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title: "Idioms & multiword expressions — papers, page 2"
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# 🧷 Idioms & multiword expressions

155 papers · page 2 of 3 · 26–125 · the most cited first · [all topics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/)

Phrases that mean more than their words: idioms, collocations, light verbs and phrasal verbs.

## Papers (155)

[← prev](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multiword-expressions/) [1](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multiword-expressions/) **2** [3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multiword-expressions/page/3/) [next →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multiword-expressions/page/3/)

26. **[Metaphor Corpus Annotated for Source - Target Domain Mappings](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shutova-2010-metaphor-corpus-annotated-source-target/) [Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/lrec/)**Ekaterina Shutova, Simone Teufel*2010 · 164 citations*
27. **[Discriminative Lexical Semantic Segmentation with Gaps: Running the MWE Gamut](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/schneider-2014-discriminative-lexical-semantic-segmentation-gaps/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Nathan Schneider, Emily Danchik, Chris Dyer, et al.*2014 · 159 citations*
28. **[A Report on the 2020 VUA and TOEFL Metaphor Detection Shared Task](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/leong-2020-report-2020-vua-toefl-metaphor/) [Workshop on Figurative Language Processing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/figlang/)**Chee Wee (Ben) Leong, Beata Beigman Klebanov, Chris Hamill, et al.*2020 · 138 citations*
29. **[FLUTE: Figurative Language Understanding through Textual Explanations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chakrabarty-2022-flute-figurative-language-understanding-through/) [Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/)**Tuhin Chakrabarty, Arkadiy Saakyan, Debanjan Ghosh, et al.*2022 · 132 citations*
30. **[Automatically Constructing a Lexicon of Verb Phrase Idiomatic Combinations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/fazly-2006-automatically-constructing-lexicon-verb-phrase/) [Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/eacl/)**Afsaneh Fazly, Suzanne Stevenson*2006 · 131 citations*
31. **[Edition 1.1 of the PARSEME Shared Task on Automatic Identification of Verbal Multiword Expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ramisch-2018-edition-1-1-parseme-shared/) [International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/coling/)**Carlos Ramisch, Silvio Ricardo Cordeiro, Agata Savary, et al.*2018 · 124 citations*
32. [**Comprehensive Annotation of Multiword Expressions in a Social Web Corpus**Nathan Schneider, Spencer Onuffer, Nora Kazour, et al.*2014 · 120 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/schneider-2014-comprehensive-annotation-multiword-expressions-social/)
33. **[ChID: A Large-scale Chinese IDiom Dataset for Cloze Test](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zheng-2019-chid-large-scale-chinese/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Chujie Zheng, Minlie Huang, Aixin Sun*2019 · 119 citations*
34. **[MAGPIE: A Large Corpus of Potentially Idiomatic Expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/haagsma-2020-magpie-large-corpus-potentially-idiomatic/) [Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/lrec/)**Hessel Haagsma, Johan Bos, Malvina Nissim*2020 · 117 citations*
35. **[Testing the Ability of Language Models to Interpret Figurative Language](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/liu-2022-testing-ability-language-models-interpret/) [Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/naacl/)**Emmy Liu, Chenxuan Cui, Kenneth Zheng, et al.*2022 · 111 citations*
36. [**A Corpus and Model Integrating Multiword Expressions and Supersenses**Nathan Schneider, Noah A. Smith*2015 · 111 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/schneider-2015-corpus-model-integrating-multiword-expressions/)
37. **[SemEval-2022 Task 2: Multilingual Idiomaticity Detection and Sentence Embedding](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/madabushi-2022-semeval-2022-task-2-multilingual/) [International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/semeval/)**Harish Tayyar Madabushi, Edward Gow-Smith, Marcos Garcia, et al.*2022 · 108 citations*
38. **[Can Transformer be Too Compositional? Analysing Idiom Processing in Neural Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/dankers-2022-can-transformer-be-too-compositional/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Verna Dankers, Christopher Lucas, Ivan Titov*2022 · 105 citations*
39. **[SemEval-2016 Task 10: Detecting Minimal Semantic Units and their Meanings (DiMSUM)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/schneider-2016-semeval-2016-task-10-detecting/) [International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/semeval/)**Nathan Schneider, Dirk Hovy, Anders Johannsen, et al.*2016 · 100 citations*
40. **[It's not Rocket Science: Interpreting Figurative Language in Narratives](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chakrabarty-2022-it-s-not-rocket-science/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Tuhin Chakrabarty, Yejin Choi, Vered Shwartz*2022 · 91 citations*
41. **[Probing for idiomaticity in vector space models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/garcia-2021-probing-idiomaticity-vector-space-models/) [Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/eacl/)**Marcos Garcia, Tiago Kramer Vieira, Carolina Scarton, et al.*2021 · 89 citations*
42. **[AStitchInLanguageModels: Dataset and Methods for the Exploration of Idiomaticity in Pre-Trained Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/madabushi-2021-astitchinlanguagemodels-dataset-methods-exploration-idiomaticity/) [Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/findings/)**Harish Tayyar Madabushi, Edward Gow-Smith, Carolina Scarton, et al.*2021 · 86 citations*
43. [**Multiword expressions: linguistic precision and reusability**Ann Copestake, Fabre Lambeau, Aline Villavicencio, et al.*2002 · 80 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/copestake-2002-multiword-expressions-linguistic-precision-reusability/)
44. [**Multiword Expressions in the wild? The mwetoolkit comes in handy**Carlos Ramisch, Aline Villavicencio, Christian Boitet*2010 · 69 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ramisch-2010-multiword-expressions-wild-mwetoolkit-comes/)
45. [**IMPLI: Investigating NLI Models' Performance on Figurative Language**Kevin Stowe, Prasetya Utama, Iryna Gurevych*2022 · 68 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/stowe-2022-impli-investigating-nli-models-performance/)
46. **[Idiom Token Classification using Sentential Distributed Semantics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/salton-2016-idiom-token-classification-sentential-distributed/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Giancarlo Salton, Robert Ross, John Kelleher*2016 · 65 citations*
47. **[The Pragmatics behind Politics: Modelling Metaphor, Framing and Emotion in Political Discourse](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cabot-2020-pragmatics-behind-politics-modelling-metaphor/) [Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/findings/)**Pere-Lluís Huguet Cabot, Verna Dankers, David Abadi, et al.*2020 · 64 citations*
48. **[Figurative Language in Recognizing Textual Entailment](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chakrabarty-2021-figurative-language-recognizing-textual-entailment/) [Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/findings/)**Tuhin Chakrabarty, Debanjan Ghosh, Adam Poliak, et al.*2021 · 63 citations*
49. **[Understanding Transformer Memorization Recall Through Idioms](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/haviv-2023-understanding-transformer-memorization-recall-through/) [Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/eacl/)**Adi Haviv, Ido Cohen, Jacob Gidron, et al.*2023 · 62 citations*
50. [**An Expert Lexicon Approach to Identifying English Phrasal Verbs**Wei Li, Xiuhong Zhang, Cheng Niu, et al.*2003 · 50 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/li-2003-expert-lexicon-approach-identifying-english/)
51. **[ID10M: Idiom Identification in 10 Languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/tedeschi-2022-id10m-idiom-identification-10-languages/) [Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/findings/)**Simone Tedeschi, Federico Martelli, Roberto Navigli*2022 · 49 citations*
52. **[Metaphor Understanding Challenge Dataset for LLMs](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/tong-2024-metaphor-understanding-challenge-dataset-llms/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Xiaoyu Tong, Rochelle Choenni, Martha Lewis, et al.*2024 · 47 citations*
53. **[Edition 1.2 of the PARSEME Shared Task on Semi-supervised Identification of Verbal Multiword Expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ramisch-2020-edition-1-2-parseme-shared/) [Workshop on Multiword Expressions (MWE)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/mwe/)**Carlos Ramisch, Agata Savary, Bruno Guillaume, et al.*2020 · 43 citations*
54. [**Pulling their Weight: Exploiting Syntactic Forms for the Automatic Identification of Idiomatic Expressions in Context Proceedings of the Workshop on A Broader Perspective on Multiword Expressions**Paul Cook, Afsaneh Fazly, Suzanne Stevenson*2007 · 42 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cook-2007-pulling-their-weight-exploiting-syntactic/)
55. **[Automatic Evaluation and Analysis of Idioms in Neural Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/baziotis-2023-automatic-evaluation-analysis-idioms-neural/) [Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/eacl/)**Christos Baziotis, Prashant Mathur, Eva Hasler*2023 · 40 citations*
56. [**Detecting Compositionality in Multi-Word Expressions**Ioannis Korkontzelos, Suresh Manandhar*2009 · 35 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/korkontzelos-2009-detecting-compositionality-multi-word-expressions/)
57. [**Construction of English MWE Dictionary and its Application to POS Tagging**Yutaro Shigeto, Ai Azuma, Sorami Hisamoto, et al.*2013 · 34 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shigeto-2013-construction-english-mwe-dictionary-its/)
58. **[Chinese Idiom Paraphrasing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/qiang-2023-chinese-idiom-paraphrasing/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Jipeng Qiang, Yang Li, Chaowei Zhang, et al.*2023 · 31 citations*
59. **[SemEval-2025 Task 1: AdMIRe - Advancing Multimodal Idiomaticity Representation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pickard-2025-semeval-2025-task-1-admire/) [International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/semeval/)**Thomas Pickard, Aline Villavicencio, Maggie Mi, et al.*2025 · 30 citations*
60. **[Improving Surface-syntactic Universal Dependencies (SUD): MWEs and deep syntactic features](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gerdes-2019-improving-surface-syntactic-universal-dependencies/) [International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories (TLT)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tlt/)**Kim Gerdes, Bruno Guillaume, Sylvain Kahane, et al.*2019 · 30 citations*
61. **[Cross-Cultural Similarity Features for Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning of Pragmatically Motivated Tasks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sun-2021-cross-cultural-similarity-features-cross/) [Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/eacl/)**Jimin Sun, Hwijeen Ahn, Chan Young Park, et al.*2021 · 28 citations*
62. **[ValenTo: Sentiment Analysis of Figurative Language Tweets with Irony and Sarcasm](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/farias-2015-valento-sentiment-analysis-figurative-language/) [International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/semeval/)**Delia Irazú Hernández Farías, Emilio Sulis, Viviana Patti, et al.*2015 · 28 citations*
63. **[A Hard Nut to Crack: Idiom Detection with Conversational Large Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/fornaciari-2024-hard-nut-crack-idiom-detection/) [Workshop on Figurative Language Processing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/figlang/)**Francesca De Luca Fornaciari, Begoña Altuna, Itziar Gonzalez-Dios, et al.*2024 · 22 citations*
64. **[Semantics of Multiword Expressions in Transformer-Based Models: A Survey](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/miletic-2024-semantics-multiword-expressions-transformer-based/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Filip Miletić, Sabine Schulte im Walde*2024 · 20 citations*
65. [**The impact of colors on human memory in learning English collocations: evidence from south Asian tertiary ESL students Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education 5**Jahangeer Khan, Chengyu Liu*2020 · 19 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/khan-2020-impact-colors-human-memory-learning/)
66. [**MWEs in Treebanks: From Survey to Guidelines**Victoria Rosén, Koenraad De Smedt, Gyri Smørdal Losnegaard, et al.*2016 · 19 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rosen-2016-mwes-treebanks-survey-guidelines/)
67. **[Crossing the Threshold: Idiomatic Machine Translation through Retrieval Augmentation and Loss Weighting](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/liu-2023-crossing-threshold-idiomatic-machine-translation/) [Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/)**Emmy Liu, Aditi Chaudhary, Graham Neubig*2023 · 17 citations*
68. **[Linguistic Features of Sarcasm and Metaphor Production Quality](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/skalicky-2018-linguistic-features-sarcasm-metaphor-production/) [Workshop on Figurative Language Processing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/figlang/)**Stephen Skalicky, Scott Crossley*2018 · 17 citations*
69. **[Comparative Study of Multilingual Idioms and Similes in Large Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/khoshtab-2025-comparative-study-multilingual-idioms-similes/) [International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/coling/)**Paria Khoshtab, Danial Namazifard, Mostafa Masoudi, et al.*2025 · 14 citations*
70. [**Idioms in the Rosetta Machine Translation System**Andre Schenk*1986 · 14 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/schenk-1986-idioms-rosetta-machine-translation-system/)
71. **[from Benign import Toxic: Jailbreaking the Language Model via Adversarial Metaphors](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/yan-2025-benign-import-toxic-jailbreaking-language/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Yu Yan, Sheng Sun, Zenghao Duan, et al.*2025 · 12 citations*
72. **[MWE as WSD: Solving Multiword Expression Identification with Word Sense Disambiguation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/tanner-2023-mwe-as-wsd-solving-multiword/) [Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/findings/)**Joshua Tanner, Jacob Hoffman*2023 · 12 citations*
73. [**Construction of an English Dependency Corpus incorporating Compound Function Words**Akihiko Kato, Hiroyuki Shindo, Yuji Matsumoto*2016 · 12 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kato-2016-construction-english-dependency-corpus-incorporating/)
74. [**Multi-word expressions in textual inference: Much ado about nothing?**Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Sebastian Padó, Christopher D. Manning*2009 · 12 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/marneffe-2009-multi-word-expressions-textual-inference/)
75. **[Memorization or Reasoning? Exploring the Idiom Understanding of LLMs](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kim-2025-memorization-or-reasoning-exploring-idiom/) [Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/)**Jisu Kim, Youngwoo Shin, Uiji Hwang, et al.*2025 · 11 citations*
76. **[Are Frequent Phrases Directly Retrieved like Idioms? An Investigation with Self-Paced Reading and Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rambelli-2023-are-frequent-phrases-directly-retrieved/) [Workshop on Multiword Expressions (MWE)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/mwe/)**Giulia Rambelli, Emmanuele Chersoni, Marco S. G. Senaldi, et al.*2023 · 11 citations*
77. **[How Are Idioms Processed Inside Transformer Language Models?](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/tian-2023-how-are-idioms-processed-inside/) [Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/starsem/)**Ye Tian, Isobel James, Hye Son*2023 · 11 citations*
78. **[IEKG: A Commonsense Knowledge Graph for Idiomatic Expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zeng-2023-iekg-commonsense-knowledge-graph-idiomatic/) [Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/)**Ziheng Zeng, Kellen Tan Cheng, Srihari Venkat Nanniyur, et al.*2023 · 11 citations*
79. [**Comprehensive and Consistent PropBank Light Verb Annotation**Claire Bonial, Martha Palmer*2016 · 10 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bonial-2016-comprehensive-consistent-propbank-light-verb/)
80. **[Edition 2.0 of the PARSEME shared task on multilingual identification and paraphrasing of multiword expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/scholivet-2026-edition-2-0-parseme-shared/) [Workshop on Multiword Expressions (MWE)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/mwe/)**Manon Scholivet, Agata Savary, Carlos Ramisch, et al.*2026 · 9 citations*
81. **[A Parallel Cross-Lingual Benchmark for Multimodal Idiomaticity Understanding](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/selamet-2026-parallel-cross-lingual-benchmark-multimodal/) [Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/lrec/)**Dilara Torunoğlu-Selamet, Doğukan Arslan, Rodrigo Wilkens, et al.*2026 · 8 citations*
82. **[Metaphorical Expressions in Automatic Arabic Sentiment Analysis](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/alsiyat-2020-metaphorical-expressions-automatic-arabic-sentiment/) [Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/lrec/)**Israa Alsiyat, Scott Piao*2020 · 8 citations*
83. [**UMR Annotation of Multiword Expressions**Julia Bonn, Andrew Cowell, Jan Hajič, et al.*2023 · 7 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bonn-2023-umr-annotation-multiword-expressions/)
84. [**English Multiword Expression-aware Dependency Parsing Including Named Entities**Akihiko Kato, Hiroyuki Shindo, Yuji Matsumoto*2017 · 7 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kato-2017-english-multiword-expression-aware-dependency/)
85. [**A Lexical Resource of Hebrew Verb-Noun Multi-Word Expressions**Chaya Liebeskind, Yaakov HaCohen-Kerner*2016 · 6 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/liebeskind-2016-lexical-resource-hebrew-verb-noun/)
86. **[Unsupervised Construction of a Lexicon and a Repository of Variation Patterns for Arabic Modal Multiword Expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sabbagh-2014-unsupervised-construction-lexicon-repository-variation/) [Workshop on Multiword Expressions (MWE)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/mwe/)**Rania Al-Sabbagh, Roxana Girju, Jana Diesner*2014 · 6 citations*
87. **[A Survey of Idiom Datasets for Psycholinguistic and Computational Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/flor-2025-survey-idiom-datasets-psycholinguistic-computational/) [Conference on Natural Language Processing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/konvens/)**Michael Flor, Xinyi Liu, Anna Feldman*2025 · 5 citations*
88. **[Annotating Verbal Multiword Expressions in Arabic: Assessing the Validity of a Multilingual Annotation Procedure](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mohamed-2022-annotating-verbal-multiword-expressions-arabic/) [Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/lrec/)**Najet Hadj Mohamed, Cherifa Ben Khelil, Agata Savary, et al.*2022 · 5 citations*
89. **[A dictionary of legal English collocations as an aid for mastering the legal English genre](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mroczynska-2020-dictionary-legal-english-collocations-aid/) [Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/linguistics-beyond-and-within-lingbaw/)**Katarzyna Mroczyńska*2020 · 5 citations*
90. **[Diachronic Analysis of Multi-word Expression Functional Categories in Scientific English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/alves-2024-diachronic-analysis-multi-word-expression/) [Workshop on Multiword Expressions (MWE)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/mwe/)**Diego Alves, Stefania Degaetano-Ortlieb, Elena Schmidt, et al.*2024 · 4 citations*
91. [**Neural Lemmatization of Multiword Expressions**Marine Schmitt, Mathieu Constant*2019 · 4 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/schmitt-2019-neural-lemmatization-multiword-expressions/)
92. [**Concordance-Based Data-Driven Learning Activities and Learning English Phrasal Verbs in EFL Classrooms Issues in Language Teaching 3**Mohammad Reza Anani Sarab, Amir Kardoust*2014 · 4 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sarab-2014-concordance-based-data-driven-learning/)
93. **[PARSEME 2.0 Multilingual Corpus of Multiword Expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/savary-2026-parseme-2-0-multilingual-corpus/) [Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/lrec/)**Agata Savary, Manon Scholivet, Carlos Ramisch, et al.*2026 · 3 citations*
94. **[A Canonical Form for Flexible Multiword Expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/odijk-2024-canonical-form-flexible-multiword-expressions/) [Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/lrec/)**Jan Odijk, Martin Kroon*2024 · 3 citations*
95. [**A Dataset for Metaphor Detection in Early Medieval Hebrew Poetry**Michael Toker, Oren Mishali, Ophir Münz-Manor, et al.*2024 · 3 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/toker-2024-dataset-metaphor-detection-early-medieval/)
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100. [**Extracting Headless MWEs from Dependency Parse Trees: Parsing, Tagging, and Joint Modeling Approaches**Tianze Shi, Lillian Lee*2020 · 3 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shi-2020-extracting-headless-mwes-dependency-parse/)
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110. **[From Trial by Fire to Sleep like a Baby: A Lexicon of Anxiety Associations for 20K English Multi-Word Expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mohammad-2026-trial-fire-sleep-like-baby/) [Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/lrec/)**Saif M. Mohammad*2026 · 1 citation*
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113. **[Surprisal and Metaphor Novelty Judgments: Moderate Correlations and Divergent Scaling Effects Revealed by Corpus-Based and Synthetic Datasets](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/momen-2026-surprisal-metaphor-novelty-judgments-moderate/) [Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/eacl/)**Omar Momen, Emilie Sitter, Berenike Herrmann, et al.*2026 · 1 citation*
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118. [**Difficulties Facing Iranian EFL Senior High School Learners and Strategies They Use to Understand English Idioms Issues in Language Teaching 7**Vahid Shahidipour, Mohammad Hassan Tahririan*2018 · 1 citation*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shahidipour-2018-difficulties-facing-iranian-efl-senior/)
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122. **[alexandru412 at MWE-2026 AdMIRe 2.0: Advancing Multimodal Idiomaticity Representation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/marian-2026-alexandru412-mwe-2026-admire-2/) [Workshop on Multiword Expressions (MWE)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/mwe/)**Cristea Alexandru-Marian*2026*
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