---
title: "Qur'anic Readings and Modern Arabic Dialects — Sabahi 2026"
description: "The paper asks whether the canonical Qur'anic readings (qirāʾāt) preserve the pronunciation habits of 7th-century Arabian tribes, and whether those…"
authors: ["Rushdi Al Sabahi", "Mariam Elbanna", "Ainur Rhain"]
year: 2026
venue: "QiST 5"
source: "https://journals2.ums.ac.id/qist/article/view/14011"
doi: "10.23917/qist.v5i1.14011"
licence: "CC BY (journal licence per DOAJ; QiST)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sabahi-2026-qur-anic-readings-modern-arabic/"
---
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# Qur'anic Readings and Modern Arabic Dialects: A Descriptive-Comparative Linguistic Study

**Authors:** Rushdi Al Sabahi, Mariam Elbanna, Ainur Rhain · **Year:** 2026 · **Venue:** QiST 5 · **Licence:** [CC BY (journal licence per DOAJ; QiST)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.23917/qist.v5i1.14011) · [PDF](https://journals2.ums.ac.id/qist/article/download/14011/5209) · [DOI 10.23917/qist.v5i1.14011](https://doi.org/10.23917/qist.v5i1.14011) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W7127049258)

**Citations:** 0 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14)

## Summary
The paper asks whether the canonical Qur'anic readings (qirāʾāt) preserve the pronunciation habits of 7th-century Arabian tribes, and whether those habits survive in today's spoken Arabic. The authors use a qualitative descriptive–comparative design with no statistics or corpus counts. They draw on classical qirāʾāt sources, notably Ibn Mujāhid's *Al-Sabʿah fī al-Qirāʾāt* and Ibn al-Jazarī's *Al-Nashr fī al-Qirāʾāt al-ʿAshr*, and supplement these with the work of contemporary linguists, among them Tammam Hassan and Ahmed Mukhtar Omar. Their procedure has four steps:
- pull out phonetic phenomena from the classical sources;
- relabel them in modern phonological terms;
- compare them with Egyptian, Levantine, Gulf and Maghrebi Arabic;
- interpret the results as continuity, modification or divergence.

The four phenomena studied are imālah, tashīl al-hamz, idghām and ibdāl. The authors conclude that each has living counterparts in modern dialects, such as glottal-stop softening in Egyptian Arabic and vowel fronting in the Maghreb. They read this as evidence of long-term continuity in Arabic. They also argue that dialect forms often dismissed as sloppy have old roots, which matters for teaching and language policy.

## Key points
- The scope is the ten canonical readings with authenticated transmission chains (isnād); irregular or weak readings are excluded. Only phonology is covered, not syntax or morphology.
- The paper links specific readers to specific features and tribes:
  - imālah in Hamzah and al-Kisāʾī (e.g. Mūsā, ʿĪsā), tied to Tamīm and Asad;
  - hamz-easing in Warsh from Nāfiʿ, tied to Hijāzī speech;
  - idghām in Abū ʿAmr al-Baṣrī (qad tabayyana → qattabayyana).
- Modern parallels include:
  - Egyptian saʾala → sāla and muʾmin → mūmin;
  - Maghrebi qāl sounding close to qīl;
  - Gulf qad taʿlam → qattaʿlam;
  - Bedouin /θ/ → /t/.
- Ibdāl is illustrated by aʾimmah → aymah, which is also attested in pre-Islamic poetry.
- There is no quantitative evaluation and no full dialect survey. The authors themselves list acoustic and broader comparative work as future research.

## Interesting ideas
- The authors first normalize old, tradition-specific labels into a modern shared vocabulary, then compare across varieties, sorting each feature as kept, altered or diverged. This makes cross-variety comparison systematic rather than anecdotal. — For Mova (tree): UD dialect conversion could map each source treebank's conventions to a common label set first, then log every construction as preserved, changed or lost, giving an explainable conversion report.
- The readings differ in sound yet are treated as carrying exactly the same meaning, so variation sits on the surface while the content stays invariant. That separation makes it clear which differences matter. — For Mova (back): the text → graph → text compressor could be tested by checking that surface variants of one sentence collapse to the same meaning graph, while generation is free to choose any variant.
- Forms usually labelled as mistakes are reinterpreted as attested variants with a lineage. This keeps a system from simply discarding non-standard input. — For Mova (tokens): the tokenizer and lemmatizer could map informal or dialectal spellings to lemmas while tagging them as named variants rather than errors, keeping the information available downstream.
- Only sources with a verifiable transmission chain are admitted, and doubtful material is set aside. Data provenance becomes an explicit filter rather than an afterthought. — For Mova (learn): silver training items could carry a provenance trail (which witness parsers or teacher tier agreed), and items lacking a clean trail would be excluded or down-weighted.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{sabahi2026qur,
  title = {{Qur'anic Readings and Modern Arabic Dialects: A Descriptive-Comparative Linguistic Study}},
  author = {Sabahi, Rushdi Al and Elbanna, Mariam and Rhain, Ainur},
  booktitle = {QiST 5},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.23917/qist.v5i1.14011},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.23917/qist.v5i1.14011}
}
```

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