---
title: "Machine translation — papers, page 3"
description: "Machine translation in plain words, from rules to neural networks, Mova's deterministic translator through a meta-world, and our cards of the papers on MT."
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# Machine translation · page 3

326 paper cards from the Research library · page 3 of 4

## The papers (326)

Cards with a measured or kept idea first, then by citations.

Pages: [1](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/) · [2](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/page/2/) · **3** · [4](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/page/4/)

1. [DRS at MRP 2020: Dressing up Discourse Representation Structures as Graphs](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/abzianidze-2020-drs-mrp-2020-dressing-up/) *— [Lasha Abzianidze](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/lasha-abzianidze/), [Johan Bos](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/johan-bos/), [Stephan Oepen](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/stephan-oepen/), 2020 · 5 citations*
2. [Head-First Linearization with Tree-Structured Representation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/yu-2019-head-first-linearization-tree-structured/) *— [Xiang Yu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/xiang-yu/), [Agnieszka Falenska](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/agnieszka-falenska/), [Ngoc Thang Vu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ngoc-thang-vu/), [Jonas Kuhn](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jonas-kuhn/), 2019 · 5 citations*
3. [Deterministic natural language generation from meaning representations for machine translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/butler-2016-deterministic-natural-language-generation-meaning/) *— Alastair Butler, 2016 · 5 citations*
4. [The Types and Distributions of Errors in a Wide Coverage Surface Realizer Evaluation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/callaway-2005-types-distributions-errors-wide-coverage/) *— Charles Callaway, 2005 · 5 citations*
5. [Toward compact monotonically compositional interlingua using lexical aspect](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/dorr-1997-compact-monotonically-compositional-interlingua-lexical/) *— [Bonnie J. Dorr](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bonnie-j-dorr/), Mari Broman Olsen, Scott C. Thomas, 1997 · 5 citations*
6. [Towards Reversible MT Systems](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/isabelle-1989-reversible-mt-systems/) *— [Pierre Isabelle](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/pierre-isabelle/), 1989 · 5 citations*
7. [StyleRemix: Interpretable Authorship Obfuscation via Distillation and Perturbation of Style Elements](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/fisher-2024-styleremix-interpretable-authorship-obfuscation-distillation/) *— Jillian Fisher, Skyler Hallinan, Ximing Lu, Mitchell L Gordon et al., 2024 · 4 citations*
8. [Fast and Accurate Non-Projective Dependency Tree Linearization](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/yu-2020-fast-accurate-non-projective-dependency/) *— [Xiang Yu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/xiang-yu/), Simon Tannert, [Ngoc Thang Vu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ngoc-thang-vu/), [Jonas Kuhn](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jonas-kuhn/), 2020 · 4 citations*
9. [Apertium-fin-eng–Rule-based Shallow Machine Translation for WMT 2019 Shared Task](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pirinen-2019-apertium-fin-eng-rule-based/) *— Tommi A Pirinen, 2019 · 4 citations*
10. [GenDR: A Generic Deep Realizer with Complex Lexicalization](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lareau-2018-gendr-generic-deep-realizer-complex/) *— François Lareau, Florie Lambrey, Ieva Dubinskaite, Daniel Galarreta-Piquette et al., 2018 · 4 citations*
11. [Merged bilingual trees based on Universal Dependencies in Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/marecek-2016-merged-bilingual-trees-based-universal/) *— [David Mareček](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/david-marecek/), 2016 · 4 citations*
12. [Error Analysis of Statistical Machine Translation Output](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/vilar-2006-error-analysis-statistical-machine-translation/) *— David Vilar, Jia Xu, Luis Fernando D'Haro, [Hermann Ney](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/hermann-ney/), 2006 · 4 citations*
13. [English Generation From Interlingua by Example-Based Method](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/komatsu-1994-english-generation-interlingua-example-based/) *— Eiji Komatsu, Jin Cui, Hiroshi Yasuhara, 1994 · 4 citations*
14. [Machine Translation, Linguistics, and Interlingua](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sgall-1987-machine-translation-linguistics-interlingua/) *— Petr Sgall, Jarmila Panevová, 1987 · 4 citations*
15. [AMR-TST: Abstract Meaning Representation-based Text Style Transfer](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shi-2023-amr-tst-abstract-meaning-representation/) *— Kaize Shi, Xueyao Sun, Li He, Dingxian Wang et al., 2023 · 3 citations*
16. [Low-Resource Authorship Style Transfer: Can Non-Famous Authors Be Imitated?](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/patel-2022-low-resource-authorship-style-transfer/) *— Ajay Patel, Nicholas Andrews, [Chris Callison-Burch](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/chris-callison-burch/), 2022 · 3 citations*
17. [Acquiring a Formality-Informed Lexical Resource for Style Analysis](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/eder-2021-acquiring-formality-informed-lexical-resource/) *— Elisabeth Eder, Ulrike Krieg-Holz, Udo Hahn, 2021 · 3 citations*
18. [Comparison by Conversion: Reverse-Engineering UCCA from Syntax and Lexical Semantics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hershcovich-2020-comparison-conversion-reverse-engineering-ucca/) *— [Daniel Hershcovich](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-hershcovich/), [Nathan Schneider](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nathan-schneider/), [Dotan Dvir](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dotan-dvir/), [Jakob Prange](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jakob-prange/) et al., 2020 · 3 citations*
19. [Cross-lingual Semantic Representation for NLP with UCCA](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/abend-2020-cross-lingual-semantic-representation-nlp/) *— [Omri Abend](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/omri-abend/), [Dotan Dvir](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dotan-dvir/), [Daniel Hershcovich](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-hershcovich/), [Jakob Prange](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jakob-prange/) et al., 2020 · 3 citations*
20. [Bimorphisms and synchronous grammars](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shieber-2014-bimorphisms-synchronous-grammars/) *— [Stuart M. Shieber](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/stuart-m-shieber/), 2014 · 3 citations*
21. [Grammatical Framework (GF) for MT in Sublanguage Domains](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/khegai-2006-grammatical-framework-gf-mt-sublanguage/) *— Janna Khegai, 2006 · 3 citations*
22. [Syntactic and Semantic Transfer with F-Structures](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/dorna-1998-syntactic-semantic-transfer-f-structures/) *— Michael Dorna, [Anette Frank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/anette-frank/), [Josef van Genabith](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/josef-van-genabith/), Martin C. Emele, 1998 · 3 citations*
23. [Abstraction and underspecification in semantic transfer](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/abb-1996-abstraction-underspecification-semantic-transfer/) *— Bernd Abb, Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf, Christel Tschernitschek, 1996 · 3 citations*
24. [An Overview of SURGE: a Reusable Comprehensive Syntactic Realization Component](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/elhadad-1996-overview-surge-reusable-comprehensive-syntactic/) *— [Michael Elhadad](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/michael-elhadad/), Jacques Robin, 1996 · 3 citations*
25. [PANGLOSS: Knowledge-Based Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hovy-1994-pangloss-knowledge-based-machine-translation/) *— [Eduard Hovy](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/eduard-hovy/), 1994 · 3 citations*
26. [Tenets for an Interlingual Representation Definite NPs](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/meya-1990-tenets-interlingual-representation-definite-nps/) *— Montserrat Meya, 1990 · 3 citations*
27. [KBMT-89 - A knowledge-based MT project at Carnegie Mellon University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/nirenburg-1989-kbmt-89-knowledge-based-mt/) *— [Sergei Nirenburg](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/sergei-nirenburg/), 1989 · 3 citations*
28. [How BERT Speaks Shakespearean English? Evaluating Historical Bias in Contextual Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cuscito-2024-bert-speaks-shakespearean-english-evaluating/) *— Miriam Cuscito, Alfio Ferrara, Martin Ruskov, 2024 · 2 citations*
29. [Lost in Translationese? Reducing Translation Effect Using Abstract Meaning Representation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wein-2024-lost-translationese-reducing-translation-effect/) *— [Shira Wein](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/shira-wein/), [Nathan Schneider](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nathan-schneider/), 2024 · 2 citations*
30. [The Mechanical Bard: An Interpretable Machine Learning Approach to Shakespearean Sonnet Generation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/agnew-2023-mechanical-bard-interpretable-machine-learning/) *— Edwin Agnew, Michelle Qiu, Lily Zhu, [Sam Wiseman](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/sam-wiseman/) et al., 2023 · 2 citations*
31. [Are Ellipses Important for Machine Translation?](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cl-2021-khullar-are-ellipses-important-machine-translation/) *— [Payal Khullar](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/payal-khullar/), 2021 · 2 citations*
32. [Expanding the JHU Bible Corpus for Machine Translation of the Indigenous Languages of North America](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/nicolai-2021-expanding-jhu-bible-corpus-machine/) *— Garrett Nicolai, Edith Coates, Ming Zhang, [Miikka Silfverberg](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/miikka-silfverberg/), 2021 · 2 citations*
33. [The Parallel Meaning Bank: A Framework for Semantically Annotating Multiple Languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/abzianidze-2020-parallel-meaning-bank-framework-semantically/) *— [Lasha Abzianidze](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/lasha-abzianidze/), [Rik van Noord](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/rik-van-noord/), [Chunliu Wang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/chunliu-wang/), [Johan Bos](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/johan-bos/), 2020 · 2 citations*
34. [Grammatical Framework: an Interlingual Grammar Formalism](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ranta-2019-grammatical-framework-interlingual-grammar-formalism/) *— [Aarne Ranta](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aarne-ranta/), 2019 · 2 citations*
35. [Evaluating Historical Text Normalization Systems: How Well Do They Generalize?](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/robertson-2018-evaluating-historical-text-normalization-systems/) *— Alexander Robertson, [Sharon Goldwater](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/sharon-goldwater/), 2018 · 2 citations*
36. [Generation in Machine Translation from Deep Syntactic Trees](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hall-2007-generation-machine-translation-deep-syntactic/) *— Keith Hall, Petr Němec, 2007 · 2 citations*
37. [High quality machine translation using a machine-learned sentence realization component](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/smets-2003-high-quality-machine-translation-machine/) *— [Martine Smets](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martine-smets/), [Michael Gamon](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/michael-gamon/), Jessie Pinkham, Tom Reutter et al., 2003 · 2 citations*
38. [Bible translation as mediator of Hebrew impact on target languages: the Estonian bible translation by Johannes Gutslaff](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ross-2000-bible-translation-mediator-hebrew-impact/) *— Kristiina Ross, 2000 · 2 citations*
39. [Representing Text Meaning for Multilingual Knowledge-Based Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/carlson-1994-representing-text-meaning-multilingual-knowledge/) *— [Lynn Carlson](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/lynn-carlson/), Elizabeth Cooper, Ronald Dolan, Steven Maiorano, 1994 · 2 citations*
40. [The Transfer of Finite Verb Forms in a Machine Translation System](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/maegaard-1982-transfer-finite-verb-forms-machine/) *— [Bente Maegaard](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bente-maegaard/), 1982 · 2 citations*
41. [Biblical translation: do different strategies produce divergent texts?](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bertos-2023-biblical-translation-do-different-strategies/) *— Elena Serrano Bertos, Miguel Ángel Vega Cernuda, 2023 · 1 citations*
42. [T-STAR: Truthful Style Transfer using AMR Graph as Intermediate Representation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/jangra-2022-t-star-truthful-style-transfer/) *— Anubhav Jangra, Preksha Nema, Aravindan Raghuveer, 2022 · 1 citations*
43. [A Partially Rule-Based Approach to AMR Generation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/manning-2019-partially-rule-based-approach-amr/) *— [Emma Manning](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/emma-manning/), 2019 · 1 citations*
44. [The First Shared Task on Discourse Representation Structure Parsing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/abzianidze-2019-first-shared-task-discourse-representation/) *— [Lasha Abzianidze](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/lasha-abzianidze/), [Rik van Noord](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/rik-van-noord/), [Hessel Haagsma](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/hessel-haagsma/), [Johan Bos](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/johan-bos/), 2019 · 1 citations*
45. [Crossroads between contrastive linguistics, translation studies and machine translation: TC3-II](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/czulo-2017-crossroads-between-contrastive-linguistics/) *— Oliver Czulo, [Silvia Hansen-schirra](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/silvia-hansen-schirra/), 2017 · 1 citations*
46. [Apertium: a free/open source platform for machine translation and basic language technology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/forcada-2016-apertium-free-open-source-platform/) *— [Mikel L. Forcada](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mikel-l-forcada/), [Francis M. Tyers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/francis-m-tyers/), 2016 · 1 citations*
47. [Automatic Cross-Lingual Similarization of Dependency Grammars for Tree-based Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/jiang-2016-automatic-cross-lingual-similarization-dependency/) *— [Wenbin Jiang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/wenbin-jiang/), Wen Zhang, Jinan Xu, Rangjia Cai, 2016 · 1 citations*
48. [Enhancing PTB Universal Dependencies for Grammar-Based Surface Realization](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/king-2016-enhancing-ptb-universal-dependencies-grammar/) *— David L. King, [Michael White](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/michael-white/), 2016 · 1 citations*
49. [Translation Techniques and Interpretative Phenomena in the Greek Version of the Hebrew Bible: A Study of the Figurative Use of the Noun צֵל 'Shadow'](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/vergari-2015-translation-techniques-interpretative-phenomena-greek/) *— [Romina Vergari](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/romina-vergari/), 2015 · 1 citations*
50. [Ranking Translations using Error Analysis and Quality Estimation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/fishel-2013-ranking-translations-error-analysis-quality/) *— [Mark Fishel](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mark-fishel/), 2013 · 1 citations*
51. [KANT: Knowledge-Based, Accurate Natural Language Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mitamura-1994-kant-knowledge-based-accurate-natural/) *— [Teruko Mitamura](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/teruko-mitamura/), [Eric Nyberg](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/eric-nyberg/), [Jaime Carbonell](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jaime-carbonell/), 1994 · 1 citations*
52. [Machine Translation Strategies: A Comparison of F-Structure Transfer and Semantically Based Interlingua](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/thunes-1994-machine-translation-strategies-comparison-f/) *— Martha Thunes, 1994 · 1 citations*
53. [EUROTRA: an assessment of the current state of the EC's MT programme](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/arnold-1991-eurotra-assessment-current-state-ec/) *— [Doug Arnold](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/doug-arnold/), [Louisa Sadler](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/louisa-sadler/), 1991 · 1 citations*
54. [Letter 57, to Pammachius, On the Best Method of Translating](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/jerome-1893-letter-57-pammachius-best/) *— Jerome, W. H. Fremantle, 395*
55. [AuthorMix: Modular Authorship Style Transfer via Layer-wise Adapter Mixing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/thillainathan-2026-authormix-modular-authorship-style-transfer/) *— Sarubi Thillainathan, Ji-Ung Lee, Michael Sullivan, [Alexander Koller](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alexander-koller/), 2026*
56. [First Shared Task on UMR Parsing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/tepanek-2026-first-shared-task-umr-parsing/) *— [Jan Štěpánek](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jan-stepanek/), [Daniel Zeman](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-zeman/), Marketa Lopatkova, [Federica Gamba](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/federica-gamba/) et al., 2026*
57. [From Syntax to Semantics: Introducing UMR for NLP Annotation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pagano-2026-syntax-semantics-introducing-umr-nlp/) *— Adriana S. Pagano, Magali Sanches Duran, [Federica Gamba](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/federica-gamba/), 2026*
58. [Machine Translation between English and Syriac (East Syriac Dialect) using Statistical Machine Learning](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/langstream-2026-sliwa-machine-translation-between-english-syriac/) *— Hadiana Sliwa, [Hossein Hassani](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/hossein-hassani/), 2026*
59. [Modular Neural Machine Translation with a Semantic Pivot - Pilot Study Using AMR](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gao-2026-modular-neural-machine-translation-semantic/) *— Wenyang Gao, Yaxuan Li, Yunxin Bao, Shulin Huang et al., 2026*
60. [Syntax is the Key to Semantics: Combining Universal Dependencies and Abstract Meaning Representation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/heinecke-2026-syntax-is-key-semantics-combining/) *— [Johannes Heinecke](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/johannes-heinecke/), 2026*
61. [TabletCraft: Bridging a 4,000-Year Cultural Gap with Bidirectional Akkadian NMT and Cuneiform Rendering](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/coref-2026-wang-tabletcraft-bridging-4-000-year/) *— Zhaohui Geoffrey Wang, 2026*
62. [Word Alignment-Based Evaluation of Uniform Meaning Representations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zeman-2026-word-alignment-based-evaluation-uniform/) *— [Daniel Zeman](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-zeman/), [Federica Gamba](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/federica-gamba/), 2026*
63. [Bootstrapping UMRs from Universal Dependencies for Scalable Multilingual Annotation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gamba-2025-bootstrapping-umrs-universal-dependencies-scalable/) *— [Federica Gamba](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/federica-gamba/), [Alexis Palmer](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alexis-palmer/), [Daniel Zeman](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-zeman/), 2025*
64. [Exploiting Task Reversibility of DRS Parsing and Generation: Challenges and Insights from a Multi-lingual Perspective](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/amin-2025-exploiting-task-reversibility-drs-parsing/) *— Muhammad Saad Amin, Luca Anselma, Alessandro Mazzei, 2025*
65. [Generating Text from Uniform Meaning Representation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/markle-2025-generating-text-uniform-meaning-representation/) *— Emma Markle, Reihaneh Iranmanesh, [Shira Wein](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/shira-wein/), 2025*
66. [Rule-based Surface Realization of Romanian Weak Pronouns](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gerstenberger-2025-rule-based-surface-realization-romanian/) *— Ciprian Gerstenberger, 2025*
67. [Semitic Root Encoding: Tokenization Based on the Templatic Morphology of Semitic Languages in NMT](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2025-hatch-semitic-root-encoding-tokenization-based/) *— Brendan T. Hatch, Stephen D. Richardson, 2025*
68. [Survey of Abstract Meaning Representation: Then, Now, Future](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mansouri-2025-survey-abstract-meaning-representation-then/) *— Behrooz Mansouri, 2025*
69. [The Role of PropBank Sense IDs in AMR-to-text Generation and Text-to-AMR Parsing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hoang-2025-role-propbank-sense-ids-amr/) *— Thu Hoang, Mina Yang, [Shira Wein](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/shira-wein/), 2025*
70. [Generation and Evaluation of English Grammar Multiple-Choice Cloze Exercises](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/donati-2024-generation-evaluation-english-grammar-multiple/) *— Nicolò Donati, Matteo Periani, Paolo Di Natale, Giuseppe Savino et al., 2024*
71. [Normalizing without Modernizing: Keeping Historical Wordforms of Middle French while Reducing Spelling Variants](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rubino-2024-normalizing-without-modernizing-keeping-historical/) *— Raphael Rubino, Johanna Gerlach, Jonathan Mutal, Pierrette Bouillon, 2024*
72. [Bridging Semantic Frameworks: mapping DRS onto AMR](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pavlova-2023-bridging-semantic-frameworks-mapping-drs/) *— Siyana Pavlova, [Maxime Amblard](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/maxime-amblard/), [Bruno Guillaume](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bruno-guillaume/), 2023*
73. [Mapping AMR to UMR: Resources for Adapting Existing Corpora for Cross-Lingual Compatibility](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bonn-2023-mapping-amr-umr-resources-adapting/) *— [Julia Bonn](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/julia-bonn/), [Skatje Myers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/skatje-myers/), Jens E. L. Van Gysel, Lukas Denk et al., 2023*
74. [Measuring Fine-Grained Semantic Equivalence with Abstract Meaning Representation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wein-2023-measuring-fine-grained-semantic-equivalence/) *— [Shira Wein](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/shira-wein/), Zhuxin Wang, [Nathan Schneider](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nathan-schneider/), 2023*
75. [The eBible Corpus: Data and Model Benchmarks for Bible Translation for Low-Resource Languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/akerman-2023-ebible-corpus-data-model-benchmarks/) *— Vesa Akerman, David Baines, Damien Daspit, [Ulf Hermjakob](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ulf-hermjakob/) et al., 2023*
76. [UMR Annotation of Multiword Expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bonn-2023-umr-annotation-multiword-expressions/) *— [Julia Bonn](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/julia-bonn/), [Andrew Cowell](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/andrew-cowell/), [Jan Hajič](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jan-hajic/), [Alexis Palmer](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alexis-palmer/) et al., 2023*
77. [ACES: Translation Accuracy Challenge Sets for Evaluating Machine Translation Metrics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/amrhein-2022-aces-translation-accuracy-challenge-sets/) *— Chantal Amrhein, Nikita Moghe, [Liane Guillou](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/liane-guillou/), 2022*
78. [Linguistically Motivated Evaluation of the 2022 State-of-the-art Machine Translation Systems for Three Language Directions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/macketanz-2022-linguistically-motivated-evaluation-2022-state/) *— [Vivien Macketanz](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/vivien-macketanz/), Shushen Manakhimova, [Eleftherios Avramidis](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/eleftherios-avramidis/), [Ekaterina Lapshinova-koltunski](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ekaterina-lapshinova-koltunski/) et al., 2022*
79. [Grammar-Based Concept Alignment for Domain-Specific Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/masciolini-2021-grammar-based-concept-alignment-domain/) *— [Arianna Masciolini](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/arianna-masciolini/), [Aarne Ranta](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aarne-ranta/), 2021*
80. [A Survey of Qualitative Error Analysis for Neural Machine Translation Systems](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/diaz-2020-survey-qualitative-error-analysis-neural/) *— Denise Díaz, James Cross, Vishrav Chaudhary, Ahmed Kishky et al., 2020*
81. [Learning synchronous context-free grammars with multiple specialised non-terminals for hierarchical phrase-based translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sanchez-2020-martinez-learning-synchronous-context-free-grammars/) *— [Felipe Sanchez-Martinez](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/felipe-sanchez-martinez/), [Juan Antonio Perez-Ortiz](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/juan-antonio-perez-ortiz/), Rafael C. Carrasco, 2020*
82. [The jsRealB Text Realizer: Organization and Use Cases -- Revised version](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lapalme-2020-jsrealb-text-realizer-organization-use/) *— [Guy Lapalme](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/guy-lapalme/), 2020*
83. [The Third Multilingual Surface Realisation Shared Task (SR'20): Overview and Evaluation Results](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mille-2020-third-multilingual-surface-realisation-shared/) *— [Simon Mille](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/simon-mille/), Anya Belz, [Bernd Bohnet](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bernd-bohnet/), [Thiago Castro Ferreira](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/thiago-castro-ferreira/) et al., 2020*
84. [The use of the Septuagint in Afrikaans Bible translations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rooy-2020-use-septuagint-afrikaans-bible-translations/) *— Herculaas F. van Rooy, 2020*
85. [New perspectives on cohesion and coherence: Implications for translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kunz-2017-new-perspectives-cohesion-coherence/) *— Katrin Menzel, Ekaterina Lapshinova-Koltunski, Kerstin Kunz, 2017*
86. [International translation in the Grammatical Framework (GF)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ranta-2016-international-translation-grammatical-framework-gf/) *— [Aarne Ranta](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aarne-ranta/), Kasimir Angelov, [Thomas Hallgren](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/thomas-hallgren/), [Prasanth Kolachina](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/prasanth-kolachina/) et al., 2016*
87. [Predicting and Using a Pragmatic Component of Lexical Aspect of Simple Past Verbal Tenses for Improving English-to-French Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/loaiciga-2016-predicting-pragmatic-component-lexical-aspect/) *— [Sharid Loáiciga](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/sharid-loaiciga/), Cristina Grisot, 2016*
88. [Enhancing function word translation with syntax-based statistical post-editing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/richardson-2015-enhancing-function-word-translation-syntax/) *— John Richardson, Toshiaki Nakazawa, Sadao Kurohashi, 2015*
89. [The Translation of Quotative Frames in the Hebrew Bible](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/miller-2026-naude-translation-quotative-frames-hebrew-bible/) *— [Cynthia L. Miller-Naudé](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/cynthia-l-miller-naude/), [Jacobus A. Naudé](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jacobus-a-naude/), 2015*
90. [Multidimensional quality metrics: a flexible system for assessing translation quality](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lommel-2013-multidimensional-quality-metrics-flexible-system/) *— Arle Richard Lommel, [Aljoscha Burchardt](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aljoscha-burchardt/), [Hans Uszkoreit](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/hans-uszkoreit/), 2013*
91. [Universal Conceptual Cognitive Annotation (UCCA)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/abend-2013-universal-conceptual-cognitive-annotation-ucca/) *— [Omri Abend](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/omri-abend/), [Ari Rappoport](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ari-rappoport/), 2013*
92. [Extracting Semantic Transfer Rules from Parallel Corpora with SMT Phrase Aligners](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/haugereid-2012-extracting-semantic-transfer-rules-parallel/) *— Petter Haugereid, [Francis Bond](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/francis-bond/), 2012*
93. [Treebank of Chinese Bible Translations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wu-2010-treebank-chinese-bible-translations/) *— [Andi Wu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/andi-wu/), 2010*
94. [Statistical Glossing - Language Independent Analysis in Bible Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/riding-2008-statistical-glossing-language-independent-analysis/) *— J. D. Riding, 2008*
95. [Synchronous Grammars and Transducers: Good News and Bad News](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shieber-2007-synchronous-grammars-transducers-good-news/) *— [Stuart Shieber](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/stuart-shieber/), 2007*
96. [Using Danish as a CG Interlingua: A Wide-Coverage Norwegian-English Machine Translation System](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bick-2007-danish-as-cg-interlingua-wide/) *— Eckhard Bick, Lars Nygaard, 2007*
97. [A trainable transfer-based MT approach for languages with limited resources](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lavie-2004-trainable-transfer-based-mt-approach/) *— [Alon Lavie](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alon-lavie/), [Katharina Probst](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/katharina-probst/), [Erik Peterson](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/erik-peterson/), [Stephan Vogel](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/stephan-vogel/) et al., 2004*
98. [Synchronous Grammars as Tree Transducers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shieber-2004-synchronous-grammars-as-tree-transducers/) *— [Stuart M. Shieber](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/stuart-m-shieber/), 2004*
99. [Training Tree Transducers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/graehl-2004-training-tree-transducers/) *— [Jonathan Graehl](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jonathan-graehl/), [Kevin Knight](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kevin-knight/), 2004*
100. [Czech-English Dependency Tree-based Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cmejrek-2003-czech-english-dependency-tree-based/) *— Martin Čmejrek, Jan Cuřín, Jiří Havelka, 2003*

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