---
title: "Machine translation — papers, page 2"
description: "Machine translation in plain words, from rules to neural networks, Mova's deterministic translator through a meta-world, and our cards of the papers on MT."
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---
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# Machine translation · page 2

326 paper cards from the Research library · page 2 of 4

## The papers (326)

Cards with a measured or kept idea first, then by citations.

Pages: [1](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/) · **2** · [3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/page/3/) · [4](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/page/4/)

1. [Why Synchronous Tree Substitution Grammars?](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/maletti-2010-why-synchronous-tree-substitution-grammars/) *— [Andreas Maletti](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/andreas-maletti/), 2010 · 25 citations*
2. [Rapid prototyping of a transfer-based Hebrew-to-English machine translation system](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lavie-2004-rapid-prototyping-transfer-based-hebrew/) *— [Alon Lavie](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alon-lavie/), [Erik Peterson](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/erik-peterson/), [Katharina Probst](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/katharina-probst/), [Shuly Wintner](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/shuly-wintner/) et al., 2004 · 25 citations*
3. [Creating a Universal Networking Language Module within an Advanced NLP System](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/boguslavsky-2000-creating-universal-networking-language-module/) *— Igor Boguslavsky, Nadezhda Frid, Leonid Iomdin, Leonid Kreidlin et al., 2000 · 25 citations*
4. [Structural Non-Correspondence in Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sadler-1991-structural-non-correspondence-translation/) *— [Louisa Sadler](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/louisa-sadler/), Henry S. Thompson, 1991 · 25 citations*
5. [Implementation and Conversational Environment of ARIANE 78.4, An Integrated System for Automated Translation and Human Revision](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/boitet-1982-implementation-conversational-environment-ariane-78/) *— Ch. Boitet, P. Guillaume, M. Quezel-Ambrunaz, 1982 · 25 citations*
6. [Evaluating the Evaluation Metrics for Style Transfer: A Case Study in Multilingual Formality Transfer](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/briakou-2021-evaluating-evaluation-metrics-style-transfer/) *— Eleftheria Briakou, Sweta Agrawal, [Joel Tetreault](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/joel-tetreault/), Marine Carpuat, 2021 · 24 citations*
7. [Handling Syntactic Divergence in Low-resource Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhou-2019-handling-syntactic-divergence-low-resource/) *— Chunting Zhou, Xuezhe Ma, Junjie Hu, Graham Neubig, 2019 · 24 citations*
8. [Reversible Unification Based Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/noord-1990-reversible-unification-based-machine-translation/) *— van Noord, Gertjan, 1990 · 23 citations*
9. [Towards a Decomposable Metric for Explainable Evaluation of Text Generation from AMR](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/opitz-2021-decomposable-metric-explainable-evaluation-text/) *— [Juri Opitz](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/juri-opitz/), [Anette Frank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/anette-frank/), 2021 · 22 citations*
10. [Flexible finite-state lexical selection for rule-based machine translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/tyers-2012-flexible-finite-state-lexical-selection/) *— [Francis M. Tyers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/francis-m-tyers/), [Felipe Sánchez-Martínez](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/felipe-sanchez-martinez/), [Mikel L. Forcada](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mikel-l-forcada/), 2012 · 22 citations*
11. [The Apertium machine translation platform: Five years on](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/forcada-2009-apertium-machine-translation-platform-five/) *— [Mikel L. Forcada](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mikel-l-forcada/), [Francis M. Tyers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/francis-m-tyers/), [Gema Ramírez-Sánchez](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/gema-ramirez-sanchez/), 2009 · 22 citations*
12. [Weisfeiler-Leman in the Bamboo: Novel AMR Graph Metrics and a Benchmark for AMR Graph Similarity](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/opitz-2021-weisfeiler-leman-bamboo-novel-amr/) *— [Juri Opitz](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/juri-opitz/), Angel Daza, [Anette Frank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/anette-frank/), 2021 · 21 citations*
13. [Morphological Word Embeddings for Arabic Neural Machine Translation in Low-Resource Settings](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2018-shapiro-morphological-word-embeddings-arabic-neural/) *— Pamela Shapiro, [Kevin Duh](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kevin-duh/), 2018 · 21 citations*
14. [The Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) Framework: a new framework for translation quality assessment](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mariana-2015-multidimensional-quality-metrics-mqm-framework/) *— Valerie Mariana, Troy Cox, Alan Melby, 2015 · 21 citations*
15. [Feature-Rich Translation by Quasi-Synchronous Lattice Parsing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gimpel-2009-feature-rich-translation-quasi-synchronous/) *— [Kevin Gimpel](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kevin-gimpel/), [Noah A. Smith](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/noah-a-smith/), 2009 · 21 citations*
16. [Opentrad Apertium Open-Source Machine Translation System: an Opportunity for Business and Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sanchez-2006-opentrad-apertium-open-source-machine/) *— [Gema Ramirez-Sánchez](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/gema-ramirez-sanchez/), 2006 · 20 citations*
17. [Translation of "It" in a Deep Syntax Framework](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/novak-2013-translation-it-deep-syntax-framework/) *— [Michal Novák](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/michal-novak/), [Anna Nedoluzhko](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/anna-nedoluzhko/), [Zdeněk Žabokrtský](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/zdenek-zabokrtsku/), 2013 · 19 citations*
18. [Unsupervised Morphology Rivals Supervised Morphology for Arabic MT](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2012-stallard-unsupervised-morphology-rivals-supervised-morphology/) *— David Stallard, Jacob Devlin, Michael Kayser, Yoong Keok Lee et al., 2012 · 19 citations*
19. [Balancing Expressiveness and Simplicity in an Interlingua for Task Based Dialogue](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/levin-2002-balancing-expressiveness-simplicity-interlingua-task/) *— [Lori Levin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/lori-levin/), Donna Gates, Dorcas Pianta, Roldano Cattoni et al., 2002 · 19 citations*
20. [Hidden Markov Tree Model in Dependency-based Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zabokrtsky-2009-hidden-markov-tree-model-dependency/) *— [Zdeněk Žabokrtský](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/zdenek-zabokrtsku/), [Martin Popel](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martin-popel/), 2009 · 18 citations*
21. [Topological Ordering of Function Words in Hierarchical Phrase-based Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/setiawan-2009-topological-ordering-function-words-hierarchical/) *— Hendra Setiawan, Min-Yen Kan, Haizhou Li, Philip Resnik, 2009 · 18 citations*
22. [Capturing Translational Divergences with a Statistical Tree-to-Tree Aligner](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hearne-2007-capturing-translational-divergences-statistical-tree/) *— Mary Hearne, John Tinsley, Ventsislav Zhechev, Andy Way, 2007 · 18 citations*
23. [Underspecified Universal Dependency Structures as Inputs for Multilingual Surface Realisation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mille-2018-underspecified-universal-dependency-structures-as/) *— [Simon Mille](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/simon-mille/), [Anja Belz](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/anja-belz/), [Bernd Bohnet](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bernd-bohnet/), [Leo Wanner](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/leo-wanner/), 2018 · 17 citations*
24. [From Shakespeare to Twitter: What are Language Styles all about?](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/xu-2017-shakespeare-twitter-what-are-language/) *— [Wei Xu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/wei-xu/), 2017 · 17 citations*
25. [RED: A Reference Dependency Based MT Evaluation Metric](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/yu-2014-red-reference-dependency-based-mt/) *— Hui Yu, Xiaofeng Wu, Jun Xie, [Wenbin Jiang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/wenbin-jiang/) et al., 2014 · 17 citations*
26. [Research methods and system designs in machine translation: a ten-year review, 1984-1994](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hutchins-1994-research-methods-system-designs-machine/) *— [John Hutchins](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/john-hutchins/), 1994 · 17 citations*
27. [Capturing Language-Specific Semantic Distinctions in Interlingua-based MT](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/barnett-1991-capturing-language-specific-semantic-distinctions/) *— [James Barnett](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/james-barnett/), [Inderjeet Mani](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/inderjeet-mani/), [Elaine Rich](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/elaine-rich/), Chinatsu Aone et al., 1991 · 17 citations*
28. [On Knowledge-Based Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/nirenburg-1986-knowledge-based-machine-translation/) *— [Sergei Nirenburg](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/sergei-nirenburg/), Victor Raskin, Allen Tucker, 1986 · 17 citations*
29. [Factorising AMR generation through syntax](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cao-2019-factorising-amr-generation-through-syntax/) *— Kris Cao, [Stephen Clark](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/stephen-clark/), 2019 · 16 citations*
30. [Generation from Lexical Conceptual Structures](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/traum-2000-generation-lexical-conceptual-structures/) *— David Traum, [Nizar Habash](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nizar-habash/), 2000 · 16 citations*
31. [Multi-lingual Sentence Generation from the PIVOT interlingua](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/okumura-1991-multi-lingual-sentence-generation-pivot/) *— Akitoshi Okumura, Kazunori Muraki, Susumu Akamine, 1991 · 16 citations*
32. [Formemes in English-Czech Deep Syntactic MT](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/dusek-2012-formemes-english-czech-deep-syntactic/) *— Ondřej Dušek, [Zdeněk Žabokrtský](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/zdenek-zabokrtsku/), [Martin Popel](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martin-popel/), Martin Majliš et al., 2012 · 15 citations*
33. [Generating Non-Projective Word Order in Statistical Linearization](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bohnet-2012-generating-non-projective-word-order/) *— [Bernd Bohnet](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bernd-bohnet/), [Anders Björkelund](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/anders-bjorkelund/), [Jonas Kuhn](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jonas-kuhn/), [Wolfgang Seeker](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/wolfgang-seeker/) et al., 2012 · 15 citations*
34. [Interlingua for Multilingual Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/uchida-1993-interlingua-multilingual-machine-translation/) *— Hiroshi Uchida, Meiying Zhu, 1993 · 15 citations*
35. [Transfer and MT Modularity](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/isabelle-1986-transfer-mt-modularity/) *— [Pierre Isabelle](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/pierre-isabelle/), Elliott Macklovitch, 1986 · 15 citations*
36. [Designing a Symbolic Intermediate Representation for Neural Surface Realization](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/elder-2019-designing-symbolic-intermediate-representation-neural/) *— [Henry Elder](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/henry-elder/), [Jennifer Foster](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jennifer-foster/), James Barry, [Alexander O'Connor](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alexander-o-connor/), 2019 · 14 citations*
37. [Neural Arabic Text Diacritization: State of the Art Results and a Novel Approach for Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2019-fadel-neural-arabic-text-diacritization-state/) *— Ali Fadel, Ibraheem Tuffaha, Bara' Al-Jawarneh, Mahmoud Al-Ayyoub, 2019 · 14 citations*
38. [The Parallel Meaning Bank: Towards a Multilingual Corpus of Translations Annotated with Compositional Meaning Representations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/abzianidze-2017-parallel-meaning-bank-multilingual-corpus/) *— [Lasha Abzianidze](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/lasha-abzianidze/), Johannes Bjerva, Kilian Evang, [Hessel Haagsma](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/hessel-haagsma/) et al., 2017 · 14 citations*
39. [The Bible in Afrikaans: A direct translation – A new type of church Bible](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/merwe-2012-bible-afrikaans-direct-translation-new/) *— [Christo H.J. van der Merwe](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/christo-h-j-van-der-merwe/), 2012 · 14 citations*
40. [Towards Generating Text from Discourse Representation Structures](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/basile-2011-generating-text-discourse-representation-structures/) *— Valerio Basile, [Johan Bos](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/johan-bos/), 2011 · 14 citations*
41. [Machine-learned contexts for linguistic operations in German sentence realization](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gamon-2002-machine-learned-contexts-linguistic-operations/) *— [Michael Gamon](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/michael-gamon/), [Eric Ringger](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/eric-ringger/), Simon Corston-Oliver, Robert Moore, 2002 · 14 citations*
42. [A Survey of Machine Translation: Its History, Current Status and Future Prospects](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/slocum-1985-survey-machine-translation-its-history/) *— Jonathan Slocum, 1985 · 14 citations*
43. [Abstract Syntax as Interlingua: Scaling Up the Grammatical Framework from Controlled Languages to Robust Pipelines](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ranta-2020-abstract-syntax-as-interlingua-scaling/) *— [Aarne Ranta](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aarne-ranta/), [Krasimir Angelov](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/krasimir-angelov/), [Normunds Gruzitis](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/normunds-gruzitis/), [Prasanth Kolachina](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/prasanth-kolachina/), 2020 · 13 citations*
44. [Leveraging Rule-Based Machine Translation Knowledge for Under-Resourced Neural Machine Translation Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/torregrosa-2019-leveraging-rule-based-machine-translation/) *— Daniel Torregrosa, Nivranshu Pasricha, Maraim Masoud, Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi et al., 2019 · 13 citations*
45. [A Structured Syntax-Semantics Interface for English-AMR Alignment](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/szubert-2018-structured-syntax-semantics-interface-english/) *— [Ida Szubert](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ida-szubert/), [Adam Lopez](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/adam-lopez/), [Nathan Schneider](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nathan-schneider/), 2018 · 13 citations*
46. [BinLin: A Simple Method of Dependency Tree Linearization](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/puzikov-2018-binlin-simple-method-dependency-tree/) *— Yevgeniy Puzikov, [Iryna Gurevych](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/iryna-gurevych/), 2018 · 13 citations*
47. [Fixing Translation Divergences in Parallel Corpora for Neural MT](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pham-2018-fixing-translation-divergences-parallel-corpora/) *— MinhQuang Pham, Josep Crego, Jean Senellart, [François Yvon](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/francois-yvon/), 2018 · 13 citations*
48. [Challenging Language-Dependent Segmentation for Arabic: An Application to Machine Translation and Part-of-Speech Tagging](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2017-sajjad-challenging-language-dependent-segmentation-arabic/) *— Hassan Sajjad, Fahim Dalvi, [Nadir Durrani](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nadir-durrani/), [Ahmed Abdelali](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ahmed-abdelali/) et al., 2017 · 13 citations*
49. [RIGOTRIO at SemEval-2017 Task 9: Combining Machine Learning and Grammar Engineering for AMR Parsing and Generation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gruzitis-2017-rigotrio-semeval-2017-task-9/) *— [Normunds Gruzitis](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/normunds-gruzitis/), Didzis Gosko, Guntis Barzdins, 2017 · 13 citations*
50. [Unsupervised AMR-Dependency Parse Alignment](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chen-2017-unsupervised-amr-dependency-parse-alignment/) *— Wei-Te Chen, [Martha Palmer](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martha-palmer/), 2017 · 13 citations*
51. [Tools for Multilingual Grammar-Based Translation on the Web](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ranta-2010-tools-multilingual-grammar-based-translation/) *— [Aarne Ranta](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aarne-ranta/), [Krasimir Angelov](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/krasimir-angelov/), [Thomas Hallgren](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/thomas-hallgren/), 2010 · 13 citations*
52. [A More Precise Analysis of Punctuation for Broad-Coverage Surface Realization with CCG](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/white-2008-more-precise-analysis-punctuation-broad/) *— [Michael White](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/michael-white/), [Rajakrishnan Rajkumar](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/rajakrishnan-rajkumar/), 2008 · 13 citations*
53. [Syntactic Models for Structural Word Insertion and Deletion during Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/menezes-2008-syntactic-models-structural-word-insertion/) *— [Arul Menezes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/arul-menezes/), [Chris Quirk](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/chris-quirk/), 2008 · 13 citations*
54. [UNL-French deconversion as transfer & generation from an interlingua with possible quality enhancement through offline human interaction](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/serasset-1999-unl-french-deconversion-as-transfer/) *— Gilles Sérasset, [Christian Boitet](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/christian-boitet/), 1999 · 13 citations*
55. [Inherently Reversible Grammars, Logic Programming and Computability](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/dymetman-1991-inherently-reversible-grammars-logic-programming/) *— Marc Dymetman, 1991 · 13 citations*
56. [Idioms in the Rosetta Machine Translation System](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/schenk-1986-idioms-rosetta-machine-translation-system/) *— Andre Schenk, 1986 · 13 citations*
57. [Results of WMT22 Metrics Shared Task: Stop Using BLEU – Neural Metrics Are Better and More Robust](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/freitag-2022-results-wmt22-metrics-shared-task/) *— [Markus Freitag](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/markus-freitag/), [Ricardo Rei](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ricardo-rei/), [Nitika Mathur](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nitika-mathur/), [Chi-kiu Lo](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/chi-kiu-lo/) et al., 2022 · 12 citations*
58. [Creating a Translation Matrix of the Bible's Names Across 591 Languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wu-2018-creating-translation-matrix-bible-s/) *— [Winston Wu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/winston-wu/), Nidhi Vyas, [David Yarowsky](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/david-yarowsky/), 2018 · 12 citations*
59. [Alto: Rapid Prototyping for Parsing and Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gontrum-2017-alto-rapid-prototyping-parsing-translation/) *— Johannes Gontrum, Jonas Groschwitz, [Alexander Koller](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alexander-koller/), [Christoph Teichmann](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/christoph-teichmann/), 2017 · 12 citations*
60. [Automatic MT Error Analysis: Hjerson Helping Addicter](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/berka-2012-automatic-mt-error-analysis-hjerson/) *— Jan Berka, [Ondřej Bojar](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ondrej-bojar/), [Mark Fishel](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mark-fishel/), [Maja Popović](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/maja-popovic/) et al., 2012 · 12 citations*
61. [Machine Translation between Hebrew and Arabic: Needs, Challenges and Preliminary Solutions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lingbulk-2010-shilon-machine-translation-between-hebrew-arabic/) *— Reshef Shilon, [Nizar Habash](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nizar-habash/), [Alon Lavie](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alon-lavie/), [Shuly Wintner](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/shuly-wintner/), 2010 · 12 citations*
62. [Semi-automatic error analysis for large-scale statistical machine translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kirchhoff-2007-semi-automatic-error-analysis-large/) *— Katrin Kirchhoff, [Owen Rambow](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/owen-rambow/), [Nizar Habash](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nizar-habash/), [Mona Diab](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mona-diab/), 2007 · 12 citations*
63. [Enriching lexical transfer with cross-linguistic semantic features or how to do interlingua without interlingua](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/nasr-1997-enriching-lexical-transfer-cross-linguistic/) *— Alexis Nasr, [Owen Rambow](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/owen-rambow/), [Martha Palmer](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martha-palmer/), [Joseph Rosenzweig](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/joseph-rosenzweig/), 1997 · 12 citations*
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