--- title: "T'OMIM: A Morphologically Annotated Dataset of Parallel Passages in the Hebrew Bible — Smiley 2026" description: "The full text is not in the library; this card rests on the published abstract and catalogue record, and its ideas are provisional." authors: ["David M. Smiley"] year: 2026 venue: "Journal of Open Humanities Data" source: "https://doi.org/10.5334/johd.608" doi: "10.5334/johd.608" licence: "CC BY (per OpenAlex/publisher; Journal of Open Humanities Data)" licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License" canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/smiley-2026-tomim-morphologically-annotated-dataset-parallel/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/smiley-2026-tomim-morphologically-annotated-dataset-parallel/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/) / [2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2026/page/10/) / T'OMIM: A Morphologically Annotated Dataset of Parallel Passages in the Hebrew Bible # T'OMIM: A Morphologically Annotated Dataset of Parallel Passages in the Hebrew Bible **Authors:** [David M. Smiley](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/david-m-smiley/) · **Year:** 2026 · **Venue:** Journal of Open Humanities Data 12 **Link:** [doi.org/10.5334/johd.608](https://doi.org/10.5334/johd.608) (data on Zenodo, record 19,135,731) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) (paper and data) [**0** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W7203744425) OpenAlex, 2026-10-14 · [Journal of Open Humanities Data](https://openalex.org/S4210240912) · [licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) - [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.5334/johd.608) - [PDF](https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/608/files/6a8594b1387be.pdf) - [DOI 10.5334/johd.608](https://doi.org/10.5334/johd.608) - [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W7203744425) **Authors (1)** 1. [David M. Smiley](https://openalex.org/A5022455188) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8211-3783) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/121269946) · h 1 · 1 citations · 11 works Citations and author metrics: OpenAlex, 2026-10-14; authors with the same name are not always told apart. ## What it is about The full text is not in the library; this card rests on the published abstract and catalogue record, and its ideas are provisional. The dataset fills a gap: scholars have long listed the Bible's inner parallels, but no machine-readable, morphologically annotated set existed. T'OMIM pairs 554 narrative parallels from the Chronicles synoptic tradition with 256 poetic parallels collected from major studies of biblical parallelism. Every pair is aligned to the ETCBC's BHSA text at verse and word level, so each word carries BHSA's morphology. It is released as four Parquet files on Zenodo, and it is the training and test material of the MiqraBERT paper. ## Ideas - I2. The word-level alignments of the 256 poetic pairs are a ready test of "which word answers which" in parallel cola; use them to score the role-alignment idea in the MiqraBERT card (I2) without hand-labelling. - I3. From the narrative pairs, count the kinds of change between the earlier and later text (a word replaced, a word added, a construction changed) as a small, dated table of Early vs Late Biblical Hebrew substitutions. ## For Mova - I1. Use T'OMIM's pairs as the gold for Mova's own parallel finder (lemma overlap plus tree alignment): CC BY 4.0 data may be used and cited. Map BHSA word ids to MACULA ids (both rest on the Leningrad Codex) once, and keep the mapping as a small file. I1 and I2 need a BHSA→MACULA word mapping (a step in `tools/macula`), then the parallel tool proposed in `hbo-2025-smiley-intertextual-parallel-detection-biblical-hebrew`. I3 is a table for [languages/hbo/12-biblical-mishnaic-modern.md](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/12-biblical-mishnaic-modern/) (the dating debate), with counts dated. Most pairs lie outside the Torah, so our trees cover only the Torah side of the few Torah poetic pairs; the rest needs MACULA's other books. ## Institutions [🎓**University of Notre Dame** Notre Dame · United States 19 works · 35,879 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-notre-dame/) Topics[Morphology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/morphology/) · [Hebrew & Aramaic](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/hebrew-aramaic/) · [Semitic languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semitic-languages/) ## Cite Cite as David M. Smiley. 2026. T'OMIM: A Morphologically Annotated Dataset of Parallel Passages in the Hebrew Bible. Journal of Open Humanities Data. The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.5334/johd.608](https://doi.org/10.5334/johd.608) ```bibtex @article{smiley2026t, title = {{T'OMIM: A Morphologically Annotated Dataset of Parallel Passages in the Hebrew Bible}}, author = {David M. Smiley}, journal = {Journal of Open Humanities Data}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5334/johd.608}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5334/johd.608} } ``` - [← previous SyriSign: A Parallel Corpus for Arabic Text to Syrian Arabic Sign Language Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/khalil-2026-syrisign-parallel-corpus-arabic-text/) - [next → T. V. Tsymbaliuk-Skopnenko. Describing the lexis and phraseology missing from dictionaries in Ukrainian classical fiction of the late 19th to the first half of the 20th century // Movoznavstvo, 2026, no. 1](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/skopnenko-2026-pozaslovnykova-leksyka/) — (Цимбалюк-Скопненко Т. В.. 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