---
title: "CLASSLA-Stanza — paper by Terčon and Ljubešic (2023)"
description: "This paper describes CLASSLA-Stanza, a fork of the Stanza neural pipeline from the CLASSLA… 35 references, cited by 18 papers here."
authors: ["Luka Ter\\vcon", "Nikola Ljube\\vsic"]
year: 2023
venue: "arXiv:2308.04255"
source: "https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.04255"
doi: "10.48550/arxiv.2308.04255"
arxiv: "2308.04255"
licence: "CC BY-SA 4.0 (arXiv)"
licence_url: "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ter-vcon-2023-classla-stanza-next-step-linguistic/"
---
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# CLASSLA-Stanza: The Next Step for Linguistic Processing of South Slavic Languages

**Authors:** Luka Ter\\vcon and [Nikola Ljube\\vsic](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nikola-ljube-vsic/) · **Year:** 2023 · **Venue:** arXiv:2308.04255 · **Licence:** [CC BY-SA 4.0 (arXiv)](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.04255) · [PDF](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.04255) · [DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2308.04255](https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2308.04255) · [arXiv 2308.04255](https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.04255) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W7116955673)

**Citations:** 12 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14) · [18](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ter-vcon-2023-classla-stanza-next-step-linguistic/cited-by/) in our library, of the 149,439 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
South Slavic languages such as Macedonian and Bosnian remain under-served by NLP tools despite large speaker populations. This paper describes CLASSLA-Stanza, a fork of the Stanza neural pipeline from the CLASSLA knowledge centre, and documents how models for its 2.1 release were trained. The tool covers Slovenian, Croatian, Serbian, Bulgarian and Macedonian, with Internet-language variants for the first three. It handles tokenization, morphosyntactic tagging, lemmatization, dependency parsing, NER and semantic role labeling, though not every language has every task.

Key changes from Stanza include:
- rule-based tokenizers instead of learned ones,
- external inflectional lexicons,
- training on data beyond UD treebanks,
- handling of closed word classes,
- CLARIN.SI word embeddings built from large web crawls.

The authors report that CLASSLA-Stanza matches or beats Stanza on every task, and it adds languages and tasks Stanza lacks. A manual comparison on web text led to a new "web" mode that pairs the standard tokenizer with non-standard models. The paper is meant as the reference for future releases and for users training their own models.

## Key points
- **Tokenization:** Stanza's learned tokenizer is replaced by two rule-based tools that also split sentences. Obeliks handles standard Slovenian, and the ReLDI tokenizer handles non-standard Slovenian and all other languages.
- **Lexicon lookup:** Lemma lookup uses full XPOS (MULTEXT-East V6) tags rather than UPOS. For Slovenian, the lexicon also limits which tags the morphosyntactic tagger can predict.
- **Extra training data:** Standard Croatian tagging and lemmatization models use about 290 thousand additional manually annotated tokens. The dependency parser is trained on roughly 210 thousand tokens.
- **Task coverage gaps:** SRL is available only for Slovenian, since it relies on JOS dependencies. Macedonian has no dependency parsing or NER models.
- **Evaluation metrics:** Lemmatization, tagging (UPOS, XPOS, UFeats) and SRL are scored with micro F1. Parsing is scored with LAS.
- **Web mode:** Standard models misread non-standard forms, especially words missing diacritics. Non-standard models, in turn, segmented sentences worse. This motivated the combined "web" type.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

## Institutions

- [Jožef Stefan Institute](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/jozef-stefan-institute/) — Research institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia · 17 works · 2,165 citations
- [Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/jozef-stefan-international-postgraduate-school/) — University, Ljubljana, Slovenia · 11 works · 1,776 citations
- [University of Ljubljana](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-ljubljana/) — University, Ljubljana, Slovenia · 13 works · 38,693 citations
- [Institute of Contemporary History](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/institute-of-contemporary-history/) — Research institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia · 4 works · 32 citations

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## Cite

Cite as: Luka Ter\\vcon and Nikola Ljube\\vsic. 2023. CLASSLA-Stanza: The Next Step for Linguistic Processing of South Slavic Languages. arXiv:2308.04255.

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@misc{tervcon2023classla,
  title = {{CLASSLA-Stanza: The Next Step for Linguistic Processing of South Slavic Languages}},
  author = {Luka Tervcon and Nikola Ljubevsic},
  year = {2023},
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2308.04255},
  eprint = {2308.04255},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2308.04255}
}
```

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## References

35 references, 4 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

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18. Marta Bañón, Miquel Esplà-Gomis, Mikel L. Forcada, Cristian García-Romero, Taja Kuzman, Nikola Ljubešić, Rik van Noord, Leopoldo Pla Sempere, Gema Ramírez-Sánchez, Peter Rupnik, Vít Suchomel, Antonio Toral, Tobias van der Werff, and Jaume Zaragoza. MaCoCu: Massive collection and curation of monolin… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Marta+Ba%C3%B1%C3%B3n%2C+Miquel+Espl%C3%A0%2DGomis%2C+Mikel+L%2E+Forcada%2C+Cristian+Garc%C3%ADa%2DRomero%2C+Taja+Kuzman%2C+Nikola+Ljube%C5%A1ic%CC%81%2C+Rik+van+Noord%2C+Leopoldo+Pla+Sempere%2C+Gema+Ram%C3%ADrez%2DS%C3%A1nchez%2C+Peter+Rupnik%2C+V%C3%ADt+Suchomel%2C+Antonio)
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34. Kaja Dobrovoljc, Luka Terčon, and Nikola Ljubešić. Universal Dependencies za slovenščino: nadgradnja smernic, učnih podatkov in razčlenjevalnega modela [Universal Dependencies for Slovenian: An Upgrade to the Guidelines, Annotated Data and Parsing Model]. In Darja Fišer and Tomaž Erjavec, edito… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Kaja+Dobrovoljc%2C+Luka+Terc%CC%8Con%2C+and+Nikola+Ljube%C5%A1ic%CC%81%2E+Universal+Dependencies+za+sloven%C5%A1c%CC%8Cino%3A+nadgradnja+smernic%2C+uc%CC%8Cnih+podatkov+in+razc%CC%8Clenjevalnega+modela+%5BUniversal+Dependencies+for+Slovenian%3A+An+U)
35. Marta Bañón, Malina Chichirau, Miquel Esplà-Gomis, Mikel L. Forcada, Aarón Galiano-Jiménez, Cristian García-Romero, Taja Kuzman, Nikola Ljubešić, Rik van Noord, Leopoldo Pla Sempere, Gema Ramírez-Sánchez, Peter Rupnik, Vít Suchomel, Antonio Toral, and Jaume Zaragoza-Bernabeu. Slovene web corpus MaC… — [Trankit: A Light-Weight Transformer-based Toolkit for Multilingual Natural Language Processing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/nguyen-2021-trankit-light-weight-transformer-based/)

*Updated 31 October 2026*