · [DOI 10.63317/3idbck5bhajt](https://doi.org/10.63317/3idbck5bhajt) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W7166546712)

**Citations:** 0 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14)

## Summary
Several West Nilotic languages, such as Nuer, encode multiple grammatical distinctions at once by changing phonological properties of the stem vowel, including tone, length, phonation and height. The NILOMORPH project studies this rare non-concatenative morphology and aims to reconstruct how it developed from the simpler affix-based systems still found in related varieties. The project combines fieldwork, acoustic and experimental work, simulations, typology and historical-comparative reconstruction. As a result, its data are very heterogeneous: dictionaries, paradigmatic lexicons, raw and glossed texts, ELAN and Praat annotations, and experimental recordings, spanning several languages and modalities.

The authors propose a two-step integration plan. First, legacy materials are converted into community standards: CLDF for dictionaries, texts and glosses, and Paralex for paradigm lexicons. This makes resources of the same type interoperable. Second, everything is modelled as Linguistic Linked Open Data in RDF. Existing vocabularies are reused, and new classes and properties are added where needed, so that resources of different types can be queried together, for example with SPARQL. The work brings previously unrepresented under-resourced languages into the LLOD ecosystem. It also addresses modelling issues that matter here: multilinguality, multimodality and cognacy links across languages.

## Key points
- The languages newly targeted for LLOD coverage are Nuer, Dinka, Shilluk and Thok Reel.
- The source data include:
  - Kiggen's 1948 Nuer-English dictionary, OCR-processed into a spreadsheet that lists principal parts.
  - The Nuer Lexicon (Bond et al., 2020), with IPA forms and audio.
  - Shilluk narratives (2014–2024).
  - A Bor South Dinka voice-quality and tone dataset with .wav and .textgrid files.
- CLDF, which builds on CSVW, handles dictionaries, texts and corpora. Paralex, which uses frictionless data packages, handles paradigm lexicons. Paralex can also link sound segments to CLTS and PHOIBLE.
- A central goal is a multi-variety paradigmatic database with cross-language cognate identification to support reconstructing Proto-West Nilotic morphology.
- The data will be released in open formats targeting Berners-Lee's five-star open data level. Material under copyright will still go through standardisation and RDF conversion, though it will be kept out of the open release.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

## Institutions

- [University of Surrey](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-surrey/) — University, Guildford, United Kingdom · 21 works · 677 citations

📚 Shelves (4): [🖥️ Computer Science](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/) · 16,667 works · [🤖 Artificial Intelligence](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/) · 16,194 works · [🎭 Arts and Humanities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/) · 16,039 works · [🗣️ Language and Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/language-and-linguistics/) · 15,891 works

## Cite

Cite as: Matteo Pellegrini, Matthew Baerman and Oliver Bond. 2026. Linked Open Data for West Nilotic Languages: The NILOMORPH Project. Proceedings of 10th Workshop on Linked Data in Linguistics (LDL-2026).

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{pellegrini2026linked,
  title = {{Linked Open Data for West Nilotic Languages: The NILOMORPH Project}},
  author = {Matteo Pellegrini, Matthew Baerman and Oliver Bond},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of 10th Workshop on Linked Data in Linguistics (LDL-2026)},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.63317/3idbck5bhajt},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.63317/3idbck5bhajt}
}
```

- [← previous Link Prediction over N-ary Knowledge Graphs: A Survey](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wei-2026-link-prediction-over/)
- [next → Linking Hadith Narrator Identities Across Heterogeneous Arabic Biographical Databases: A Multi-Signal Entity Resolution Pipeline](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wirahman-2026-linking-hadith-narrator-identities-across/)
- [↑ back to papers of 2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2026/page/35/)

## References

36 references, 2 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

1. Cormac Anderson, Tiago Tresoldi, Thiago Chacon, Anne-Maria Fehn, Mary Walworth, Robert Forkel, and Johann-Mattis List. 2018. A cross-linguistic database of phonetic transcription systems. Yearbook of the Poznan Linguistic Meeting, 4(1):21–53. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Cormac+Anderson%2C+Tiago+Tresoldi%2C+Thiago+Chacon%2C+Anne%2DMaria+Fehn%2C+Mary+Walworth%2C+Robert+Forkel%2C+and+Johann%2DMattis+List%2E+2018%2E+A+cross%2Dlinguistic+database+of+phonetic+transcription+systems%2E+Yearbook+of+)
2. Matthew Baerman and Irina Monich. 2021. Paradigmatic saturation in Nuer. Language, 97(3):e257–e275. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Matthew+Baerman+and+Irina+Monich%2E+2021%2E+Paradigmatic+saturation+in+Nuer%2E+Language%2C+97%283%29%3Ae257%E2%80%93e275%2E)
3. Christian Chiarcos, Katerina Gkirtzou, Fahad Khan, Penny Labropoulou, Marco Passarotti, and Matteo Pellegrini. 2022c. Computational Morphology with OntoLex-Morph. In Thierry Declerck, John P. McCrae, Elena Montiel, Christian Chiarcos, and Maxim Ionov, editors, Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Link… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Christian+Chiarcos%2C+Katerina+Gkirtzou%2C+Fahad+Khan%2C+Penny+Labropoulou%2C+Marco+Passarotti%2C+and+Matteo+Pellegrini%2E+2022c%2E+Computational+Morphology+with+OntoLex%2DMorph%2E+In+Thierry+Declerck%2C+John+P%2E+McCrae%2C+)
4. Sacha Beniamine. 2018. Classifications flexionnelles. Étude quantitative des structures de paradigmes. PhD Thesis, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité-Université Paris Diderot (Paris 7). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Sacha+Beniamine%2E+2018%2E+Classifications+flexionnelles%2E+%C3%89tude+quantitative+des+structures+de+paradigmes%2E+PhD+Thesis%2C+Universit%C3%A9+Sorbonne+Paris+Cit%C3%A9%2DUniversit%C3%A9+Paris+Diderot+%28Paris+7%29%2E)
5. Christian Chiarcos. 2012. POWLA: Modeling linguistic corpora in OWL/DL. In Elena Simperl, Philipp Cimiano, Axel Polleres, Oscar Corcho, and Valentina Presutti, editors, The Semantic Web: Research and Applications. 9th Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2012, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 27-31,… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Christian+Chiarcos%2E+2012%2E+POWLA%3A+Modeling+linguistic+corpora+in+OWL%2FDL%2E+In+Elena+Simperl%2C+Philipp+Cimiano%2C+Axel+Polleres%2C+Oscar+Corcho%2C+and+Valentina+Presutti%2C+editors%2C+The+Semantic+Web%3A+Research+and+)
6. Christian Chiarcos and Maxim Ionov. 2019. Ligt: An LLOD-native vocabulary for representing interlinear glossed text as RDF. In Maria Eskevich, Gerard de Melo, Christian Fäth, John P. McCrae, Paul Buitelaar, Christian Chiarcos, Bettina Klimek, and Milan Dojchinovski, editors, 2nd Conference on Langua… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Christian+Chiarcos+and+Maxim+Ionov%2E+2019%2E+Ligt%3A+An+LLOD%2Dnative+vocabulary+for+representing+interlinear+glossed+text+as+RDF%2E+In+Maria+Eskevich%2C+Gerard+de+Melo%2C+Christian+F%C3%A4th%2C+John+P%2E+McCrae%2C+Paul+Buit)
7. LDK 2019, May 20–23, 2019, Leipzig, Germany, page 3:1-3:15. Dagstuhl, Wadern. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=LDK+2019%2C+May+20%E2%80%9323%2C+2019%2C+Leipzig%2C+Germany%2C+page+3%3A1%2D3%3A15%2E+Dagstuhl%2C+Wadern%2E)
8. Christian Chiarcos, Elena-Simona Apostol, Besim Kabashi, and Ciprian-Octavian Truică. 2022a. Modelling Frequency, Attestation, and Corpus-Based Information with OntoLex-FrAC. In Nicoletta Calzolari, Chu-Ren Huang, Hansaem Kim, James Pustejovsky, Leo Wanner, Key-Sun Choi, Pum-Mo Ryu, Hsin-Hsi Chen, L… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Christian+Chiarcos%2C+Elena%2DSimona+Apostol%2C+Besim+Kabashi%2C+and+Ciprian%2DOctavian+Truic%C4%83%2E+2022a%2E+Modelling+Frequency%2C+Attestation%2C+and+Corpus%2DBased+Information+with+OntoLex%2DFrAC%2E+In+Nicoletta+Calzolari%2C+C)
9. Christian Chiarcos and Maria Sukhareva. 2015. OLiA – Ontologies of Linguistic Annotation. Semantic Web, 6(4):379–386. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Christian+Chiarcos+and+Maria+Sukhareva%2E+2015%2E+OLiA+%E2%80%93+Ontologies+of+Linguistic+Annotation%2E+Semantic+Web%2C+6%284%29%3A379%E2%80%93386%2E)
10. Philipp Cimiano, Paul Buitelaar, John McCrae, and Michael Sintek. 2011. LexInfo: A declarative model for the lexicon-ontology interface. Journal of Web Semantics, 9(1):29– 51. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Philipp+Cimiano%2C+Paul+Buitelaar%2C+John+McCrae%2C+and+Michael+Sintek%2E+2011%2E+LexInfo%3A+A+declarative+model+for+the+lexicon%2Dontology+interface%2E+Journal+of+Web+Semantics%2C+9%281%29%3A29%E2%80%93+51%2E)
11. Philipp Cimiano, Christian Chiarcos, John P. McCrae, and Jorge Gracia. 2020. Linguistic linked data. Springer, Dordrecht. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Philipp+Cimiano%2C+Christian+Chiarcos%2C+John+P%2E+McCrae%2C+and+Jorge+Gracia%2E+2020%2E+Linguistic+linked+data%2E+Springer%2C+Dordrecht%2E)
12. Christian Chiarcos, Christian Fäth, and Frank Abromeit. 2020. Annotation Interoperability for the Post-ISOCat Era. In Nicoletta Calzolari, Frédéric Béchet, Philippe Blache, Khalid Choukri, Christopher Cieri, Thierry Declerck, 11 [https://github.com/LodLive/LodView](https://github.com/LodLive/LodView). [↗](https://github.com/LodLive/LodView)
13. Scott Farrar and D. Terence Langendoen. 2003. A Linguistic Ontology for the Semantic Web. GLOT international, 7(3):97–100. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Scott+Farrar+and+D%2E+Terence+Langendoen%2E+2003%2E+A+Linguistic+Ontology+for+the+Semantic+Web%2E+GLOT+international%2C+7%283%29%3A97%E2%80%93100%2E)
14. Fahad Khan. 2018. Towards the Representation of Etymological Data on the Semantic Web. Information, 9(12):304. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Fahad+Khan%2E+2018%2E+Towards+the+Representation+of+Etymological+Data+on+the+Semantic+Web%2E+Information%2C+9%2812%29%3A304%2E)
15. Robert Forkel, Johann-Mattis List, Simon J. Greenhill, Christoph Rzymski, Sebastian Bank, Michael Cysouw, Harald Hammarström, Martin Haspelmath, Gereon A. Kaiping, and Russell D. Gray. 2018. Cross-Linguistic Data Formats, advancing data sharing and re-use in comparative linguistics. Scientific data,… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Robert+Forkel%2C+Johann%2DMattis+List%2C+Simon+J%2E+Greenhill%2C+Christoph+Rzymski%2C+Sebastian+Bank%2C+Michael+Cysouw%2C+Harald+Hammarstr%C3%B6m%2C+Martin+Haspelmath%2C+Gereon+A%2E+Kaiping%2C+and+Russell+D%2E+Gray%2E+2018%2E+Cross%2DLin)
16. Jan Kiggen. 1948. Nuer-English Dictionary. Missiehuis, Steyl bij Tegelen. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Jan+Kiggen%2E+1948%2E+Nuer%2DEnglish+Dictionary%2E+Missiehuis%2C+Steyl+bij+Tegelen%2E)
17. Christo Kirov, Ryan Cotterell, John Sylak-Glassman, Géraldine Walther, Ekaterina Vylomova, Patrick Xia, Manaal Faruqui, Sabrina J. Mielke, Arya McCarthy, Sandra Kübler, David Yarowsky, Jason Eisner, and Mans Hulden. 2018. [UniMorph 2.0: Universal Morphology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kirov-2018-unimorph-2-0-universal-morphology/). In Nicoletta Calzolari, Khalid Choukri, Ch…
18. Theodorus Fransen, Cormac Anderson, Sacha Beniamine, and Marco Passarotti. 2024. The MOLOR Lemma Bank: A New LLOD Resource for Old Irish. In Christian Chiarcos, Katerina Gkirtzou, Maxim Ionov, Fahad Khan, John P. McCrae, Elena Montiel Ponsoda, Patricia Martin Chozas, editors, Proceedings of the 9th… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Theodorus+Fransen%2C+Cormac+Anderson%2C+Sacha+Beniamine%2C+and+Marco+Passarotti%2E+2024%2E+The+MOLOR+Lemma+Bank%3A+A+New+LLOD+Resource+for+Old+Irish%2E+In+Christian+Chiarcos%2C+Katerina+Gkirtzou%2C+Maxim+Ionov%2C+Fahad+K)
19. Martin Haspelmath, Matthew Dryer, David Gil, and Bernard Comrie, editors. 2005. The World Atlas of Language Structures. Oxford University Press, Oxford. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Martin+Haspelmath%2C+Matthew+Dryer%2C+David+Gil%2C+and+Bernard+Comrie%2C+editors%2E+2005%2E+The+World+Atlas+of+Language+Structures%2E+Oxford+University+Press%2C+Oxford%2E)
20. Ora Lassila and Ralph R. Swick. 1999. Resource Description Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax Specification. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ora+Lassila+and+Ralph+R%2E+Swick%2E+1999%2E+Resource+Description+Framework+%28RDF%29+Model+and+Syntax+Specification%2E)
21. Sebastian Hellmann, Jens Lehmann, Sören Auer, and Martin Brümmer. 2013. Integrating NLP using linked data. In Harith Alani, Lalana Kagal, Achille Fokoue, Paul Groth, Chris Biemann, Josiane Xavier Parreira, Lola Aroyo, Natasha Noy, Chris Welty, and Krzysztof Janowicz, editors, The Semantic Web - ISWC… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Sebastian+Hellmann%2C+Jens+Lehmann%2C+S%C3%B6ren+Auer%2C+and+Martin+Br%C3%BCmmer%2E+2013%2E+Integrating+NLP+using+linked+data%2E+In+Harith+Alani%2C+Lalana+Kagal%2C+Achille+Fokoue%2C+Paul+Groth%2C+Chris+Biemann%2C+Josiane+Xavier+Parr)
22. Eleonora Litta, Marco Passarotti, Paolo Brasolin, Giovanni Moretti, Valerio Basile, Andrea Di Fabio, and Cristina Bosco. 2024. The Lemma Bank of the LiITA Knowledge Base of Interoperable Resources for Italian. In Felice Dell'Orletta, Alessandro Lenci, Simonetta Montemagni, and Rachele Sprugnoli, edi… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Eleonora+Litta%2C+Marco+Passarotti%2C+Paolo+Brasolin%2C+Giovanni+Moretti%2C+Valerio+Basile%2C+Andrea+Di+Fabio%2C+and+Cristina+Bosco%2E+2024%2E+The+Lemma+Bank+of+the+LiITA+Knowledge+Base+of+Interoperable+Resources+for)
23. Maxim Ionov. 2025. Ligt: Towards an Ecosystem for Managing Interlinear Glossed Texts with Linguistic Linked Data. In Mehwish Alam, Andon Tchechmedjiev, Jorge Gracia, Dagmar Gromann, Maria Pia di Buono, Johanna Monti, and Maxim Ionov, editors, Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Language, Data and K… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Maxim+Ionov%2E+2025%2E+Ligt%3A+Towards+an+Ecosystem+for+Managing+Interlinear+Glossed+Texts+with+Linguistic+Linked+Data%2E+In+Mehwish+Alam%2C+Andon+Tchechmedjiev%2C+Jorge+Gracia%2C+Dagmar+Gromann%2C+Maria+Pia+di+Buono)
24. Francesco Mambrini and Marco Passarotti. 2019. Linked Open Treebanks. Interlinking Syntactically Annotated Corpora in the LiLa Knowledge Base of Linguistic Resources for Latin. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Francesco+Mambrini+and+Marco+Passarotti%2E+2019%2E+Linked+Open+Treebanks%2E+Interlinking+Syntactically+Annotated+Corpora+in+the+LiLa+Knowledge+Base+of+Linguistic+Resources+for+Latin%2E)
25. John P. McCrae, Julia Bosque-Gil, Jorge Gracia, Paul Buitelaar, and Philipp Cimiano. 2017. The Ontolex-Lemon model: development and applications. In Iztok Kosem, Carole Tiberius, Miloš Jakubíček, Jelena Kallas, Simon Krek, and Vít Baisa Proceedings of eLex 2017 conference, pages 19–21. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=John+P%2E+McCrae%2C+Julia+Bosque%2DGil%2C+Jorge+Gracia%2C+Paul+Buitelaar%2C+and+Philipp+Cimiano%2E+2017%2E+The+Ontolex%2DLemon+model%3A+development+and+applications%2E+In+Iztok+Kosem%2C+Carole+Tiberius%2C+Milo%C5%A1+Jakub%C3%AD%C4%8Dek%2C+Jele)
26. Maxim Ionov and Michael Rosner. 2023. [Beyond Concatenative Morphology: Applying OntoLex-Morph to Maltese](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ionov-2023-beyond-concatenative-morphology-applying-ontolex/). In Sara Carvalho, Anas Fahd Khan, Ana Ostroški Anić, Blerina Spahiu, Jorge Gracia, John P. McCrae, Dagmar Gromann, Barbara Heinisch, and Ana Salgado, editors, Proceedings of the 4th Conference o…
27. Peter Menke, John Philip McCrae, and Philipp Cimiano. 2013. Releasing Multimodal Data as Linguistic Linked Open Data: An Experience Report. In Christian Chiarcos, Philipp Cimiano, Thierry Declerck, and John P. McCrae Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Linked Data in Linguistics (LDL-2013): Represent… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Peter+Menke%2C+John+Philip+McCrae%2C+and+Philipp+Cimiano%2E+2013%2E+Releasing+Multimodal+Data+as+Linguistic+Linked+Open+Data%3A+An+Experience+Report%2E+In+Christian+Chiarcos%2C+Philipp+Cimiano%2C+Thierry+Declerck%2C+an)
28. Marco Passarotti, Francesco Mambrini, Greta Franzini, Flavio Massimiliano Cecchini, Eleonora Litta, Giovanni Moretti, Paolo Ruffolo, and Rachele Sprugnoli. 2020. Interlinking through lemmas. The lexical collection of the LiLa Knowledge Base of linguistic resources for Latin. Studi e Saggi Linguistic… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Marco+Passarotti%2C+Francesco+Mambrini%2C+Greta+Franzini%2C+Flavio+Massimiliano+Cecchini%2C+Eleonora+Litta%2C+Giovanni+Moretti%2C+Paolo+Ruffolo%2C+and+Rachele+Sprugnoli%2E+2020%2E+Interlinking+through+lemmas%2E+The+lexic)
29. Matteo Pellegrini, Marco Passarotti, Francesco Mambrini, and Giovanni Moretti. 2025. PrinParLat: a Lexicon of Principal Parts of Latin Verbs Linked to the LiLa Knowledge Base. Language Resources and Evaluation:1–41. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Matteo+Pellegrini%2C+Marco+Passarotti%2C+Francesco+Mambrini%2C+and+Giovanni+Moretti%2E+2025%2E+PrinParLat%3A+a+Lexicon+of+Principal+Parts+of+Latin+Verbs+Linked+to+the+LiLa+Knowledge+Base%2E+Language+Resources+and+E)
30. Eric Prud’hommeaux and Andy Seaborne. 2008. SPARQL Query Language for RDF. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Eric+Prud%E2%80%99hommeaux+and+Andy+Seaborne%2E+2008%2E+SPARQL+Query+Language+for+RDF%2E)
31. Gregory T. Stump and Raphael A. Finkel. 2013. Morphological Typology: From Word to Paradigm. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Gregory+T%2E+Stump+and+Raphael+A%2E+Finkel%2E+2013%2E+Morphological+Typology%3A+From+Word+to+Paradigm%2E+Cambridge+University+Press%2C+Cambridge%2E)
32. Sabine Tittel. 2023. Ceci n’est pas un dictionnaire. Adding and Extending Lexicographical Data of Medieval Romance Languages to and through a Multilingual Lexico-Ontological Project. In Marek Medveď, Michal Měchura, Carole Tiberius, Iztok Kosem, Jelena Kallas, Miloš Jakubíček, and Simon Krek Electro… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Sabine+Tittel%2E+2023%2E+Ceci+n%E2%80%99est+pas+un+dictionnaire%2E+Adding+and+Extending+Lexicographical+Data+of+Medieval+Romance+Languages+to+and+through+a+Multilingual+Lexico%2DOntological+Project%2E+In+Marek+Medve%C4%8F%2C+)
33. Mark D. Wilkinson, Michel Dumontier, IJsbrand Jan Aalbersberg, Gabrielle Appleton, Myles Axton, Arie Baak, Niklas Blomberg, Jan-Willem Boiten, Luiz Bonino da Silva Santos, and Philip E. Bourne. 2016. The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Scientific data, 3(1):1–… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Mark+D%2E+Wilkinson%2C+Michel+Dumontier%2C+IJsbrand+Jan+Aalbersberg%2C+Gabrielle+Appleton%2C+Myles+Axton%2C+Arie+Baak%2C+Niklas+Blomberg%2C+Jan%2DWillem+Boiten%2C+Luiz+Bonino+da+Silva+Santos%2C+and+Philip+E%2E+Bourne%2E+2016%2E+)
34. Language Resource References Oliver Bond, Tatiana Reid, Irina Monich, and Matthew Baerman. 2020. Nuer Lexicon. www.nuerlexicon.com. Accessed 6 February 2026. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Language+Resource+References+Oliver+Bond%2C+Tatiana+Reid%2C+Irina+Monich%2C+and+Matthew+Baerman%2E+2020%2E+Nuer+Lexicon%2E+www%2Enuerlexicon%2Ecom%2E+Accessed+6+February+2026%2E)
35. Steven Moran and Daniel McCloy. 2019. PHOIBLE 2.0. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Steven+Moran+and+Daniel+McCloy%2E+2019%2E+PHOIBLE+2%2E0%2E)
36. Bert Remijsen, Mirella L. Blum, and Jon Pen de Ngong. 2022. A dataset on Voice Quality, Tone, and Vowel Quality in the Bor South dialect of Dinka. Bert Remijsen, Otto Gwado Ayoker, and Maria Bocay Onak. 2014-2024. Collection of Shilluk narratives and songs. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Bert+Remijsen%2C+Mirella+L%2E+Blum%2C+and+Jon+Pen+de+Ngong%2E+2022%2E+A+dataset+on+Voice+Quality%2C+Tone%2C+and+Vowel+Quality+in+the+Bor+South+dialect+of+Dinka%2E+Bert+Remijsen%2C+Otto+Gwado+Ayoker%2C+and+Maria+Bocay+Ona)

*Updated 1 November 2026*