---
title: "The Nature of NLP: Analyzing Contributions in NLP Papers (2025)"
description: "The authors argue that the answer can be found in how papers describe their own contributions. 77 references, cited by 5 papers here."
authors: ["Aniket Pramanick", "Yufang Hou", "Saif M. Mohammad", "Iryna Gurevych"]
year: 2025
venue: "Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.1224/"
doi: "10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.1224"
licence: "CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pramanick-2025-nature-nlp-analyzing-contributions-nlp/"
---
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# The Nature of NLP: Analyzing Contributions in NLP Papers

**Authors:** [Aniket Pramanick](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aniket-pramanick/), [Yufang Hou](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yufang-hou/), [Saif M. Mohammad](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/saif-mohammad/) and [Iryna Gurevych](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/iryna-gurevych/) · **Year:** 2025 · **Venue:** [Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/) ([ACL 2025](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/2025/)) · **Publisher:** [Association for Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/publishers/association-for-computational-linguistics/) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.1224/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.1224.pdf) · [DOI 10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.1224](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.1224) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4412889945)

**Citations:** 3 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14) · [5](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pramanick-2025-nature-nlp-analyzing-contributions-nlp/cited-by/) in our library, of the 149,439 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
What counts as NLP research is contested. The authors argue that the answer can be found in how papers describe their own contributions. They build a taxonomy that splits contributions into two groups. Artifacts are new methods, datasets or tasks. Knowledge covers new insights about methods, datasets, tasks, language or people. Using this scheme, they manually labeled contribution statements in the abstracts of 1,995 ACL Anthology papers drawn from S2ORC, creating the NLPContributions dataset. They also define a new task: finding contribution statements automatically and assigning them a type. A classifier trained on the labeled data was then applied to 28,937 papers from 1974–2024. Attention to language and humans was strong in the 1970s–80s, faded in the 1990s–2000s, and has been recovering since the late 2010s. Dataset and method contributions have grown steadily since the 1990s, and a typical paper now claims more kinds of contributions than before. The resource gives a data-driven way to track research trends and could support automatically generated literature surveys.

## Key points
- The taxonomy has 2 top-level types and 8 sub-types: a-method, a-dataset, a-task, k-method, k-dataset, k-task, k-language and k-people. It matches the ACL'23 call for papers, which distinguishes analysis work from new resources.
- NLPContributions contains 1,995 annotated abstracts sampled from S2ORC, with at least five papers per year from 1974 to February 2024.
- The trend analysis is based on model-predicted labels for 28,937 papers. Papers introducing artifacts, especially new datasets, tend to be cited more than other contribution types.
- Limitations include using only abstracts, covering only ACL venues (ACL, EMNLP, NAACL, EACL, TACL, CL), and relying on imperfect classifier labels.
- Code and data are openly released at github.com/UKPLab/acl25-nlp-contributions.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

## Institutions

- [Technische Universität Darmstadt](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/technische-universitat-darmstadt/) — University, Darmstadt, Germany · 109 works · 35,920 citations
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- [Hessian Center for Artificial Intelligence](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/hessian-center-for-artificial-intelligence/) — Research institute, Darmstadt, Germany · 12 works · 529 citations
- [IBM (Ireland)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/ibm-ireland/) — Company, Dublin, Ireland · 6 works · 274 citations
- [Interdisciplinary Transformation University Austria](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/interdisciplinary-transformation-university-austria/) — University, Linz, Austria · 5 works · 35 citations

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## Cite

Cite as: Aniket Pramanick, Yufang Hou, Saif M. Mohammad and Iryna Gurevych. 2025. The Nature of NLP: Analyzing Contributions in NLP Papers. Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers).

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{pramanick2025nature,
  title = {{The Nature of NLP: Analyzing Contributions in NLP Papers}},
  author = {Aniket Pramanick, Yufang Hou, Saif M. Mohammad and Iryna Gurevych},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.1224},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.1224}
}
```

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*Updated 31 October 2026*