---
title: "CoVoST 2 and Massively Multilingual Speech-to-Text Translation"
description: "Speech-to-text translation (ST) research has relied on benchmarks such as MuST-C, Europarl-ST… 22 references, cited by 98 papers here."
authors: ["Changhan Wang", "Anne Wu", "Juan Pino"]
year: 2020
venue: "arXiv:2007.10310"
source: "https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.10310"
doi: "10.48550/arxiv.2007.10310"
arxiv: "2007.10310"
licence: "arXiv — non-exclusive license to distribute"
licence_url: "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wang-2020-covost-2-massively-multilingual-speech/"
---
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# CoVoST 2 and Massively Multilingual Speech-to-Text Translation

**Authors:** [Changhan Wang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/changhan-wang/), [Anne Wu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/anne-wu/) and [Juan Pino](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/juan-pino/) · **Year:** 2020 · **Venue:** arXiv:2007.10310 · **Licence:** [arXiv — non-exclusive license to distribute](http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.10310) · [PDF](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.10310) · [DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2007.10310](https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2007.10310) · [arXiv 2007.10310](https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.10310) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W3054645415)

**Citations:** 43 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14) · [98](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wang-2020-covost-2-massively-multilingual-speech/cited-by/) in our library, of the 149,439 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
Speech-to-text translation (ST) research has relied on benchmarks such as MuST-C, Europarl-ST and the original CoVoST. These cover few languages and are mostly European and high-resource. CoVoST 2 tackles this gap. It extends CoVoST, which is built on Mozilla's Common Voice recordings, into a corpus with 21 source languages translated into English and English translated into 15 target languages. Professional translators produced the translations. The authors filtered them with three checks: language-model perplexity (Transformer models trained on OSCAR text), LASER similarity scores and a length-ratio heuristic. Suspicious outputs were reviewed by hand and re-translated where needed. The authors also defined new "CoVoST splits" that reuse recordings Common Voice had discarded, while keeping speakers separate across splits. They trained baselines in fairseq for ASR, MT, cascaded ST and end-to-end ST, in bilingual and multilingual settings. Quality depends strongly on how much training data each language pair has. Multilingual training and data from the reverse direction both look useful for low-resource pairs. The corpus is released under CC0, making it the largest open ST resource at the time.

## Key points
- Corpus size: total speech duration grows from about 700 hours in CoVoST to 2,880 hours in CoVoST 2. Speaker count rises from roughly 11K to 78K, spread over 66 accent groups.
- CoVoST splits: these raise data utilization from 44.2% (1,273 h) to 78.8% (2,270 h). Training uses the CoVoST train split, and evaluation uses the original Common Voice dev/test splits.
- Model architecture: ASR and ST share a Transformer with 12 encoder and 6 decoder layers plus a convolutional downsampler. Multilingual decoding is steered by a target-language ID token.
- Training setup: ST and non-English ASR encoders are pre-trained from English or multilingual ASR. Multilingual settings are All→En, En→All and All→All.
- Resource gap: monolingual ASR WER is about 18 for French but around 81 for Tamil, which shows how much results depend on data volume. Recipes and data are public on GitHub (fairseq, facebookresearch/covost).

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

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## Cite

Cite as: Changhan Wang, Anne Wu and Juan Pino. 2020. CoVoST 2 and Massively Multilingual Speech-to-Text Translation. arXiv:2007.10310.

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@misc{wang2020covost,
  title = {{CoVoST 2 and Massively Multilingual Speech-to-Text Translation}},
  author = {Changhan Wang, Anne Wu and Juan Pino},
  year = {2020},
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2007.10310},
  eprint = {2007.10310},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2007.10310}
}
```

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## References

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*Updated 2 November 2026*