---
title: "Who cites Multiword Expressions: A Pain in the Neck for NLP"
description: "481 papers of the Elamur Research library cite «Multiword Expressions: A Pain in the Neck for NLP», found in their bibliographies; the most cited first."
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sag-2002-multiword-expressions-pain-neck-nlp/cited-by/"
---
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# Who cites «Multiword Expressions: A Pain in the Neck for NLP»

481 papers of our library cite it (of the 140,884 whose bibliographies we read) · 50 with a page here, the most cited first · [← the paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sag-2002-multiword-expressions-pain-neck-nlp/)

1. [**Universal Dependencies**Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Christopher D. Manning, Joakim Nivre, et al.*2021 · 910 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/marneffe-2021-universal-dependencies-2/)
2. [**Universal Dependencies**Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Christopher D. Manning, Joakim Nivre, et al.*2021 · 480 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/marneffe-2021-universal-dependencies/)
3. [**Universal Dependencies v2: An Evergrowing Multilingual Treebank Collection**Joakim Nivre, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Filip Ginter*2020 · 446 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/nivre-2020-universal-dependencies-v2/)
4. [**Universal Dependencies v2: An Evergrowing Multilingual Treebank Collection**Joakim Nivre, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Filip Ginter, et al.*2020 · 326 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/nivre-2020-universal-dependencies-v2-evergrowing-multilingual/)
5. [**An Empirical Model of Multiword Expression Decomposability**Timothy Baldwin, Colin Bannard, Takaaki Tanaka, et al.*2003 · 319 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/baldwin-2003-empirical-model-multiword-expression-decomposability/)
6. [**Unsupervised Type and Token Identification of Idiomatic Expressions**Afsaneh Fazly, Paul Cook, Suzanne Stevenson*2009 · 301 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/fazly-2009-unsupervised-type-token-identification-idiomatic/)
7. [**A Dependency Parser for Tweets**Lingpeng Kong, Nathan Schneider, Swabha Swayamdipta, et al.*2014 · 298 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kong-2014-dependency-parser-tweets/)
8. [**Survey: Multiword Expression Processing: A Survey**Mathieu Constant, Gülşen Eryiǧit, Johanna Monti, et al.*2017 · 296 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/constant-2017-survey-multiword-expression-processing-survey/)
9. [**An Empirical Study on Compositionality in Compound Nouns**Siva Reddy, Diana McCarthy, Suresh Manandhar*2011 · 233 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/reddy-2011-empirical-study-compositionality-compound-nouns/)
10. [**Automatic Identification of Non-Compositional Multi-Word Expressions using Latent Semantic Analysis**Graham Katz, Eugenie Giesbrecht*2006 · 172 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/katz-2006-automatic-identification-non-compositional-multi/)
11. [**Discriminative Lexical Semantic Segmentation with Gaps: Running the MWE Gamut**Nathan Schneider, Emily Danchik, Chris Dyer, et al.*2014 · 159 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/schneider-2014-discriminative-lexical-semantic-segmentation-gaps/)
12. [**Automatically Constructing a Lexicon of Verb Phrase Idiomatic Combinations**Afsaneh Fazly, Suzanne Stevenson*2006 · 131 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/fazly-2006-automatically-constructing-lexicon-verb-phrase/)
13. [**Still a Pain in the Neck: Evaluating Text Representations on Lexical Composition**Vered Shwartz, Ido Dagan*2019 · 129 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shwartz-2019-still-pain-neck-evaluating-text/)
14. [**Edition 1.1 of the PARSEME Shared Task on Automatic Identification of Verbal Multiword Expressions**Carlos Ramisch, Silvio Ricardo Cordeiro, Agata Savary, et al.*2018 · 124 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ramisch-2018-edition-1-1-parseme-shared/)
15. [**Probing for idiomaticity in vector space models**Marcos Garcia, Tiago Kramer Vieira, Carolina Scarton, et al.*2021 · 89 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/garcia-2021-probing-idiomaticity-vector-space-models/)
16. [**AStitchInLanguageModels: Dataset and Methods for the Exploration of Idiomaticity in Pre-Trained Language Models**Harish Tayyar Madabushi, Edward Gow-Smith, Carolina Scarton, et al.*2021 · 86 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/madabushi-2021-astitchinlanguagemodels-dataset-methods-exploration-idiomaticity/)
17. [**Idiomatic Expression Identification using Semantic Compatibility**Ziheng Zeng, Suma Bhat*2021 · 75 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zeng-2021-idiomatic-expression-identification-semantic-compatibility/)
18. [**Multiword Expressions in the wild? The mwetoolkit comes in handy**Carlos Ramisch, Aline Villavicencio, Christian Boitet*2010 · 69 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ramisch-2010-multiword-expressions-wild-mwetoolkit-comes/)
19. [**IMPLI: Investigating NLI Models' Performance on Figurative Language**Kevin Stowe, Prasetya Utama, Iryna Gurevych*2022 · 68 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/stowe-2022-impli-investigating-nli-models-performance/)
20. [**Parser Evaluation over Local and Non-Local Deep Dependencies in a Large Corpus**Emily M. Bender, Dan Flickinger, Stephan Oepen, et al.*2011 · 53 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bender-2011-parser-evaluation-over-local-non/)
21. [**An Expert Lexicon Approach to Identifying English Phrasal Verbs**Wei Li, Xiuhong Zhang, Cheng Niu, et al.*2003 · 50 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/li-2003-expert-lexicon-approach-identifying-english/)
22. [**ID10M: Idiom Identification in 10 Languages**Simone Tedeschi, Federico Martelli, Roberto Navigli*2022 · 49 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/tedeschi-2022-id10m-idiom-identification-10-languages/)
23. [**Marrying Universal Dependencies and Universal Morphology**Arya D. McCarthy, Miikka Silfverberg, Ryan Cotterell, et al.*2018 · 48 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mccarthy-2018-marrying-universal-dependencies-universal-morphology/)
24. [**Pulling their Weight: Exploiting Syntactic Forms for the Automatic Identification of Idiomatic Expressions in Context**Paul Cook, Afsaneh Fazly, Suzanne Stevenson*2007 · 42 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cook-2007-pulling-their-weight-exploiting-syntactic/)
25. [**Construction of English MWE Dictionary and its Application to POS Tagging**Yutaro Shigeto, Ai Azuma, Sorami Hisamoto, et al.*2013 · 34 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shigeto-2013-construction-english-mwe-dictionary-its/)
26. [**Semantics of Multiword Expressions in Transformer-Based Models: A Survey**Filip Miletić, Sabine Schulte im Walde*2024 · 20 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/miletic-2024-semantics-multiword-expressions-transformer-based/)
27. [**MWEs in Treebanks: From Survey to Guidelines**Victoria Rosén, Koenraad De Smedt, Gyri Smørdal Losnegaard, et al.*2016 · 19 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rosen-2016-mwes-treebanks-survey-guidelines/)
28. [**Crossing the Threshold: Idiomatic Machine Translation through Retrieval Augmentation and Loss Weighting**Emmy Liu, Aditi Chaudhary, Graham Neubig*2023 · 17 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/liu-2023-crossing-threshold-idiomatic-machine-translation/)
29. [**MWE as WSD: Solving Multiword Expression Identification with Word Sense Disambiguation**Joshua Tanner, Jacob Hoffman*2023 · 12 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/tanner-2023-mwe-as-wsd-solving-multiword/)
30. [**Construction of an English Dependency Corpus incorporating Compound Function Words**Akihiko Kato, Hiroyuki Shindo, Yuji Matsumoto*2016 · 12 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kato-2016-construction-english-dependency-corpus-incorporating/)
31. [**IEKG: A Commonsense Knowledge Graph for Idiomatic Expressions**Ziheng Zeng, Kellen Tan Cheng, Srihari Venkat Nanniyur, et al.*2023 · 11 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zeng-2023-iekg-commonsense-knowledge-graph-idiomatic/)
32. [**Edition 2.0 of the PARSEME shared task on multilingual identification and paraphrasing of multiword expressions**Manon Scholivet, Agata Savary, Carlos Ramisch, et al.*2026 · 9 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/scholivet-2026-edition-2-0-parseme-shared/)
33. [**A Parallel Cross-Lingual Benchmark for Multimodal Idiomaticity Understanding**Dilara Torunoğlu-Selamet, Doğukan Arslan, Rodrigo Wilkens, et al.*2026 · 8 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/selamet-2026-parallel-cross-lingual-benchmark-multimodal/)
34. [**UMR Annotation of Multiword Expressions**Julia Bonn, Andrew Cowell, Jan Hajič, et al.*2023 · 7 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bonn-2023-umr-annotation-multiword-expressions/)
35. [**A Lexical Resource of Hebrew Verb-Noun Multi-Word Expressions**Chaya Liebeskind, Yaakov HaCohen-Kerner*2016 · 6 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/liebeskind-2016-lexical-resource-hebrew-verb-noun/)
36. [**Unsupervised Construction of a Lexicon and a Repository of Variation Patterns for Arabic Modal Multiword Expressions**Rania Al-Sabbagh, Roxana Girju, Jana Diesner*2014 · 6 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sabbagh-2014-unsupervised-construction-lexicon-repository-variation/)
37. [**MultiCoPIE: A Multilingual Corpus of Potentially Idiomatic Expressions for Cross-lingual PIE Disambiguation**Uliana Sentsova, Debora Ciminari, Josef van Genabith, et al.*2025 · 4 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sentsova-2025-multicopie-multilingual-corpus-potentially-idiomatic/)
38. [**Neural Lemmatization of Multiword Expressions**Marine Schmitt, Mathieu Constant*2019 · 4 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/schmitt-2019-neural-lemmatization-multiword-expressions/)
39. [**A Canonical Form for Flexible Multiword Expressions**Jan Odijk, Martin Kroon*2024 · 3 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/odijk-2024-canonical-form-flexible-multiword-expressions/)
40. [**No Context Needed: Contextual Quandary In Idiomatic Reasoning With Pre-Trained Language Models**Kellen Tan Cheng, Suma Bhat*2024 · 3 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cheng-2024-no-context-needed-contextual-quandary/)
41. [**Extracting Headless MWEs from Dependency Parse Trees: Parsing, Tagging, and Joint Modeling Approaches**Tianze Shi, Lillian Lee*2020 · 3 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shi-2020-extracting-headless-mwes-dependency-parse/)
42. [**Differentiating Types of Verb Particle Constructions**Jon Patrick, Jeremy Fletcher*2004 · 3 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/patrick-2004-differentiating-types-verb-particle-constructions/)
43. [**Semantically Motivated Hebrew Verb-Noun Multi-Word Expressions Identification**Chaya Liebeskind, Yaakov HaCohen-Kerner*2016 · 2 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/liebeskind-2016-semantically-motivated-hebrew-verb-noun/)
44. [**Domain-Dependent Detection of Light Verb Constructions**István T. Nagy, Gábor Berend, György Móra, et al.*2011 · 2 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/nagy-2011-domain-dependent-detection-light-verb/)
45. [**From Trial by Fire to Sleep like a Baby: A Lexicon of Anxiety Associations for 20K English Multi-Word Expressions**Saif M. Mohammad*2026 · 1 citation*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mohammad-2026-trial-fire-sleep-like-baby/)
46. [**Fitting Fixed Expressions into the UD Mould: Swedish as a Use Case**Lars Ahrenberg*2024 · 1 citation*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ahrenberg-2024-fitting-fixed-expressions-into-ud/)
47. [**A Curious Class of Adpositional Multiword Expressions in Korean**Junghyun Min, Na-Rae Han, Jena D. Hwang, et al.*2026*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/min-2026-curious-class-adpositional-multiword-expressions/)
48. [**Rethinking the Idiomaticity Decomposability Hypothesis: Evidence from Distributional Learning**Maggie Mi, Golzar Atefi, Atsuki Yamaguchi, et al.*2026*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mi-2026-rethinking-idiomaticity-decomposability-hypothesis-evidence/)
49. [**Non Idiomatic Conventionalised Expressions: A New Pain in the Neck?**Ganesh Katrapati, Manish Shrivastava*2025*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/katrapati-2025-non-idiomatic-conventionalised-expressions-new/)
50. [**Lexicalised and non-lexicalized multi-word expressions in WordNet: a cross-encoder approach**Marek Maziarz, Łukasz Grabowski, Tadeusz Piotrowski, et al.*2023*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/maziarz-2023-lexicalised-non-lexicalized-multi-word/)

431 more papers of our library cite it; they have no page here yet.

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