---
title: "Mova: tokens → tree — papers it applies, page 2"
description: "52 papers Mova applies at the stage «tokens → tree»: Building the Universal Dependencies tree: the transition parser, the treebanks, the grammars of…"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/projects/mova/tree/page/2/"
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Mova · papers by stage

# tokens → tree

Building the Universal Dependencies tree: the transition parser, the treebanks, the grammars of English as rule sources. The 52 works of [Mova](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/)'s own list that this stage uses · page 2 of 3; measured marks a work whose effect Mova measured in its own experiments (3 here). Each title opens our card: the summary, how Mova uses the work, its references and who cites it. What the stage does is on [Mova's pipeline page](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/); every stage is on [the main list](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/projects/mova/main/).

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- [All Roads Lead to UD: Converting Stanford and Penn Parses to English Universal Dependencies with Multilayer Annotations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/peng-2018-all-roads-lead-ud-converting/) Siyao Peng, Amir Zeldes · 2018 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/coordination-structure.md` — cited for the observation that moving `cc` onto the following conjunct is the main source of non-projectivity in GUM after conversion; the seed's rules check that `conj` points…
- [The BEA-2019 Shared Task on Grammatical Error Correction](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bryant-2019-bea-2019-shared-task-grammatical/) Christopher Bryant et al. · 2019 **What Mova took:** en/seeds/errors/errant-taxonomy.md: the table of the most frequent edit types in W&I+LOCNESS, FCE and NUCLE comes from this paper, and is used to prioritise which error types get deterministic rules; its finding that GEC systems…
- [Estimating POS Annotation Consistency of Different Treebanks in a Language](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aggarwal-2020-estimating-pos-annotation-consistency-different/) Akshay Aggarwal, Daniel Zeman · 2020 **What Mova took:** Summarised as one of five methods for detecting annotation errors automatically in the seed en/seeds/errors/consistency-detection-methods.md, which guides how the grammar expert system (en/src/expert.rs) and its rules are…
- [Classifying Syntactic Errors in Learner Language](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/choshen-2020-classifying-syntactic-errors-learner-language/) Leshem Choshen, Dmitry Nikolaev, Yevgeni Berzak, Omri Abend · 2020 **What Mova took:** en/seeds/errors/errant-taxonomy.md: cited as the complement to ERRANT — SERCL classifies syntactically a large share of what ERRANT leaves as OTHER, and supports Mova's view that error types with a trace in the UD tree can be…
- [Identifying and Handling Cross-Treebank Inconsistencies in UD: A Pilot Study](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/donicke-2020-identifying-handling-cross-treebank-inconsistencies/) Tillmann Dönicke, Xiang Yu, Jonas Kuhn · 2020 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/consistency-detection-methods.md`: the arc-direction (MBD) method is listed as one of five ways to find annotation errors automatically. Mova adopted its logic as a family of direction rules: `flat` and `conj` go…
- [BLiMP: The Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs for English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/warstadt-2020-blimp-benchmark-linguistic-minimal-pairs/) Alex Warstadt et al. · 2020 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/attraction-of-phrase.md` — the rules `en.errors.attraction-of` and `en.errors.attraction-of-auxcop` flag agreement attraction through an of-phrase (A pattern of arrests indicate…), excluding quantity nouns…
- [Universal Dependencies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/demarneffe-2021-universal-dependencies/) Marie-Catherine de Marneffe et al. · 2021 **What Mova took:** en/seeds/errors/numbered-entities-nummod.md: cited in the history of conventions for numbers after a noun ("page 394", "Route 66"): the article recommended `nmod`, while the current UD guideline uses `flat`; the rule card…
- [Coordinate Constructions in English Enhanced Universal Dependencies: Analysis and Computational Modeling](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/grunewald-2021-coordinate-constructions-english-enhanced-universal/) Stefan Grünewald, Prisca Piccirilli, Annemarie Friedrich · 2021 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/coordination-structure.md`: cited in the seed on UD v2 coordination (the first conjunct is the head, and `cc` attaches to the following conjunct) for the observation that the Enhanced UD converter fails…
- [Minor changes make a difference: a case study on the consistency of UD-based dependency parsers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kalpakchi-2021-minor-changes-make-difference-case/) Dmytro Kalpakchi, Johan Boye · 2021 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/consistency-detection-methods.md` — listed as method 5 ("robustness to small changes") among automatic ways to find annotation errors: places where the parse flips under a trivial substitution are candidates for…
- [Mischievous nominal constructions in Universal Dependencies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/schneider-2021-mischievous-nominal-constructions-universal-dependencies/) Nathan Schneider, Amir Zeldes · 2021 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/titles-and-company-suffixes.md`: rule `en.errors.title-desc` for the English grammar expert system (`en/src/expert.rs`) — titles before names and company suffixes (Inc., Corp., Ltd.) should be `nmod:desc`; the…
- [A Dependency Treebank of Spoken Second Language English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kyle-2022-dependency-treebank-spoken-second-language/) Kristopher Kyle et al. · 2022 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/literal-annotation-learner.md` — cited as evidence that learner language needs in-domain data (a little L2 data lifts LAS from 0.876 to 0.935), in the note establishing that Mova annotates erroneous text…
- [Conjunct Lengths in English, Dependency Length Minimization, and Dependency Structure of Coordination](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/przepiorkowski-2023-conjunct-lengths-english-dependency-length/) Adam Przepiórkowski, Michał Woźniak · 2023 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/coordination-structure.md` — cited in the seed on UD coordination as a caveat: UD's structure is asymmetric (the first conjunct is the head), and this paper shows such asymmetric models fail to explain…
- [Subject-verb agreement with Seq2Seq transformers: Bigger is better, but still not best](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wilson-2023-subject-verb-agreement-seq2seq-transformers/) Michael Wilson, Zhenghao Zhou, Robert Frank · 2023 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/plural-subject-singular-verb.md` (rule `en.errors.plural-subject-vbz`) and `en/seeds/errors/singular-subject-plural-verb.md` (rule `en.errors.singular-subject-vbp`): agreement rules of the English grammar expert…
- [Assessing the influence of attractor-verb distance on grammatical agreement in humans and language models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zacharopoulos-2023-assessing-influence-attractor-verb-distance/) Christos Zacharopoulos, Théo Desbordes, Mathias Sablé-Meyer · 2023 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/attraction-of-phrase.md`: rule `en.errors.attraction-of` in the English grammar expert system (`en/src/expert.rs`) — a singular head noun with a plural of-phrase followed by a plural verb…
- [Are UD Treebanks Getting More Consistent? A Report Card for English UD](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zeldes-2023-are-ud-treebanks-getting-more/) Amir Zeldes, Nathan Schneider · 2023 **What Mova took:** `english-treebank-conventions.md`: divergences between EWT and GUM are treated as conventions, not rule errors; a much higher violation count on GUM than on EWT signals a convention difference.
- [«Are you Afraid of Ghosts?» A Proposal for Busting Predicate Ellipsis in Universal Dependencies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/corbetta-2025-guillemotleftare-you-afraid-ghosts-guillemotright/) Claudia Corbetta, Federica Iurescia, Marco Carlo Passarotti · 2025 **What Mova took:** en/seeds/errors/gapping-orphan.md: rule `en.errors.orphan-head` — in gapping ("Marie went to Paris and Miriam to Prague") an `orphan` must hang on the promoted remnant (a conjunct, root, `advcl` or `parataxis`); otherwise the…
- [Syntax of referents of relative markers: Evidence from a corpus of learner English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/czerniak-2025-syntax-referents-relative-markers-evidence/) Izabela Czerniak, Debopam Das · 2025 **What Mova took:** en/seeds/errors/relative-pronoun-in-clause.md: cited as background on antecedent functions for rule `en.errors.relpron-inside-clause` — a relative pronoun must be a member of the relative clause (`nsubj`, `obj`, `obl`…) under its…
- [ICLE-RC: International Corpus of Learner English for Relative Clauses](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/das-2025-icle-rc-international-corpus-learner/) Debopam Das, Izabela Czerniak, Peter Bourgonje · 2025 **What Mova took:** en/seeds/errors/relative-pronoun-in-clause.md: cited for the inventory of relative markers (that, wh-forms, zero) and for the observation that learners also use that in non-restrictive relatives; supports rule…
- [Negation in Universal Dependencies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/findlay-2025-negation-universal-dependencies/) Jamie Yates Findlay, Dag Trygve Truslew Haug · 2025 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/negation-not.md`: grounds the error rule `en.errors.not-part` (not/n't must be PART, XPOS RB, Polarity=Neg; the old `neg` relation no longer exists). The paper's observation that EWT lacked Polarity=Neg in UD…
- [Assessing the Agreement Competence of Large Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/garcia-2025-assessing-agreement-competence-large-language/) Alba Táboas García, Leo Wanner · 2025 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/attraction-of-phrase.md`: cited as evidence that attractor constructions are the hardest for LLMs. This motivates the warning rules `en.errors.attraction-of` and `en.errors.attraction-of-auxcop`, which flag a…
- [LLM Dependency Parsing with In-Context Rules](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ginn-2025-llm-dependency-parsing-context-rules/) Michael Ginn, Alexis Palmer · 2025 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/llm-annotator-failure-modes.md`: one of the sources for the catalogue of typical errors LLM annotators make in UD. The paper backs item 6: LLM-generated rules tend to be too narrow…
- [Targeted Syntactic Evaluation for Grammatical Error Correction](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/koyama-2025-targeted-syntactic-evaluation-grammatical-error/) Aomi Koyama et al. · 2025 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/errant-taxonomy.md` — cited alongside ERRANT as a finer-grained, CEFR-ordered view of error types (verb tense split into 15 subtypes).
- [Annotating Second Language in Universal Dependencies: a Review of Current Practices and Directions for Harmonized Guidelines](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/masciolini-2025-annotating-second-language-universal-dependencies/) Arianna Masciolini et al. · 2025 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/overregularized-verbs.md` — source of the rule `en.errors.overregularized-typo`: over-regularised forms (goed, buyed) are kept as written, with Typo=Yes, the lemma and tag of the intended word and the correct…
- [Step-by-step Instructions and a Simple Tabular Output Format Improve the Dependency Parsing Accuracy of LLMs](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/matsuda-2025-step-step-instructions-simple-tabular/) Hiroshi Matsuda, Chunpeng Ma, Masayuki Asahara · 2025 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/llm-annotator-failure-modes.md` — cited as evidence in the catalogue of typical LLM annotation failures: formal errors (cycles are rare) and what helps (the UPOS → head → relation step order and tabular output).
- [Collocational bootstrapping: A hypothesis about the learning of subject-verb agreement in humans and neural networks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hobbs-2026-collocational-bootstrapping-hypothesis-about-learning/) Claire Hobbs, R. Thomas McCoy · 2026 **What Mova took:** `en/seeds/errors/singular-subject-plural-verb.md`: cited in the seed for the warning rules `en.errors.singular-subject-vbp` and `en.errors.singular-subject-vbp-auxcop`…

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