---
title: "PARSEME 2.0 Multilingual Corpus of Multiword — Savary 2026"
description: "Multiword expressions (MWEs), such as idioms, compounds and fixed function-word sequences, are hard for NLP because their meaning cannot be predicted…"
authors: ["Agata Savary", "Manon Scholivet", "Carlos Ramisch", "Takuya Nakamura", "Eric Bilinski", "Sara Stymne", "Voula Giouli", "Stella Markantonatou", "Vasile Pais", "Maria Mitrofan", "Louis Estève", "Bruno Guillaume", "Verginica Barbu Mititelu", "Jaka Čibej", "Roberto Díaz Hernández", "Victoria Fendel", "Polona Gantar", "Olha Kanishcheva", "Cvetana Krstev", "Chaya Liebeskind", "Irina Lobzhanidze", "Aleksandra M. Marković", "Gunta Nešpore-Bērzkalne", "Adriana S. Pagano", "Mehrnoush Shamsfard", "Ranka Stankovic", "Vahide Tajalli", "Carole Tiberius", "Aakanksha Padhye"]
year: 2026
venue: "Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/2026.lrec-1.378/"
doi: "10.63317/2iy5qf38yhay"
licence: "CC BY-NC 4.0 (ELRA, LREC proceedings)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/savary-2026-parseme-2-0-multilingual-corpus/"
---
[Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/savary-2026-parseme-2-0-multilingual-corpus/)

[home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/) / [2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2026/page/4/) / PARSEME 2.0 Multilingual Corpus of Multiword Expressions

# PARSEME 2.0 Multilingual Corpus of Multiword Expressions

**Authors:** [Agata Savary](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/agata-savary/), [Manon Scholivet](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/manon-scholivet/), [Carlos Ramisch](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/carlos-ramisch/), [Takuya Nakamura](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/takuya-nakamura/), [Eric Bilinski](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/eric-bilinski/), [Sara Stymne](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/sara-stymne/), [Voula Giouli](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/voula-giouli/), [Stella Markantonatou](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/stella-markantonatou/), [Vasile Pais](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/vasile-pais/), [Maria Mitrofan](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/maria-mitrofan/), Louis Estève, [Bruno Guillaume](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bruno-guillaume/) et al. (29 authors) · **Year:** 2026 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC 4.0 (ELRA, LREC proceedings)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2026.lrec-1.378/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2026.lrec-1.378.pdf) · [DOI 10.63317/2iy5qf38yhay](https://doi.org/10.63317/2iy5qf38yhay) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W7160216360)

**Citations:** 1 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14) · [2](#cited-by) in our library, of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
Multiword expressions (MWEs), such as idioms, compounds and fixed function-word sequences, are hard for NLP because their meaning cannot be predicted from their parts. Language models tend to memorize them rather than generalize. Cross-lingual research has also been held back by a lack of comparable annotated data. This paper presents PARSEME 2.0, a manually annotated multilingual corpus. The four earlier releases covered only verbal MWEs; this edition covers every syntactic class: verbal, nominal, adjectival, adverbial and functional. Annotators follow shared guidelines structured as decision diagrams built from linguistic tests, which mostly check lexical and morphosyntactic rigidity. Identical test answers therefore lead to identical labels. The typology has 18 categories, and the texts have UD-compatible morphosyntactic annotation. The resource spans 17 languages and almost 5 million tokens and is released under open licenses. Baseline experiments with a prompt-based identification system show that general-purpose LLMs lack the knowledge to solve MWE identification. This makes the corpus a key benchmark and training resource, including for Ukrainian, which is newly added.

## Key points
- Corpus size: about 5M tokens, more than 250,000 sentences and over 140,000 MWE annotations, organized into 18 MWE categories.
- Languages: 17 in total. Ten are carried over from earlier editions (fr, el, he, fa, pl, pt, ro, sl, sv, sr). Seven are new: Dutch, Egyptian, Georgian, Ancient Greek, Japanese, Latvian and Ukrainian (uk). Marathi is still in the release pipeline.
- Previous editions 1.0–1.3 were limited to verbal MWEs and covered up to 26 languages. The 2.0 guidelines extend the verbal branch from 1.3 and draw heavily on the French Sequoia flowchart guidelines.
- Team for 2.0: 21 Language Leaders, 48 annotators (native speakers except for the ancient languages and French) and 5 core experts. More than 240 people have contributed across all editions, supported by the COST actions IC1207 and CA21167 (UniDive).
- The corpus is openly licensed and available at http://hdl.handle.net/11372/LRT-6123. In baseline tests, a prompt-based identification system built on generic LLMs performed inadequately.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/)

## Cited by

Cited by

2 papers of our library cite it (of the 140673 whose bibliographies we read); 1 of them have a page here, 1 not yet.

- [Edition 2.0 of the PARSEME shared task on multilingual identification and paraphrasing of multiword expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/scholivet-2026-edition-2-0-parseme-shared/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{savary2026parseme,
  title = {{PARSEME 2.0 Multilingual Corpus of Multiword Expressions}},
  author = {Savary, Agata and Scholivet, Manon and Ramisch, Carlos and Nakamura, Takuya and Bilinski, Eric and Stymne, Sara and Giouli, Voula and Markantonatou, Stella and Pais, Vasile and Mitrofan, Maria and Estève, Louis and Guillaume, Bruno and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Čibej, Jaka and Hernández, Roberto Díaz and Fendel, Victoria and Gantar, Polona and Kanishcheva, Olha and Krstev, Cvetana and Liebeskind, Chaya and Lobzhanidze, Irina and Marković, Aleksandra M. and Nešpore-Bērzkalne, Gunta and Pagano, Adriana S. and Shamsfard, Mehrnoush and Stankovic, Ranka and Tajalli, Vahide and Tiberius, Carole and Padhye, Aakanksha},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.63317/2iy5qf38yhay},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.63317/2iy5qf38yhay}
}
```

- [← previous ParlaSpeech 3.0: Richly Annotated Spoken Parliamentary Corpora of Croatian, Czech, Polish, and Serbian](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ljubesic-2026-parlaspeech-3-0-richly-annotated/)
- [next → Parsing Arabic Dialects Revisited: New Benchmarks, Models, and Insights](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2026-elshabrawy-parsing-arabic-dialects-revisited-new/)
- [↑ back to papers of 2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2026/page/4/)

## References

76 references, 19 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

1. Kübra Adalı, Tutkum Dinç, Memduh Gokirmak, and Gülşen Eryiğit. 2016. Comprehensive annotation of multiword expressions for turkish. In TurCLing 2016, The First International Conference on Turkic Computational Linguistics at CI-CLING 2016, pages 60–66, Konya, Turkey. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=K%C3%BCbra+Adal%C4%B1%2C+Tutkum+Din%C3%A7%2C+Memduh+Gokirmak%2C+and+G%C3%BCl%C5%9Fen+Eryi%C4%9Fit%2E+2016%2E+Comprehensive+annotation+of+multiword+expressions+for+turkish%2E+In+TurCLing+2016%2C+The+First+International+Conference+on+Turkic+Compu)
2. Špela Arhar Holdt, Simon Krek, Kaja Dobrovoljc, Tomaž Erjavec, Polona Gantar, Jaka Čibej, Eva Pori, Luka Terčon, Tina Munda, Slavko Žitnik, Nejc Robida, Neli Blagus, Sara Može, Nina Ledinek, Nanika Holz, Katja Zupan, Taja Kuzman, Teja Kavčič, Iza Škrjanec, Dafne Marko, Lucija Jezeršek, and Anja Zajc… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%C5%A0pela+Arhar+Holdt%2C+Simon+Krek%2C+Kaja+Dobrovoljc%2C+Toma%C5%BE+Erjavec%2C+Polona+Gantar%2C+Jaka+%C4%8Cibej%2C+Eva+Pori%2C+Luka+Ter%C4%8Don%2C+Tina+Munda%2C+Slavko+%C5%BDitnik%2C+Nejc+Robida%2C+Neli+Blagus%2C+Sara+Mo%C5%BEe%2C+Nina+Ledinek%2C+Nanika+Ho)
3. Kfir Bar, Mona Diab, and Abdelati Hawwari. 2014. Arabic multiword expressions. In Language, Culture, Computation. Computational Linguistics and Linguistics: Essays Dedicated to Yaacov Choueka on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday, pages 64–81. Springer. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Kfir+Bar%2C+Mona+Diab%2C+and+Abdelati+Hawwari%2E+2014%2E+Arabic+multiword+expressions%2E+In+Language%2C+Culture%2C+Computation%2E+Computational+Linguistics+and+Linguistics%3A+Essays+Dedicated+to+Yaacov+Choueka+on+the+O)
4. Eduard Bejček and Pavel Straňák. 2010. Annotation of multiword expressions in the Prague dependency treebank. Language Resources and Evaluation, 44(1–2):7–21. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Eduard+Bej%C4%8Dek+and+Pavel+Stra%C5%88%C3%A1k%2E+2010%2E+Annotation+of+multiword+expressions+in+the+Prague+dependency+treebank%2E+Language+Resources+and+Evaluation%2C+44%281%E2%80%932%29%3A7%E2%80%9321%2E)
5. Gosse Bouma, Jan Odijk, and Carole Tiberius. 2024. Towards a Dutch Parseme corpus. In Proceedings of the second general UniDive meeting, pages 29–37, Pisa, Italy. Unidive Project. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Gosse+Bouma%2C+Jan+Odijk%2C+and+Carole+Tiberius%2E+2024%2E+Towards+a+Dutch+Parseme+corpus%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+second+general+UniDive+meeting%2C+pages+29%E2%80%9337%2C+Pisa%2C+Italy%2E+Unidive+Project%2E)
6. Gosse Bouma and Gertjan van Noord. 2017. Increasing return on annotation investment: The automatic construction of a Universal Dependency treebank for Dutch. In Proceedings of the NoDaLiDa 2017 Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW 2017), pages 19–26, Gothenburg, Sweden. Association for Computatio… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Gosse+Bouma+and+Gertjan+van+Noord%2E+2017%2E+Increasing+return+on+annotation+investment%3A+The+automatic+construction+of+a+Universal+Dependency+treebank+for+Dutch%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+NoDaLiDa+2017+Worksh)
7. Marie Candito, Mathieu Constant, Carlos Ramisch, Agata Savary, Bruno Guillaume, Yannick Parmentier, and Silvio Cordeiro. 2021. A french corpus annotated for multiword expressions and named entities. Journal of Language Modelling, 8(2):415–479. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Marie+Candito%2C+Mathieu+Constant%2C+Carlos+Ramisch%2C+Agata+Savary%2C+Bruno+Guillaume%2C+Yannick+Parmentier%2C+and+Silvio+Cordeiro%2E+2021%2E+A+french+corpus+annotated+for+multiword+expressions+and+named+entities%2E+J)
8. Jaka Čibej, Simon Krek, Carole Tiberius, Federico Martelli, Roberto Navigli, Jelena Kallas, Polona Gantar, Svetla Koeva, Sanni Nimb, Bolette Sandford Pedersen, Sussi Olsen, Margit Langemets, Kristina Koppel, Tiiu Üksik, Kaja Dobrovoljc, Rafael Ureña-Ruiz, José-Luis Sancho-Sánchez, Veronika Lipp, Tam… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Jaka+%C4%8Cibej%2C+Simon+Krek%2C+Carole+Tiberius%2C+Federico+Martelli%2C+Roberto+Navigli%2C+Jelena+Kallas%2C+Polona+Gantar%2C+Svetla+Koeva%2C+Sanni+Nimb%2C+Bolette+Sandford+Pedersen%2C+Sussi+Olsen%2C+Margit+Langemets%2C+Kristina+)
9. Mathieu Constant, Gülşen Eryiğit, Johanna Monti, Lonneke van der Plas, Carlos Ramisch, Michael Rosner, and Amalia Todirascu. 2017. Multiword expression processing: A survey. Computational Linguistics, 43(4):837–892. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Mathieu+Constant%2C+G%C3%BCl%C5%9Fen+Eryi%C4%9Fit%2C+Johanna+Monti%2C+Lonneke+van+der+Plas%2C+Carlos+Ramisch%2C+Michael+Rosner%2C+and+Amalia+Todirascu%2E+2017%2E+Multiword+expression+processing%3A+A+survey%2E+Computational+Linguistics%2C)
10. Paul Cook, Afsaneh Fazly, and Suzanne Stevenson. 2007. Pulling their weight: Exploiting syntactic forms for the automatic identification of idiomatic expressions in context. In Proceedings of the Workshop on A Broader Perspective on Multiword Expressions, pages 41–48, Prague, Czech Republic. Associa… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Paul+Cook%2C+Afsaneh+Fazly%2C+and+Suzanne+Stevenson%2E+2007%2E+Pulling+their+weight%3A+Exploiting+syntactic+forms+for+the+automatic+identification+of+idiomatic+expressions+in+context%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+Work) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cook-2007-pulling-their-weight-exploiting-syntactic/)
11. Silvio Cordeiro, Aline Villavicencio, Marco Idiart, and Carlos Ramisch. 2019. Unsupervised compositionality prediction of nominal compounds. Computational Linguistics, 45(1):1–57. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Silvio+Cordeiro%2C+Aline+Villavicencio%2C+Marco+Idiart%2C+and+Carlos+Ramisch%2E+2019%2E+Unsupervised+compositionality+prediction+of+nominal+compounds%2E+Computational+Linguistics%2C+45%281%29%3A1%E2%80%9357%2E)
12. Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Christopher D. Manning, Joakim Nivre, and Daniel Zeman. 2021. Universal Dependencies. Computational Linguistics, 47(2):255–308. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Marie%2DCatherine+de+Marneffe%2C+Christopher+D%2E+Manning%2C+Joakim+Nivre%2C+and+Daniel+Zeman%2E+2021%2E+Universal+Dependencies%2E+Computational+Linguistics%2C+47%282%29%3A255%E2%80%93308%2E) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/demarneffe-2021-universal-dependencies/)
13. Roberto Antonio Díaz Hernández and Marco Carlo Passarotti. 2024. Developing the Egyptian-UJaen treebank. In Proceedings of the 22nd Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories (TLT 2024), pages 1–10, Hamburg,Germany. Association for Computational Linguistics. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Roberto+Antonio+D%C3%ADaz+Hern%C3%A1ndez+and+Marco+Carlo+Passarotti%2E+2024%2E+Developing+the+Egyptian%2DUJaen+treebank%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+22nd+Workshop+on+Treebanks+and+Linguistic+Theories+%28TLT+2024%29%2C+pages+1%E2%80%9310)
14. Magali Duran, Lucelene Lopes, Maria das Graças Nunes, and Thiago Pardo. 2023. The dawn of the porttinari multigenre treebank: Introducing its journalistic portion. In Anais do XIV Simpósio Brasileiro de Tecnologia da Informação e da Linguagem Humana, pages 115–124, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Magali+Duran%2C+Lucelene+Lopes%2C+Maria+das+Gra%C3%A7as+Nunes%2C+and+Thiago+Pardo%2E+2023%2E+The+dawn+of+the+porttinari+multigenre+treebank%3A+Introducing+its+journalistic+portion%2E+In+Anais+do+XIV+Simp%C3%B3sio+Brasileiro+)
15. Louis Estève, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Nurit Melnik, Agata Savary, and Olha Kanishcheva. 2025. A survey of diversity quantification in natural language processing: The why, what, where and how. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Louis+Est%C3%A8ve%2C+Marie%2DCatherine+de+Marneffe%2C+Nurit+Melnik%2C+Agata+Savary%2C+and+Olha+Kanishcheva%2E+2025%2E+A+survey+of+diversity+quantification+in+natural+language+processing%3A+The+why%2C+what%2C+where+and+how%2E)
16. Afsaneh Fazly and Suzanne Stevenson. 2006. Automatically constructing a lexicon of verb phrase idiomatic combinations. In 11th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 337–344, Trento, Italy. Association for Computational Linguistics. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Afsaneh+Fazly+and+Suzanne+Stevenson%2E+2006%2E+Automatically+constructing+a+lexicon+of+verb+phrase+idiomatic+combinations%2E+In+11th+Conference+of+the+European+Chapter+of+the+Association+for+Computational+L) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/fazly-2006-automatically-constructing-lexicon-verb-phrase/)
17. Victoria Beatrix Fendel. 2025a. Zenodo. [link]. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Victoria+Beatrix+Fendel%2E+2025a%2E+Zenodo%2E+%5Blink%5D%2E)
18. Victoria Beatrix Fendel. 2025b. Giving gifts and doing favours: Literary classical Attic Greek support-verb constructions. Brill, Leiden and Boston. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Victoria+Beatrix+Fendel%2E+2025b%2E+Giving+gifts+and+doing+favours%3A+Literary+classical+Attic+Greek+support%2Dverb+constructions%2E+Brill%2C+Leiden+and+Boston%2E)
19. Victoria Beatrix Fendel and Matthew Ireland. 2023. Discourse cohesion in xenophon’s on horsemanship through sketch engine. Digital Humanities Quarterly, 17(3):n/a. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Victoria+Beatrix+Fendel+and+Matthew+Ireland%2E+2023%2E+Discourse+cohesion+in+xenophon%E2%80%99s+on+horsemanship+through+sketch+engine%2E+Digital+Humanities+Quarterly%2C+17%283%29%3An%2Fa%2E)
20. Suzanne Fleischman. 2000. Methodologies and ideologies in historical linguistics: On working with older languages. In Susan Herring, Pieter Reenen, and Lene Schøsler, editors, Textual parameters in older languages, pages 33–58. John Benjamins, Amsterdam. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Suzanne+Fleischman%2E+2000%2E+Methodologies+and+ideologies+in+historical+linguistics%3A+On+working+with+older+languages%2E+In+Susan+Herring%2C+Pieter+Reenen%2C+and+Lene+Sch%C3%B8sler%2C+editors%2C+Textual+parameters+in+ol)
21. Voula Giouli, Foufi Vassiliki, and Angeliki/Aggeliki Fotopoulou. 2019. Annotating greek vmwes in running text: a piece of cake or looking for a needle in a haystack? In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Greek Linguistics, London, UK. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Voula+Giouli%2C+Foufi+Vassiliki%2C+and+Angeliki%2FAggeliki+Fotopoulou%2E+2019%2E+Annotating+greek+vmwes+in+running+text%3A+a+piece+of+cake+or+looking+for+a+needle+in+a+haystack%3F+In+Proceedings+of+the+13th+Interna)
22. Dirk Goldhahn, Thomas Eckart, and Uwe Quasthoff. 2012. Building large monolingual dictionaries at the Leipzig corpora collection: From 100 to 200 languages. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’12), pages 759–765, Istanbul, Turkey. European… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Dirk+Goldhahn%2C+Thomas+Eckart%2C+and+Uwe+Quasthoff%2E+2012%2E+Building+large+monolingual+dictionaries+at+the+Leipzig+corpora+collection%3A+From+100+to+200+languages%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+Eighth+International+) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/goldhahn-2012-building-large-monolingual-dictionaries-leipzig/)
23. Joseph Harold Greenberg, editor. 1996. Universals of language. MIT Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Joseph+Harold+Greenberg%2C+editor%2E+1996%2E+Universals+of+language%2E+MIT+Press%2E)
24. Gaston Gross. 1988. Degré de figement des noms composés. Langages, 90:57–71. Paris : Larousse. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Gaston+Gross%2E+1988%2E+Degr%C3%A9+de+figement+des+noms+compos%C3%A9s%2E+Langages%2C+90%3A57%E2%80%9371%2E+Paris+%3A+Larousse%2E)
25. Maurice Gross. 1986. Lexicon-grammar: The representation of compound words. In Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING ’86, pages 1–6, Stroudsburg, PA, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Maurice+Gross%2E+1986%2E+Lexicon%2Dgrammar%3A+The+representation+of+compound+words%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+11th+Conference+on+Computational+Linguistics%2C+COLING+%E2%80%9986%2C+pages+1%E2%80%936%2C+Stroudsburg%2C+PA%2C+USA%2E+Association)
26. Normunds Gruzitis, Lauma Pretkalnina, Baiba Saulite, Laura Rituma, Gunta Nespore-Berzkalne, Arturs Znotins, and Peteris Paikens. 2018. Creation of a balanced state-of-the-art multilayer corpus for nlu. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), p… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Normunds+Gruzitis%2C+Lauma+Pretkalnina%2C+Baiba+Saulite%2C+Laura+Rituma%2C+Gunta+Nespore%2DBerzkalne%2C+Arturs+Znotins%2C+and+Peteris+Paikens%2E+2018%2E+Creation+of+a+balanced+state%2Dof%2Dthe%2Dart+multilayer+corpus+for+nlu)
27. Sebastian Hoffmann. 2005. Grammaticalization and English Complex Prepositions: A Corpus-Based Study. Taylor and Francis, Florence, US. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Sebastian+Hoffmann%2E+2005%2E+Grammaticalization+and+English+Complex+Prepositions%3A+A+Corpus%2DBased+Study%2E+Taylor+and+Francis%2C+Florence%2C+US%2E)
28. Yusuke Ide, Joshua Tanner, Adam Nohejl, Jacob Hoffman, Justin Vasselli, Hidetaka Kamigaito, and Taro Watanabe. 2025. CoAM: Corpus of all-type multiword expressions. In Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 27004–27021,… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Yusuke+Ide%2C+Joshua+Tanner%2C+Adam+Nohejl%2C+Jacob+Hoffman%2C+Justin+Vasselli%2C+Hidetaka+Kamigaito%2C+and+Taro+Watanabe%2E+2025%2E+CoAM%3A+Corpus+of+all%2Dtype+multiword+expressions%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+63rd+Annual+M)
29. Pratik Joshi, Sebastin Santy, Amar Budhiraja, Kalika Bali, and Monojit Choudhury. 2020. The state and fate of linguistic diversity and inclusion in the NLP world. In Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 6282–6293, Online. Association for Comp… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Pratik+Joshi%2C+Sebastin+Santy%2C+Amar+Budhiraja%2C+Kalika+Bali%2C+and+Monojit+Choudhury%2E+2020%2E+The+state+and+fate+of+linguistic+diversity+and+inclusion+in+the+NLP+world%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+58th+Annual+Mee) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/joshi-2020-state-fate-linguistic-diversity-inclusion/)
30. Heiki-Jaan Kaalep and Kadri Muischnek. 2008. Multi-word verbs of estonian: a database and a corpus. In Proceedings of the LREC Workshop Towards a Shared Task for Multiword Expressions (MWE 2008), pages 23––26, Marrakech, Morocco. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Heiki%2DJaan+Kaalep+and+Kadri+Muischnek%2E+2008%2E+Multi%2Dword+verbs+of+estonian%3A+a+database+and+a+corpus%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+LREC+Workshop+Towards+a+Shared+Task+for+Multiword+Expressions+%28MWE+2008%29%2C+page)
31. Ioannis Korkontzelos, Torsten Zesch, Fabio Massimo Zanzotto, and Chris Biemann. 2013. SemEval-2013 task 5: Evaluating phrasal semantics. In Second Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM), Volume 2: Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEv… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ioannis+Korkontzelos%2C+Torsten+Zesch%2C+Fabio+Massimo+Zanzotto%2C+and+Chris+Biemann%2E+2013%2E+SemEval%2D2013+task+5%3A+Evaluating+phrasal+semantics%2E+In+Second+Joint+Conference+on+Lexical+and+Computational+Semanti)
32. Eric Laporte, Takuya Nakamura, and Stavroula Voyatzi. 2008a. A French Corpus Annotated for Multiword Expressions with Adverbial Function. In Proceedings of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC). Linguistic Annotation Workshop, pages 48–51, Marrakech, Morocco. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Eric+Laporte%2C+Takuya+Nakamura%2C+and+Stavroula+Voyatzi%2E+2008a%2E+A+French+Corpus+Annotated+for+Multiword+Expressions+with+Adverbial+Function%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+Language+Resources+and+Evaluation+Confer)
33. Eric Laporte, Takuya Nakamura, and Stavroula Voyatzi. 2008b. A French Corpus Annotated for Multiword Nouns. In Proceedings of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference. Workshop Towards a Shared Task on Multiword Expressions, pages 27–30, Marrakech, Morocco. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Eric+Laporte%2C+Takuya+Nakamura%2C+and+Stavroula+Voyatzi%2E+2008b%2E+A+French+Corpus+Annotated+for+Multiword+Nouns%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+Language+Resources+and+Evaluation+Conference%2E+Workshop+Towards+a+Share)
34. Irina Lobzhanidze. 2019. Computational model of the modern georgian language and search patterns for an online dictionary of idioms. In Language, Logic, and Computation, pages 187– 208, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Irina+Lobzhanidze%2E+2019%2E+Computational+model+of+the+modern+georgian+language+and+search+patterns+for+an+online+dictionary+of+idioms%2E+In+Language%2C+Logic%2C+and+Computation%2C+pages+187%E2%80%93+208%2C+Berlin%2C+Heidel)
35. Gyri Smørdal Losnegaard, Federico Sangati, Carla Parra Escartín, Agata Savary, Sascha Bargmann, and Johanna Monti. 2016. Parseme survey on mwe resources. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2016), Paris, France. European Language Resources… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Gyri+Sm%C3%B8rdal+Losnegaard%2C+Federico+Sangati%2C+Carla+Parra+Escart%C3%ADn%2C+Agata+Savary%2C+Sascha+Bargmann%2C+and+Johanna+Monti%2E+2016%2E+Parseme+survey+on+mwe+resources%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+Tenth+International+Conf)
36. Silvia Luraghi. 2003. Definite referential null objects in ancient greek. Indogermanische Forschungen, 108:167–194. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Silvia+Luraghi%2E+2003%2E+Definite+referential+null+objects+in+ancient+greek%2E+Indogermanische+Forschungen%2C+108%3A167%E2%80%93194%2E)
37. Stella Markantonatou, Carlos Ramisch, Victoria Rosén, Mike Rosner, Manfred Sailer, Agata Savary, and Veronika Vincze. 2021. PMWE conventions for examples containing multiword expressions. Technical report, Phraseology and Multiword Expressions – book series at Language Science Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Stella+Markantonatou%2C+Carlos+Ramisch%2C+Victoria+Ros%C3%A9n%2C+Mike+Rosner%2C+Manfred+Sailer%2C+Agata+Savary%2C+and+Veronika+Vincze%2E+2021%2E+PMWE+conventions+for+examples+containing+multiword+expressions%2E+Technical+re)
38. Stella Markantonatou and Niki Samaridi. 2017. Revisiting the grammatical function ”object” (obj and objθ). In Stella Markantonatou and Manfred Sailer, editors, Multiword expressions: Insights from a multi-lingual perspective, pages 187–213. Language Science Press, Berlin. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Stella+Markantonatou+and+Niki+Samaridi%2E+2017%2E+Revisiting+the+grammatical+function+%E2%80%9Dobject%E2%80%9D+%28obj+and+obj%CE%B8%29%2E+In+Stella+Markantonatou+and+Manfred+Sailer%2C+editors%2C+Multiword+expressions%3A+Insights+from+a+m)
39. Filip Miletić and Sabine Schulte im Walde. 2024. Semantics of multiword expressions in transformer-based models: A survey. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 12:593–612. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Filip+Mileti%C4%87+and+Sabine+Schulte+im+Walde%2E+2024%2E+Semantics+of+multiword+expressions+in+transformer%2Dbased+models%3A+A+survey%2E+Transactions+of+the+Association+for+Computational+Linguistics%2C+12%3A593%E2%80%93612%2E) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/miletic-2024-semantics-multiword-expressions-transformer-based/)
40. Joakim Nivre, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Filip Ginter, Jan Hajič, Christopher D. Manning, Sampo Pyysalo, Sebastian Schuster, Francis Tyers, and Daniel Zeman. 2020. Universal Dependencies v2: An evergrowing multilingual treebank collection. In Proceedings of the Twelfth Language Resources and Evalu… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Joakim+Nivre%2C+Marie%2DCatherine+de+Marneffe%2C+Filip+Ginter%2C+Jan+Haji%C4%8D%2C+Christopher+D%2E+Manning%2C+Sampo+Pyysalo%2C+Sebastian+Schuster%2C+Francis+Tyers%2C+and+Daniel+Zeman%2E+2020%2E+Universal+Dependencies+v2%3A+An+ever)
41. Geoffrey Nunberg, Ivan A. Sag, and Thomas Wasow. 1994. Idioms. Language, 70:491–538. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Geoffrey+Nunberg%2C+Ivan+A%2E+Sag%2C+and+Thomas+Wasow%2E+1994%2E+Idioms%2E+Language%2C+70%3A491%E2%80%93538%2E)
42. Thiago Pardo, Magali Duran, Lucelene Lopes, Ariani Felippo, Norton Roman, and Maria Nunes. 2021. Porttinari - a large multi-genre treebank for brazilian portuguese. In Anais do XIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Tecnologia da Informação e da Linguagem Humana, pages 1–10, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Thiago+Pardo%2C+Magali+Duran%2C+Lucelene+Lopes%2C+Ariani+Felippo%2C+Norton+Roman%2C+and+Maria+Nunes%2E+2021%2E+Porttinari+%2D+a+large+multi%2Dgenre+treebank+for+brazilian+portuguese%2E+In+Anais+do+XIII+Simp%C3%B3sio+Brasileir)
43. Ganapati P. Patil and Charles Taillie. 1982. Diversity as a Concept and its Measurement. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 77(379):548–561. Number: 379 Publisher: [American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis, Ltd.]. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ganapati+P%2E+Patil+and+Charles+Taillie%2E+1982%2E+Diversity+as+a+Concept+and+its+Measurement%2E+Journal+of+the+American+Statistical+Association%2C+77%28379%29%3A548%E2%80%93561%2E+Number%3A+379+Publisher%3A+%5BAmerican+Statistical+)
44. Thomas Pickard, Aline Villavicencio, Maggie Mi, Wei He, Dylan Phelps, and Marco Idiart. 2025. SemEval-2025 task 1: AdMIRe - advancing multimodal idiomaticity representation. In Proceedings of the 19th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2025), pages 2597–2609, Vienna, Austria. Ass… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Thomas+Pickard%2C+Aline+Villavicencio%2C+Maggie+Mi%2C+Wei+He%2C+Dylan+Phelps%2C+and+Marco+Idiart%2E+2025%2E+SemEval%2D2025+task+1%3A+AdMIRe+%2D+advancing+multimodal+idiomaticity+representation%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+19th) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pickard-2025-semeval-2025-task-1-admire/)
45. Lauma Pretkalnina. 2023. Formāls latviešu valodas gramatikas modelis un tā realizācija mašīn-lasāmā sintakses korpusā. Ph.D. thesis, Latvijas Universitāte. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Lauma+Pretkalnina%2E+2023%2E+Form%C4%81ls+latvie%C5%A1u+valodas+gramatikas+modelis+un+t%C4%81+realiz%C4%81cija+ma%C5%A1%C4%ABn%2Dlas%C4%81m%C4%81+sintakses+korpus%C4%81%2E+Ph%2ED%2E+thesis%2C+Latvijas+Universit%C4%81te%2E)
46. Lauma Pretkalnina, Laura Rituma, and Baiba Saulite. 2018. Deriving enhanced universal dependencies from a hybrid dependency-constituency treebank. In Text, Speech, and Dialogue, volume 11107, pages 95–105. Springer. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Lauma+Pretkalnina%2C+Laura+Rituma%2C+and+Baiba+Saulite%2E+2018%2E+Deriving+enhanced+universal+dependencies+from+a+hybrid+dependency%2Dconstituency+treebank%2E+In+Text%2C+Speech%2C+and+Dialogue%2C+volume+11107%2C+pages+95)
47. Pedro Ramaciotti Morales, Robin Lamarche-Perrin, Raphaël Fournier-S’Niehotta, Rémy Poulain, Lionel Tabourier, and Fabien Tarissan. 2021. Measuring diversity in heterogeneous information networks. Theoretical Computer Science, 859:80–115. Publisher: Elsevier. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Pedro+Ramaciotti+Morales%2C+Robin+Lamarche%2DPerrin%2C+Rapha%C3%ABl+Fournier%2DS%E2%80%99Niehotta%2C+R%C3%A9my+Poulain%2C+Lionel+Tabourier%2C+and+Fabien+Tarissan%2E+2021%2E+Measuring+diversity+in+heterogeneous+information+networks%2E+Theo)
48. Carlos Ramisch, Silvio Ricardo Cordeiro, Agata Savary, Veronika Vincze, Verginica Barbu Mititelu, Archna Bhatia, Maja Buljan, Marie Candito, Polona Gantar, Voula Giouli, Tunga Güngör, Abdelati Hawwari, Uxoa Iñurrieta, Jolanta Kovalevskaitė, Simon Krek, Timm Lichte, Chaya Liebeskind, Johanna Monti, C… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Carlos+Ramisch%2C+Silvio+Ricardo+Cordeiro%2C+Agata+Savary%2C+Veronika+Vincze%2C+Verginica+Barbu+Mititelu%2C+Archna+Bhatia%2C+Maja+Buljan%2C+Marie+Candito%2C+Polona+Gantar%2C+Voula+Giouli%2C+Tunga+G%C3%BCng%C3%B6r%2C+Abdelati+Hawwari) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ramisch-2018-edition-1-1-parseme-shared/)
49. Carlos Ramisch, Agata Savary, Bruno Guillaume, Jakub Waszczuk, Marie Candito, Ashwini Vaidya, Verginica Barbu Mititelu, Archna Bhatia, Uxoa Iñurrieta, Voula Giouli, Tunga Güngör, Menghan Jiang, Timm Lichte, Chaya Liebeskind, Johanna Monti, Renata Ramisch, Sara Stymne, Abigail Walsh, and Hongzhi Xu.… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Carlos+Ramisch%2C+Agata+Savary%2C+Bruno+Guillaume%2C+Jakub+Waszczuk%2C+Marie+Candito%2C+Ashwini+Vaidya%2C+Verginica+Barbu+Mititelu%2C+Archna+Bhatia%2C+Uxoa+I%C3%B1urrieta%2C+Voula+Giouli%2C+Tunga+G%C3%BCng%C3%B6r%2C+Menghan+Jiang%2C+Timm+L) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ramisch-2020-edition-1-2-parseme-shared/)
50. Victoria Rosén, Koenraad De Smedt, Gyri Smørdal Losnegaard, Eduard Bejček, Agata Savary, and Petya Osenova. 2016. Mwes in treebanks: From survey to guidelines. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2016), Paris, France. European Language Reso… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Victoria+Ros%C3%A9n%2C+Koenraad+De+Smedt%2C+Gyri+Sm%C3%B8rdal+Losnegaard%2C+Eduard+Bej%C4%8Dek%2C+Agata+Savary%2C+and+Petya+Osenova%2E+2016%2E+Mwes+in+treebanks%3A+From+survey+to+guidelines%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+Tenth+Internationa) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2016-rosen-mwes-treebanks-survey-guidelines/)
51. Bahar Salehi, Paul Cook, and Timothy Baldwin. 2015. A word embedding approach to predicting the compositionality of multiword expressions. In Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, pages 977–983,… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Bahar+Salehi%2C+Paul+Cook%2C+and+Timothy+Baldwin%2E+2015%2E+A+word+embedding+approach+to+predicting+the+compositionality+of+multiword+expressions%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+2015+Conference+of+the+North+American+C)
52. Agata Savary, Cherifa Ben Khelil, Carlos Ramisch, Voula Giouli, Verginica Barbu Mititelu, Najet Hadj Mohamed, Cvetana Krstev, Chaya Liebeskind, Hongzhi Xu, Sara Stymne, Tunga Güngör, Thomas Pickard, Bruno Guillaume, Eduard Bejček, Archna Bhatia, Marie Candito, Polona Gantar, Uxoa Iñurrieta, Albert G… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Agata+Savary%2C+Cherifa+Ben+Khelil%2C+Carlos+Ramisch%2C+Voula+Giouli%2C+Verginica+Barbu+Mititelu%2C+Najet+Hadj+Mohamed%2C+Cvetana+Krstev%2C+Chaya+Liebeskind%2C+Hongzhi+Xu%2C+Sara+Stymne%2C+Tunga+G%C3%BCng%C3%B6r%2C+Thomas+Pickard%2C+B)
53. Agata Savary, Marie Candito, Verginica Barbu Mititelu, Eduard Bejček, Fabienne Cap, Slavomír Čéplö, Silvio Ricardo Cordeiro, Gülşen Eryiğit, Voula Giouli, Maarten van Gompel, Yaakov HaCohen-Kerner, Jolanta Kovalevskaitė, Simon Krek, Chaya Liebeskind, Johanna Monti, Carla Parra Escartín, Lonneke van… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Agata+Savary%2C+Marie+Candito%2C+Verginica+Barbu+Mititelu%2C+Eduard+Bej%C4%8Dek%2C+Fabienne+Cap%2C+Slavom%C3%ADr+%C4%8C%C3%A9pl%C3%B6%2C+Silvio+Ricardo+Cordeiro%2C+G%C3%BCl%C5%9Fen+Eryi%C4%9Fit%2C+Voula+Giouli%2C+Maarten+van+Gompel%2C+Yaakov+HaCohen%2DKerner%2C+Jo)
54. Agata Savary, Silvio Cordeiro, and Carlos Ramisch. 2019. Without lexicons, multiword expression identification will never fly: A position statement. In Proceedings of the Joint Workshop on Multiword Expressions and WordNet (MWE-WN 2019), pages 79–91, Florence, Italy. Association for Computational Li… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Agata+Savary%2C+Silvio+Cordeiro%2C+and+Carlos+Ramisch%2E+2019%2E+Without+lexicons%2C+multiword+expression+identification+will+never+fly%3A+A+position+statement%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+Joint+Workshop+on+Multiword+E)
55. Agata Savary, Carlos Ramisch, Silvio Cordeiro, Federico Sangati, Veronika Vincze, Behrang QasemiZadeh, Marie Candito, Fabienne Cap, Voula Giouli, Ivelina Stoyanova, and Antoine Doucet. 2017. The PARSEME shared task on automatic identification of verbal multiword expressions. In Proceedings of the 13… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Agata+Savary%2C+Carlos+Ramisch%2C+Silvio+Cordeiro%2C+Federico+Sangati%2C+Veronika+Vincze%2C+Behrang+QasemiZadeh%2C+Marie+Candito%2C+Fabienne+Cap%2C+Voula+Giouli%2C+Ivelina+Stoyanova%2C+and+Antoine+Doucet%2E+2017%2E+The+PARSE) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/savary-2017-parseme-shared-task-automatic-identification/)
56. Agata Savary, Manfred Sailer, Yannick Parmentier, Michael Rosner, Victoria Rosén, Adam Przepiórkowski, Cvetana Krstev, Veronika Vincze, Beata Wójtowicz, Gyri Smørdal Losnegaard, Carla Parra Escartín, Jakub Waszczuk, Mathieu Constant, Petya Osenova, and Federico Sangati. 2015. PARSEME – PARSing and M… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Agata+Savary%2C+Manfred+Sailer%2C+Yannick+Parmentier%2C+Michael+Rosner%2C+Victoria+Ros%C3%A9n%2C+Adam+Przepi%C3%B3rkowski%2C+Cvetana+Krstev%2C+Veronika+Vincze%2C+Beata+W%C3%B3jtowicz%2C+Gyri+Sm%C3%B8rdal+Losnegaard%2C+Carla+Parra+Escart%C3%ADn%2C+)
57. Agata Savary, Sara Stymne, Verginica Barbu Mititelu, Nathan Schneider, Carlos Ramisch, and Joakim Nivre. 2023b. Parseme meets universal dependencies: Getting on the same page in representing multiword expressions. Northern European Journal of Language Technology, 9(1). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Agata+Savary%2C+Sara+Stymne%2C+Verginica+Barbu+Mititelu%2C+Nathan+Schneider%2C+Carlos+Ramisch%2C+and+Joakim+Nivre%2E+2023b%2E+Parseme+meets+universal+dependencies%3A+Getting+on+the+same+page+in+representing+multiword)
58. Nathan Schneider, Dirk Hovy, Anders Johannsen, and Marine Carpuat. 2016. SemEval-2016 task 10: Detecting minimal semantic units and their meanings (DiMSUM). In Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2016), pages 546–559, San Diego, California. Association for… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Nathan+Schneider%2C+Dirk+Hovy%2C+Anders+Johannsen%2C+and+Marine+Carpuat%2E+2016%2E+SemEval%2D2016+task+10%3A+Detecting+minimal+semantic+units+and+their+meanings+%28DiMSUM%29%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+10th+International+Wo) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/schneider-2016-semeval-2016-task-10-detecting/)
59. Nathan Schneider, Spencer Onuffer, Nora Kazour, Emily Danchik, Michael T. Mordowanec, Henrietta Conrad, and Noah A. Smith. 2014. Comprehensive annotation of multiword expressions in a social web corpus. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’1… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Nathan+Schneider%2C+Spencer+Onuffer%2C+Nora+Kazour%2C+Emily+Danchik%2C+Michael+T%2E+Mordowanec%2C+Henrietta+Conrad%2C+and+Noah+A%2E+Smith%2E+2014%2E+Comprehensive+annotation+of+multiword+expressions+in+a+social+web+corpu) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lingbulk-2014-schneider-comprehensive-annotation-multiword-expressions-social/)
60. Manon Scholivet, Agata Savary, Louis Estève, Marie Candito, and Carlos Ramisch. 2025. SE-LEXINI – a large and diverse automatically parsed corpus of French. In Proceedings of the 18th Workshop on Building and Using Comparable Corpora (BUCC), pages 83–98, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Association for Computational… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Manon+Scholivet%2C+Agata+Savary%2C+Louis+Est%C3%A8ve%2C+Marie+Candito%2C+and+Carlos+Ramisch%2E+2025%2E+SE%2DLEXINI+%E2%80%93+a+large+and+diverse+automatically+parsed+corpus+of+French%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+18th+Workshop+on+Buil)
61. Sabine Schulte im Walde, Anna Hätty, and Stefan Bott. 2016. The role of modifier and head properties in predicting the compositionality of English and German noun-noun compounds: A vector-space perspective. In Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics, pages 14… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Sabine+Schulte+im+Walde%2C+Anna+H%C3%A4tty%2C+and+Stefan+Bott%2E+2016%2E+The+role+of+modifier+and+head+properties+in+predicting+the+compositionality+of+English+and+German+noun%2Dnoun+compounds%3A+A+vector%2Dspace+perspe) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/walde-2016-role-modifier-head-properties-predicting/)
62. Mojgan Seraji, Filip Ginter, and Joakim Nivre. 2016. Universal dependencies for persian. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’16), pages 2361–2365. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Mojgan+Seraji%2C+Filip+Ginter%2C+and+Joakim+Nivre%2E+2016%2E+Universal+dependencies+for+persian%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+Tenth+International+Conference+on+Language+Resources+and+Evaluation+%28LREC%E2%80%9916%29%2C+pages+2361)
63. Vered Shwartz and Ido Dagan. 2019. Still a pain in the neck: Evaluating text representations on lexical composition. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 7:403–419. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Vered+Shwartz+and+Ido+Dagan%2E+2019%2E+Still+a+pain+in+the+neck%3A+Evaluating+text+representations+on+lexical+composition%2E+Transactions+of+the+Association+for+Computational+Linguistics%2C+7%3A403%E2%80%93419%2E) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shwartz-2019-still-pain-neck-evaluating-text/)
64. Andy Stirling. 2007. A general framework for analysing diversity in science, technology and society. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 4(15):707–719. Number: 15 Publisher: Royal Society. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Andy+Stirling%2E+2007%2E+A+general+framework+for+analysing+diversity+in+science%2C+technology+and+society%2E+Journal+of+The+Royal+Society+Interface%2C+4%2815%29%3A707%E2%80%93719%2E+Number%3A+15+Publisher%3A+Royal+Society%2E)
65. Milan Straka. 2018. UDPipe 2.0 prototype at CoNLL 2018 UD shared task. In Proceedings of the CoNLL 2018 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies, pages 197–207, Brussels, Belgium. Association for Computational Linguistics. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Milan+Straka%2E+2018%2E+UDPipe+2%2E0+prototype+at+CoNLL+2018+UD+shared+task%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+CoNLL+2018+Shared+Task%3A+Multilingual+Parsing+from+Raw+Text+to+Universal+Dependencies%2C+pages+197%E2%80%93207%2C+Brusse) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2018-straka-udpipe-2-0-prototype-conll/)
66. Sara Stymne, Astrid Berntsson Ingelstam, and Eva Pettersson. 2026. Swedish Multiword Expression Corpora in PARSEME. In Proceedings of the 22nd Workshop on Multiword Expressions (MWE 2026), Rabat, Morroco. Association for Computational Linguistics. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Sara+Stymne%2C+Astrid+Berntsson+Ingelstam%2C+and+Eva+Pettersson%2E+2026%2E+Swedish+Multiword+Expression+Corpora+in+PARSEME%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+22nd+Workshop+on+Multiword+Expressions+%28MWE+2026%29%2C+Rabat%2C+Morr)
67. Harish Tayyar Madabushi, Edward Gow-Smith, Marcos Garcia, Carolina Scarton, Marco Idiart, and Aline Villavicencio. 2022. SemEval-2022 task 2: Multilingual idiomaticity detection and sentence embedding. In Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2022), pages 107… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Harish+Tayyar+Madabushi%2C+Edward+Gow%2DSmith%2C+Marcos+Garcia%2C+Carolina+Scarton%2C+Marco+Idiart%2C+and+Aline+Villavicencio%2E+2022%2E+SemEval%2D2022+task+2%3A+Multilingual+idiomaticity+detection+and+sentence+embedding) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/madabushi-2022-semeval-2022-task-2-multilingual/)
68. Simone Tedeschi, Federico Martelli, and Roberto Navigli. 2022. ID10M: Idiom identification in 10 languages. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2022, pages 2715–2726, Seattle, United States. Association for Computational Linguistics. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Simone+Tedeschi%2C+Federico+Martelli%2C+and+Roberto+Navigli%2E+2022%2E+ID10M%3A+Idiom+identification+in+10+languages%2E+In+Findings+of+the+Association+for+Computational+Linguistics%3A+NAACL+2022%2C+pages+2715%E2%80%932726%2C+S) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/tedeschi-2022-id10m-idiom-identification-10-languages/)
69. Veronika Vincze and János Csirik. 2010. Hungarian corpus of light verb constructions. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2010), pages 1110–1118, Beijing, China. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Veronika+Vincze+and+J%C3%A1nos+Csirik%2E+2010%2E+Hungarian+corpus+of+light+verb+constructions%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+23rd+International+Conference+on+Computational+Linguistics+%28Coling+2010%29%2C+pages+1110%E2%80%931118%2C+B)
70. Coling 2010 Organizing Committee. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Coling+2010+Organizing+Committee%2E)
71. Andreas Willi. 2003. The languages of Aristophanes: aspects of linguistic variation in Classical Attic Greek. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 17. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Andreas+Willi%2E+2003%2E+The+languages+of+Aristophanes%3A+aspects+of+linguistic+variation+in+Classical+Attic+Greek%2E+Oxford+University+Press%2C+Oxford%2E+17%2E)
72. Language Resource References Carlos Ramisch, Silvio Ricardo Cordeiro, et al. 2018. Annotated corpora and tools of the PARSEME shared task on automatic identification of verbal multiword expressions (edition 1.1). LINDAT/CLARIAH-CZ digital library at the Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics (Ú… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Language+Resource+References+Carlos+Ramisch%2C+Silvio+Ricardo+Cordeiro%2C+et+al%2E+2018%2E+Annotated+corpora+and+tools+of+the+PARSEME+shared+task+on+automatic+identification+of+verbal+multiword+expressions+%28e)
73. Carlos Ramisch, Bruno Guillaume, Agata Savary, et al. 2020. Annotated corpora and tools of the PARSEME shared task on semi-supervised identification of verbal multiword expressions (edition 1.2). LINDAT/CLARIAH-CZ digital library at the Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics (ÚFAL). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Carlos+Ramisch%2C+Bruno+Guillaume%2C+Agata+Savary%2C+et+al%2E+2020%2E+Annotated+corpora+and+tools+of+the+PARSEME+shared+task+on+semi%2Dsupervised+identification+of+verbal+multiword+expressions+%28edition+1%2E2%29%2E+LIND)
74. Agata Savary, Carlos Ramisch, Silvio Ricardo Cordeiro, et al. 2017. Annotated corpora and tools of the PARSEME shared task on automatic identification of verbal multiword expressions (edition 1.0). LINDAT/CLARIAH-CZ digital library at the Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics (ÚFAL). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Agata+Savary%2C+Carlos+Ramisch%2C+Silvio+Ricardo+Cordeiro%2C+et+al%2E+2017%2E+Annotated+corpora+and+tools+of+the+PARSEME+shared+task+on+automatic+identification+of+verbal+multiword+expressions+%28edition+1%2E0%29%2E+LI) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/savary-2017-parseme-shared-task-automatic-identification/)
75. Agata Savary, Carlos Ramisch, Bruno Guillaume, et al. 2023. PARSEME corpora annotated for verbal multiword expressions (version 1.3). LIN-DAT/CLARIAH-CZ digital library at the Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics (ÚFAL). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Agata+Savary%2C+Carlos+Ramisch%2C+Bruno+Guillaume%2C+et+al%2E+2023%2E+PARSEME+corpora+annotated+for+verbal+multiword+expressions+%28version+1%2E3%29%2E+LIN%2DDAT%2FCLARIAH%2DCZ+digital+library+at+the+Institute+of+Formal+and+)
76. Daniel Zeman, Joakim Nivre, Mitchell Abrams, et al. 2025. Universal dependencies 2.16. LIN-DAT/CLARIAH-CZ digital library at the Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics (ÚFAL). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Daniel+Zeman%2C+Joakim+Nivre%2C+Mitchell+Abrams%2C+et+al%2E+2025%2E+Universal+dependencies+2%2E16%2E+LIN%2DDAT%2FCLARIAH%2DCZ+digital+library+at+the+Institute+of+Formal+and+Applied+Linguistics+%28%C3%9AFAL%29%2E)