---
title: "Co-speech gesture projection — paper by Tieu et al. (2017)"
description: "It compares three formal accounts. 37 references, cited by 5 papers here. Among them: 32."
authors: ["Lyn Tieu", "Robert Pasternak", "Philippe Schlenker", "Emmanuel Chemla"]
year: 2017
venue: "Glossa: a journal of general linguistics"
source: "https://www.glossa-journal.org/article/id/4964/"
doi: "10.5334/gjgl.334"
licence: "CC BY 4.0"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/tieu-2017-co-speech-gesture-projection-evidence/"
---
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# Co-speech gesture projection: Evidence from truth-value judgment and picture selection tasks

**Authors:** [Lyn Tieu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/lyn-tieu/), [Robert Pasternak](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/robert-pasternak/), [Philippe Schlenker](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/philippe-schlenker/) and [Emmanuel Chemla](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/emmanuel-chemla/) · **Year:** 2017 · **Venue:** [Glossa: a journal of general linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/glossa-a-journal-of-general-linguistics/) ([Glossa a journal of general linguistics 2017](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/glossa-a-journal-of-general-linguistics/2017/)) · **Publisher:** [Ubiquity Press](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/publishers/ubiquity-press/) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.334) · [PDF](https://www.glossa-journal.org/article/4964/galley/12421/download) · [DOI 10.5334/gjgl.334](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.334) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2774282548)

**Citations:** 32 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14) · [5](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/tieu-2017-co-speech-gesture-projection-evidence/cited-by/) in our library, of the 149,439 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
The paper asks how meaning carried by iconic co-speech gestures interacts with logical operators such as negation, modals and quantifiers. It compares three formal accounts. On the At-issue account, a gesture works like an explicit "like this" modifier. On the Supplemental account (Ebert & Ebert 2014), a gesture behaves like an appositive relative clause. On the Cosuppositional account (Schlenker), a gesture triggers a presupposition conditioned on the word it accompanies. The authors conducted two experiments: one took the form of a Truth Value Judgment Task, while the other was a Picture Selection Task. Both used UP and DOWN gestures produced with phrases like "use the stairs" across six sentence environments. A reading detection analysis then estimated which interpretations participants actually computed. The results show existential projection of gestural inferences under "each", "none" and "exactly one", plus some local accommodation. Participants also sometimes ignored the gestures. These patterns fit the Cosuppositional account combined with a projection theory like Beaver (2001), and they are hard to derive on the Supplemental view. The work treats gestures as semantic material that interacts with logical structure, much like verbal presuppositions.

## Key points
- **Environments tested:** six in total.
  - plain affirmative sentences
  - plain negative sentences
  - modal sentences with "might"
  - quantified sentences with "each", "none" and "exactly one"
- **Gestures:** UP and DOWN, aligned with verb phrases such as "use the stairs".
- **Method:** two experiments (one a Truth Value Judgment Task, the other a Picture Selection Task) analyzed with the reading detection method of Cremers & Chemla (2017). The supplementary files also include a slider task.
- **Main findings:**
  - Gestural inferences project existentially, not universally, from quantifier scope.
  - Some participants locally accommodated the inference, giving it partly at-issue behaviour.
  - Gestures could to some degree be disregarded.
- **Open puzzle:** classic verbal presupposition studies (Chemla 2009) found universal projection under "no(ne)". An earlier study by Tieu et al. (2016) found universal projection for these same gestures.

## Interesting ideas
- Instead of asking people directly which reading they prefer, the authors build items where competing readings predict different answers and infer the mix of readings statistically from the responses; this avoids relying on introspection.
- An implicit enrichment is paired with an explicit paraphrase ("like this") as a control, which separates asserted content from content that projects past negation.
- Content is modelled as a conditional backgrounded condition: if the event happens, it happens in this manner, so it survives negation without asserting that the event occurred.
- Pictures encode per-individual truth patterns (e.g., FFT vs FFF) to tell apart existential, universal and local readings under quantifiers.
- Two tasks are used because each format can mask certain behaviours, and the conclusions rest only on what converges across both.

## For Mova

How these ideas could serve Mova, our small open language model — its files, stages and tests:

- **I1** (learn): Evaluation sets could include items where each candidate parse or frame predicts a different answer, so the system's chosen interpretation can be inferred from its outputs rather than trusted.
- **I2** (frames): The implicature module could test manner and modifier content against explicit-paraphrase controls to decide whether it should be scoped under negation or treated as backgrounded.
- **I3** (world): Manner information attached to negated or modal events could be stored as a conditional property of a hypothetical event rather than as a fact about the world, preventing false holdings or states.
- **I4** (answer): Quantified QA items could be checked against small per-entity truth tables, revealing whether the reader applies a condition to all, some or only the satisfying individuals.
- **I5** (learn): Evaluating with at least two differently designed probes plus negative controls would help separate genuine model behaviour from artefacts of one test format.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

## Institutions

- [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/centre-national-de-la-recherche-scientifique/) — Research institute, Paris, France · 169 works · 62,488 citations
- [Macquarie University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/macquarie-university/) — University, Sydney, Australia · 44 works · 5,778 citations
- [Stony Brook University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/stony-brook-university/) — University, Stony Brook, United States · 46 works · 3,024 citations
- [École Normale Supérieure - PSL](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/ecole-normale-superieure-psl/) — Research institute, Paris, France · 23 works · 4,357 citations
- [Université Paris Sciences et Lettres](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universite-paris-sciences-et-lettres/) — University, Paris, France · 22 works · 3,290 citations
- [École des hautes études en sciences sociales](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/ecole-des-hautes-etudes-en-sciences-sociales/) — Research institute, Paris, France · 15 works · 2,302 citations
- [Institut Jean Nicod](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/institut-jean-nicod/) — Research institute, Paris, France · 11 works · 1,659 citations
- [Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/laboratoire-de-sciences-cognitives-et-psycholinguistique/) — Research institute, Paris, France · 7 works · 907 citations

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## Cite

Cite as: Lyn Tieu, Robert Pasternak, Philippe Schlenker and Emmanuel Chemla. 2017. Co-speech gesture projection: Evidence from truth-value judgment and picture selection tasks. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics.

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@article{tieu2017co,
  title = {{Co-speech gesture projection: Evidence from truth-value judgment and picture selection tasks}},
  author = {Lyn Tieu, Robert Pasternak, Philippe Schlenker and Emmanuel Chemla},
  journal = {Glossa: a journal of general linguistics},
  year = {2017},
  doi = {10.5334/gjgl.334},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.334}
}
```

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## References

37 references, 3 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

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34. How to cite this article: Tieu, Lyn, Robert Pasternak, Philippe Schlenker and Emmanuel Chemla. 2017. [Co-speech gesture projection: Evidence from truth-value judgment and picture selection tasks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/tieu-2017-co-speech-gesture-projection-evidence/). Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 2(1): 102. 1–27, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.334 [↗](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.334)
35. Submitted: 20 January 2017 [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Submitted%3A+20+January+2017)
36. Published: 04 December 2017 [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Published%3A+04+December+2017)
37. Copyright: © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Glossa: a journal of general linguistics is a peer-reviewed open access journal published by Ubiquity Press. OPEN ACCESS [↗](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

*Updated 2 November 2026*