---
title: "Mapping Discourse Reframing — paper by Viola (2026)"
description: "Viola proposes a two-layer framework built on hashtag co-occurrence networks, applied to Italian-language posts on X about… 44 references."
authors: ["Lorella Viola"]
year: 2026
venue: "Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Information Disorder (InDor) @ LREC 2026"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/2026.indor-1.12/"
doi: "10.63317/3ta4stb52s7k"
licence: "CC BY-NC 4.0 (ELRA, LREC proceedings)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/viola-2026-mapping-discourse-reframing-multi-layer/"
---
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# Mapping Discourse Reframing: A Multi-Layer Network Approach to Italian HPV Vaccine Discourse on X (2010-2024)

**Authors:** Lorella Viola · **Year:** 2026 · **Venue:** [Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Information Disorder (InDor) @ LREC 2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/indor/) ([Workshop on Information Disorder (InDor) @ LREC 2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/indor/2026/)) · **Publisher:** [European Language Resources Association (ELRA)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/publishers/european-language-resources-association-elra/) · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC 4.0 (ELRA, LREC proceedings)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2026.indor-1.12/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2026.indor-1.12.pdf) · [DOI 10.63317/3ta4stb52s7k](https://doi.org/10.63317/3ta4stb52s7k) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W7166511789)

**Citations:** 0 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14)

## Summary
The paper addresses a known weakness of network-based studies of online misinformation. Early skeptical or conspiratorial narratives tend to be rare and scattered, so conservative graph filtering often deletes them before they can be studied. Viola proposes a two-layer framework built on hashtag co-occurrence networks, applied to Italian-language posts on X about the HPV vaccine from 2010 to 2024, split into three epochs.

- A conservative "core" layer is used for community detection and reveals the stable thematic coalitions.
- A permissive "coverage" layer keeps the low-frequency long tail.
- Fringe hashtags are then assigned to core coalitions according to their weighted connections.

When checked against seed tweets that were hand-annotated as expressing skepticism or conspiracy beliefs, the projection retrieves many more problematic long-tail hashtags without making the coalition structure harder to read. Over time, skepticism moves from the periphery to a dominant core, and the HPV debate is reframed as a political and conspiratorial conflict. The method gives a reusable way to spot emerging information disorder before it becomes structurally prominent.

## Key points
- **Data:** X posts retrieved via #HPV, #Gardasil, #papillomavirus and #papilloma, filtered with lang=it plus a post-hoc language check. The posts span three epochs: 2010–2014, 2015–2019 and 2020–2024.
- **Layers:** the core layer uses k-core ≥ 2 filtering, and the coverage layer keeps every edge with count ≥ 1. The pipeline adds cross-epoch community matching and augmented projection with explicit support scores.
- **Validation:** seed-based enrichment is normalised by community size. In 2020–2024, seed markers concentrate in a few coherent communities rather than spreading across the whole network.
- **Trajectory:** in the first epoch, institutional and prevention discourse forms the core. In the second, controversy coalitions mature and compete with it. In the third, the information-disorder coalition becomes dominant, while institutional discourse loses its structural centrality.
- **Limitations:** results depend on X API constraints, on hashtag-only signals and on parameter choices. Seed selection may introduce bias, and no inter-coder agreement has been reported yet.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

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🧭 Topics (1): [🧵 Discourse analysis](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/discourse-analysis/) · 466 works

## Cite

Cite as: Lorella Viola. 2026. Mapping Discourse Reframing: A Multi-Layer Network Approach to Italian HPV Vaccine Discourse on X (2010-2024). Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Information Disorder (InDor) @ LREC 2026.

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{viola2026mapping,
  title = {{Mapping Discourse Reframing: A Multi-Layer Network Approach to Italian HPV Vaccine Discourse on X (2010-2024)}},
  author = {Lorella Viola},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Information Disorder (InDor) @ LREC 2026},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.63317/3ta4stb52s7k},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.63317/3ta4stb52s7k}
}
```

- [← previous Map-of-Actions: Deliberate Reasoning over Multi-Labeled Graphs](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ni-2026-map-actions-deliberate-reasoning-over/)
- [next → Mapping Liberty Metaphors across Cultures and Time](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/suen-2026-mapping-liberty-metaphors-across-cultures/)
- [↑ back to papers of 2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2026/page/35/)

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*Updated 1 November 2026*