---
title: "Listening for Ideology — Ruth 2026"
description: "Computational film studies have concentrated on images (\"distant viewing\"), while the sound layer, especially what characters actually say, has received…"
authors: ["Nicolas Ruth", "Manuel Burghardt", "Andreas Niekler"]
year: 2026
venue: "Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/2026.lrec-1.461/"
doi: "10.63317/4fxfeqysxtnz"
licence: "CC BY-NC 4.0 (ELRA, LREC proceedings)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ruth-2026-listening-ideology-automatic-analysis-character/"
---
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# Listening for Ideology: Automatic Analysis of Character Speech in Historical Nazi Propaganda Films

**Authors:** Nicolas Ruth, Manuel Burghardt, Andreas Niekler · **Year:** 2026 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC 4.0 (ELRA, LREC proceedings)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2026.lrec-1.461/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2026.lrec-1.461.pdf) · [DOI 10.63317/4fxfeqysxtnz](https://doi.org/10.63317/4fxfeqysxtnz) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W7160168927)

**Citations:** 0 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14)

## Summary
Computational film studies have concentrated on images ("distant viewing"), while the sound layer, especially what characters actually say, has received little automated study. The authors build a four-stage audio pipeline to profile film characters from their speech. First, speaker diarization separates voices, comparing Pyannote and Nvidia NeMo. Second, a wav2vec2-based classifier assigns voice gender. Third, OpenAI Whisper transcribes the speech. Fourth, an LLM reads each character's collected lines and describes their personality, goals, motivations and interaction style. They tested the pipeline on three restricted ("Vorbehaltsfilme") Nazi propaganda films supplied by the Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau foundation. Diarization proved the weakest step because the historical soundtracks are noisy. Even so, the transcripts and GPT-generated profiles agreed with what film historians have already established about these works. A case study of female roles found three recurring character types, all organised around the NS ideal of the mother. The approach extends distant reading to film dialogue, complements visual methods, and could support large-scale research on ideology in historical cinema.

## Key points
- **Test corpus:** three NS films spanning different genres, namely the 1941 release "Kopf hoch, Johannes!", the 1940 production "Jud Süß", and the earliest of the set, "Hitlerjunge Quex", from 1933.
- **Diarization:** Pyannote speaker-diarization-3.1 was compared with NeMo. NeMo's end-to-end Sortformer model was considered limited because it handles at most four speakers.
- **Gender detection:** Audeering's wav2vec2-large-robust-24-ft-age-gender was used. Its reported accuracy is 0.90–0.98 for female voices and 0.91–1.00 for male voices, depending on the test set.
- **Transcription and profiling:**
  - ASR used Whisper large-v2 and medium with default settings, chosen for robustness to background noise.
  - Character analysis used gpt-3.5-turbo-0125, now deprecated.
  - The prompt contained five questions, including a request to name the film, and asked for answers as a Python dictionary.
- **Main finding:** the LLM profiles matched existing film scholarship despite imperfect transcripts. Female characters clustered into three types centred on the mother figure.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{ruth2026listening,
  title = {{Listening for Ideology: Automatic Analysis of Character Speech in Historical Nazi Propaganda Films}},
  author = {Ruth, Nicolas and Burghardt, Manuel and Niekler, Andreas},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.63317/4fxfeqysxtnz},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.63317/4fxfeqysxtnz}
}
```

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