---
title: "TestiMole-Conversational — paper by Rinaldi et al. (2026)"
description: "It offers natively Italian conversational text for LLM pre-training, including help-seeking exchanges and… 22 references, cited by 1 paper here."
authors: ["Matteo Rinaldi", "Rossella Varvara", "Viviana Patti"]
year: 2026
venue: "Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Challenges in the Management of Large Corpora"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/2026.cmlc-1.1/"
doi: "10.63317/5643evropidu"
licence: "CC BY-NC 4.0 (ELRA, LREC proceedings)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rinaldi-2026-testimole-conversational-30-billion-word/"
---
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# TestiMole-Conversational: A 30-Billion-Word Italian Discussion Board Corpus (1996–2024) for Language Modeling and Sociolinguistic Research

**Authors:** [Matteo Rinaldi](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/matteo-rinaldi/), Rossella Varvara and [Viviana Patti](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/viviana-patti/) · **Year:** 2026 · **Venue:** [Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Challenges in the Management of Large Corpora](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/cmlc/) ([Workshop on Challenges in the Management of Large Corpora 2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/cmlc/2026/)) · **Publisher:** [European Language Resources Association (ELRA)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/publishers/european-language-resources-association-elra/) · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC 4.0 (ELRA, LREC proceedings)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2026.cmlc-1.1/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2026.cmlc-1.1.pdf) · [DOI 10.63317/5643evropidu](https://doi.org/10.63317/5643evropidu) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W7166573497)

**Citations:** 0 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14) · [1](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rinaldi-2026-testimole-conversational-30-billion-word/cited-by/) in our library, of the 149,439 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary

Compared with English, Italian has very little web-scale text. This limits the development of native Italian LLMs. There has also been no large-scale study of the informal, dialogic language used on Italian discussion boards. Researchers at the University of Turin built TestiMole-Conversational to address both gaps. It is an archive of Italian online discussions collected from Usenet newsgroups and many independently run web forums, covering 1996 to 2024. The team scraped and cleaned the material, which raised challenges such as extracting text reliably and anonymizing users. Each post is stored as its own JSONL record with its exact writing time and its position in the thread. The resulting resource contains about 30 billion word tokens and is presented as the largest Italian collection of forum and Usenet text. The authors see three uses for it. It offers natively Italian conversational text for LLM pre-training, including help-seeking exchanges and moderation behaviour. It preserves forum content that is disappearing as sites go offline. Its timestamps also support diachronic and sociolinguistic research on Italian computer-mediated communication.

## Key points

- Size: roughly 30B word tokens, from about 470 million forum messages and 90 million Usenet messages, spanning 1996–2024.
- The dataset is released as JSONL files on Hugging Face (`mrinaldi/TestiMole`). Each row is one post, and thread order is kept in a `progressive_number` field.
- It is far larger than the previous biggest Italian Usenet resource, the NUNC corpora (127M tokens, University of Turin).
- The authors motivate the work with data scarcity: Italian makes up only about 2% of Common Crawl, against roughly 44% for English. The main earlier Italian social-media source is TWITA, which was used to train AlBERTo.
- Intended research uses include language modelling, domain adaptation, conversational analysis, and studies of diachronic lexical and orthographic change, such as SMS-style abbreviations and emoticon styles. Sociological uses include research on trolling and on communities like "Forum dei brutti".

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

## Institutions

- [University of Turin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-turin/) — University, Turin, Italy · 33 works · 6,637 citations

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## Cite

Cite as: Matteo Rinaldi, Rossella Varvara and Viviana Patti. 2026. TestiMole-Conversational: A 30-Billion-Word Italian Discussion Board Corpus (1996–2024) for Language Modeling and Sociolinguistic Research. Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Challenges in the Management of Large Corpora.

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{rinaldi2026testimole,
  title = {{TestiMole-Conversational: A 30-Billion-Word Italian Discussion Board Corpus (1996–2024) for Language Modeling and Sociolinguistic Research}},
  author = {Matteo Rinaldi, Rossella Varvara and Viviana Patti},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Challenges in the Management of Large Corpora},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.63317/5643evropidu},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.63317/5643evropidu}
}
```

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## References

22 references, 1 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

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*Updated 31 October 2026*