---
title: "Treebanks — papers and Mova's parsed corpora"
description: "Treebanks in plain words: corpora where every sentence has its tree, how Mova builds and checks its own, and our cards of the papers on treebanks."
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/treebanks/"
---
[Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/treebanks/)

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# Treebanks

139 paper cards from the Research library · 1 of them with an idea Mova measured or kept · page 1 of 2

## What it is

A treebank is a collection of sentences where each one comes with its grammatical tree, drawn or checked by people. The Penn Treebank of English newspaper text made statistical parsing possible; today the Universal Dependencies treebanks cover more than a hundred languages.

Treebanks are how parsers learn and how they are measured. Building one is slow, careful work: guidelines, trained annotators, agreement checks. Every treebank also has its own habits, and knowing them matters as much as the trees themselves.

## How Mova does it

Mova keeps a folder for every UD treebank it uses, with its annotation habits and converters, and builds its own silver corpus of English trees. On this site every sentence of its corpora — the Tanakh, the school lessons and the fairy tales — has its own page with its tree drawn word by word.

- [Treebanks: seeds, papers and converters](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/treebanks/)
- [Mova's own corpus: silver UD for English](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/corpus/)
- [The corpora, sentence by sentence](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/)

## The papers (139)

Cards with a measured or kept idea first, then by citations.

Pages: **1** · [2](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/treebanks/page/2/)

1. [How Bad is the Problem of PP-Attachment? A Comparison of English, German and Swedish](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2006-volk-how-bad-is-problem-pp/) `2 ideas kept` *— [Martin Volk](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martin-volk/), 2006 · 1 citations*
2. [The Proposition Bank: An Annotated Corpus of Semantic Roles](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/palmer-2005-proposition-bank-annotated-corpus-semantic/) *— [Martha Palmer](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martha-palmer/), [Daniel Gildea](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-gildea/), [Paul Kingsbury](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/paul-kingsbury/), 2005 · 2273 citations*
3. [The Penn Discourse TreeBank 2.0.](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/disc-2008-prasad-penn-discourse-treebank-2-0/) *— [Rashmi Prasad](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/rashmi-prasad/), Nikhil Dinesh, [Alan Lee](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alan-lee/), [Eleni Miltsakaki](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/eleni-miltsakaki/) et al., 2008 · 1106 citations*
4. [Universal Dependencies v1: A Multilingual Treebank Collection](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2016-nivre-universal-dependencies-v1-multilingual-treebank/) *— [Joakim Nivre](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/joakim-nivre/), [Marie-Catherine de Marneffe](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/marie-catherine-de-marneffe/), [Filip Ginter](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/filip-ginter/), [Yoav Goldberg](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yoav-goldberg/) et al., 2016 · 1028 citations*
5. [CoNLL-X Shared Task on Multilingual Dependency Parsing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/parsers-2006-buchholz-conll-x-shared-task-multilingual/) *— Sabine Buchholz, [Erwin Marsi](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/erwin-marsi/), 2006 · 963 citations*
6. [The Penn Treebank: Annotating Predicate Argument Structure](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-1994-marcus-penn-treebank-annotating-predicate-argument/) *— [Mitchell Marcus](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mitchell-marcus/), Grace Kim, [Mary Ann Marcinkiewicz](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mary-ann-marcinkiewicz/), Robert MacIntyre et al., 1994 · 742 citations*
7. [Tokenizing, POS Tagging, Lemmatizing and Parsing UD 2.0 with UDPipe](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2017-straka-tokenizing-pos-tagging-lemmatizing-parsing/) *— [Milan Straka](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/milan-straka/), [Jana Straková](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jana-strakova/), 2017 · 567 citations*
8. [From TreeBank to PropBank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kingsbury-2002-treebank-propbank/) *— [Paul Kingsbury](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/paul-kingsbury/), [Martha Palmer](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martha-palmer/), 2002 · 533 citations*
9. [Building a Large Annotated Corpus of English: The Penn Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-1993-marcus-building-large-annotated-corpus-english/) *— Mitchell P. Marcus, [Beatrice Santorini](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/beatrice-santorini/), [Mary Ann Marcinkiewicz](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mary-ann-marcinkiewicz/), 1993 · 489 citations*
10. [Part-of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the Penn Treebank Project (3rd Revision)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/santorini-1990-part-of-speech-tagging-guidelines-penn-treebank/) *— [Beatrice Santorini](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/beatrice-santorini/), 1990 · 434 citations*
11. [CCGbank: A Corpus of CCG Derivations and Dependency Structures Extracted from the Penn Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2007-hockenmaier-ccgbank-corpus-ccg-derivations-dependency/) *— Julia Hockenmaier, [Mark Steedman](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mark-steedman/), 2007 · 383 citations*
12. [CoNLL 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2017-zeman-conll-2017-shared-task-multilingual/) *— [Daniel Zeman](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-zeman/), [Martin Popel](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martin-popel/), [Milan Straka](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/milan-straka/), [Jan Hajič](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jan-hajic/) et al., 2017 · 367 citations*
13. [UDPipe: Trainable Pipeline for Processing CoNLL-U Files Performing Tokenization, Morphological Analysis, POS Tagging and Parsing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2016-straka-udpipe-trainable-pipeline-processing-conll/) *— [Milan Straka](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/milan-straka/), [Jan Hajič](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jan-hajic/), [Jana Straková](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jana-strakova/), 2016 · 350 citations*
14. [Universal Dependencies v2: An Evergrowing Multilingual Treebank Collection](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2020-nivre-universal-dependencies-v2-evergrowing-multilingual/) *— [Joakim Nivre](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/joakim-nivre/), [Marie-Catherine de Marneffe](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/marie-catherine-de-marneffe/), [Filip Ginter](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/filip-ginter/), [Jan Hajič](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jan-hajic/) et al., 2020 · 325 citations*
15. [The Penn Discourse Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/miltsakaki-2004-penn-discourse-treebank/) *— [Eleni Miltsakaki](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/eleni-miltsakaki/), [Rashmi Prasad](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/rashmi-prasad/), [Aravind Joshi](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aravind-joshi/), [Bonnie Webber](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bonnie-webber/), 2004 · 307 citations*
16. [Extended Constituent-to-Dependency Conversion for English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/map-2007-johansson-extended-constituent-dependency-conversion-english/) *— [Richard Johansson](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/richard-johansson/), [Pierre Nugues](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/pierre-nugues/), 2007 · 275 citations*
17. [75 Languages, 1 Model: Parsing Universal Dependencies Universally](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2019-kondratyuk-75-languages-1-model-parsing/) *— Dan Kondratyuk, [Milan Straka](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/milan-straka/), 2019 · 225 citations*
18. [LinGO Redwoods: A Rich and Dynamic Treebank for HPSG](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/enprag-2004-oepen-lingo-redwoods-rich-dynamic-treebank/) *— [Stephan Oepen](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/stephan-oepen/), [Dan Flickinger](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dan-flickinger/), [Kristina Toutanova](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kristina-toutanova/), [Christopher D. Manning](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/christopher-d-manning/), 2004 · 139 citations*
19. [The LinGO Redwoods Treebank: Motivation and Preliminary Applications](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2002-oepen-lingo-redwoods-treebank-motivation-preliminary/) *— [Stephan Oepen](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/stephan-oepen/), [Kristina Toutanova](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kristina-toutanova/), [Stuart Shieber](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/stuart-shieber/), [Christopher Manning](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/christopher-manning/) et al., 2002 · 135 citations*
20. [CATiB: The Columbia Arabic Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2009-habash-catib-columbia-arabic-treebank/) *— [Nizar Habash](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nizar-habash/), [Ryan Roth](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ryan-roth/), 2009 · 131 citations*
21. [UDPipe 2.0 Prototype at CoNLL 2018 UD Shared Task](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2018-straka-udpipe-2-0-prototype-conll/) *— [Milan Straka](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/milan-straka/), 2018 · 115 citations*
22. [Parsing Arabic Dialects](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2006-chiang-parsing-arabic-dialects/) *— [David Chiang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/david-chiang/), [Mona Diab](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mona-diab/), [Nizar Habash](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nizar-habash/), [Owen Rambow](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/owen-rambow/) et al., 2006 · 108 citations*
23. [Trankit: A Light-Weight Transformer-based Toolkit for Multilingual Natural Language Processing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2021-nguyen-trankit-light-weight-transformer-based/) *— Minh Van Nguyen, Viet Dac Lai, [Amir Pouran Ben Veyseh](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/amir-pouran-ben-veyseh/), [Thien Huu Nguyen](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/thien-huu-nguyen/), 2021 · 107 citations*
24. [Developing an Arabic Treebank: Methods, Guidelines, Procedures, and Tools](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2004-maamouri-developing-arabic-treebank-methods-guidelines/) *— [Mohamed Maamouri](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mohamed-maamouri/), [Ann Bies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ann-bies/), 2004 · 99 citations*
25. [Adding Noun Phrase Structure to the Penn Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2007-vadas-adding-noun-phrase-structure-penn/) *— [David Vadas](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/david-vadas/), [James Curran](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/james-curran/), 2007 · 94 citations*
26. [Reflections on the Penn Discourse TreeBank, Comparable Corpora, and Complementary Annotation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/prasad-2014-reflections-penn-discourse-treebank-comparable/) *— [Rashmi Prasad](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/rashmi-prasad/), [Bonnie Webber](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bonnie-webber/), [Aravind Joshi](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aravind-joshi/), 2014 · 91 citations*
27. [Fully Parsing the Penn Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2006-gabbard-fully-parsing-penn-treebank/) *— [Ryan Gabbard](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ryan-gabbard/), [Seth Kulick](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/seth-kulick/), [Mitchell Marcus](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mitchell-marcus/), 2006 · 76 citations*
28. [Frustratingly Hard Domain Adaptation for Dependency Parsing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2007-dredze-frustratingly-hard-domain-adaptation-dependency/) *— Mark Dredze, John Blitzer, Partha Pratim Talukdar, Kuzman Ganchev et al., 2007 · 72 citations*
29. [WikiCoref: An English Coreference-annotated Corpus of Wikipedia Articles](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ghaddar-2016-wikicoref-english-coreference-annotated-corpus/) *— Abbas Ghaddar, Phillippe Langlais, 2016 · 67 citations*
30. [Extracting and evaluating general world knowledge from the Brown Corpus](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/schubert-2003-extracting-evaluating-general-world-knowledge/) *— Lenhart Schubert, Matthew Tong, 2003 · 66 citations*
31. [CoNLL 2018 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2018-zeman-conll-2018-shared-task-multilingual/) *— [Daniel Zeman](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-zeman/), [Jan Hajič](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jan-hajic/), [Martin Popel](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martin-popel/), [Martin Potthast](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martin-potthast/) et al., 2018 · 61 citations*
32. [The Galactic Dependencies Treebanks: Getting More Data by Synthesizing New Languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2016-wang-galactic-dependencies-treebanks-getting-more/) *— Dingquan Wang, [Jason Eisner](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jason-eisner/), 2016 · 58 citations*
33. [LinES: An English-Swedish Parallel Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2007-ahrenberg-lines-english-swedish-parallel-treebank/) *— [Lars Ahrenberg](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/lars-ahrenberg/), 2007 · 47 citations*
34. [SciDTB: Discourse Dependency TreeBank for Scientific Abstracts](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/yang-2018-scidtb-discourse-dependency-treebank-scientific/) *— An Yang, Sujian Li, 2018 · 42 citations*
35. [Joint Syntacto-Discourse Parsing and the Syntacto-Discourse Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhao-2017-joint-syntacto-discourse-parsing-syntacto/) *— Kai Zhao, [Liang Huang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/liang-huang/), 2017 · 39 citations*
36. [Translation Divergences in Chinese–English Machine Translation: An Empirical Investigation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/deng-2017-translation-divergences-chinese-english-machine/) *— Dun Deng, [Nianwen Xue](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nianwen-xue/), 2017 · 39 citations*
37. [Coordination Structures in Dependency Treebanks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2013-popel-coordination-structures-dependency-treebanks/) *— [Martin Popel](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martin-popel/), [David Mareček](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/david-marecek/), [Jan Štěpánek](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jan-stepanek/), [Daniel Zeman](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-zeman/) et al., 2013 · 39 citations*
38. [Syntactic Annotation Guidelines for the Quranic Arabic Dependency Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2010-dukes-syntactic-annotation-guidelines-quranic-arabic/) *— [Kais Dukes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kais-dukes/), [Eric Atwell](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/eric-atwell/), Abdul-Baquee M. Sharaf, 2010 · 39 citations*
39. [UniMorph 4.0: Universal Morphology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lex-2022-batsuren-unimorph-4/) *— [Khuyagbaatar Batsuren](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/khuyagbaatar-batsuren/), [Omer Goldman](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/omer-goldman/), [Salam Khalifa](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/salam-khalifa/), 2022 · 37 citations*
40. [Enhancing Universal Dependency Treebanks: A Case Study](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2018-nivre-enhancing-universal-dependency-treebanks-case/) *— [Joakim Nivre](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/joakim-nivre/), Paola Marongiu, [Filip Ginter](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/filip-ginter/), [Jenna Kanerva](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jenna-kanerva/) et al., 2018 · 34 citations*
41. [Overview of the IWPT 2020 Shared Task on Parsing into Enhanced Universal Dependencies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2020-bouma-overview-iwpt-2020-shared-task/) *— [Gosse Bouma](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/gosse-bouma/), [Djamé Seddah](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/djame-seddah/), [Daniel Zeman](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-zeman/), 2020 · 31 citations*
42. [A Dependency Treebank for English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2002-rambow-dependency-treebank-english/) *— [Owen Rambow](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/owen-rambow/), Cassandre Creswell, Rachel Szekely, Harriet Taber et al., 2002 · 31 citations*
43. [Evaluating Dependency Parsing: Robust and Heuristics-Free Cross-Annotation Evaluation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2011-tsarfaty-evaluating-dependency-parsing-robust-heuristics/) *— [Reut Tsarfaty](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/reut-tsarfaty/), [Joakim Nivre](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/joakim-nivre/), Evelina Andersson, 2011 · 27 citations*
44. [Merging PropBank, NomBank, TimeBank, Penn Discourse Treebank and Coreference](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pustejovsky-2005-merging-propbank-nombank-timebank-penn/) *— [James Pustejovsky](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/james-pustejovsky/), [Adam Meyers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/adam-meyers/), [Martha Palmer](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martha-palmer/), [Massimo Poesio](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/massimo-poesio/), 2005 · 26 citations*
45. [Udapi: Universal API for Universal Dependencies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/popel-2017-udapi-universal-api-universal-dependencies/) *— [Martin Popel](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martin-popel/), [Zdeněk Žabokrtský](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/zdenek-zabokrtsku/), Martin Vojtek, 2017 · 25 citations*
46. [Statistical Parsing by Machine Learning from a Classical Arabic Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/langstream-2015-dukes-statistical-parsing-machine-learning-classical/) *— [Kais Dukes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kais-dukes/), 2015 · 25 citations*
47. [Easy-First Dependency Parsing of Modern Hebrew](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2010-goldberg-easy-first-dependency-parsing-modern/) *— [Yoav Goldberg](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yoav-goldberg/), [Michael Elhadad](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/michael-elhadad/), 2010 · 23 citations*
48. [Morphologically Annotated Corpora for Seven Arabic Dialects: Taizi, Sanaani, Najdi, Jordanian, Syrian, Iraqi and Moroccan](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2019-alshargi-morphologically-annotated-corpora-seven-arabic/) *— Faisal Alshargi, Shahd Dibas, Sakhar Alkhereyf, [Reem Faraj](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/reem-faraj/) et al., 2019 · 22 citations*
49. [Joint Prediction of Morphosyntactic Categories for Fine-Grained Arabic Part-of-Speech Tagging Exploiting Tag Dictionary Information](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lingbulk-2017-inoue-joint-prediction-morphosyntactic-categories-fine/) *— [Go Inoue](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/go-inoue/), [Hiroyuki Shindo](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/hiroyuki-shindo/), [Yuji Matsumoto](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yuji-matsumoto/), 2017 · 21 citations*
50. [Automatic Detection and Correction of Errors in Dependency Treebanks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2011-volokh-automatic-detection-correction-errors-dependency/) *— Alexander Volokh, Günter Neumann, 2011 · 20 citations*
51. [Assessing the Annotation Consistency of the Universal Dependencies Corpora](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/marneffe-2017-assessing-annotation-consistency-universal-dependencies/) *— [Marie-Catherine de Marneffe](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/marie-catherine-de-marneffe/), Matias Grioni, [Jenna Kanerva](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jenna-kanerva/), [Filip Ginter](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/filip-ginter/), 2017 · 19 citations*
52. [Unsupervised Morphology Rivals Supervised Morphology for Arabic MT](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2012-stallard-unsupervised-morphology-rivals-supervised-morphology/) *— David Stallard, Jacob Devlin, Michael Kayser, Yoong Keok Lee et al., 2012 · 19 citations*
53. [Arabic Syntactic Trees: from Constituency to Dependency](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/map-2003-zabokrtsky-arabic-syntactic-trees-constituency-dependency/) *— Zdenek Zabokrtsky, [Otakar Smrz](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/otakar-smrz/), 2003 · 19 citations*
54. [Converting an English-Swedish Parallel Treebank to Universal Dependencies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2015-ahrenberg-converting-english-swedish-parallel-treebank/) *— [Lars Ahrenberg](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/lars-ahrenberg/), 2015 · 17 citations*
55. [Parsing Noun Phrases in the Penn Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2011-vadas-parsing-noun-phrases-penn-treebank/) *— [David Vadas](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/david-vadas/), [James R. Curran](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/james-r-curran/), 2011 · 15 citations*
56. [The Denoised Web Treebank: Evaluating Dependency Parsing under Noisy Input Conditions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lingbulk-2016-daiber-denoised-web-treebank-evaluating-dependency/) *— Joachim Daiber, [Rob van der Goot](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/rob-van-der-goot/), 2016 · 14 citations*
57. [Improving Arabic Dependency Parsing with Form-based and Functional Morphological Features](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2011-marton-improving-arabic-dependency-parsing-form/) *— [Yuval Marton](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yuval-marton/), [Nizar Habash](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nizar-habash/), [Owen Rambow](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/owen-rambow/), 2011 · 13 citations*
58. [Using the Penn Treebank to Evaluate Non-Treebank Parsers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2004-ringger-penn-treebank-evaluate-non-treebank/) *— Eric K. Ringger, Robert C. Moore, [Eugene Charniak](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/eugene-charniak/), Lucy Vanderwende et al., 2004 · 13 citations*
59. [What determines the order of adjectives in English? Comparing efficiency-based theories using dependency treebanks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2020-futrell-what-determines-order-adjectives-english/) *— Richard Futrell, William Dyer, Greg Scontras, 2020 · 12 citations*
60. [Towards the Annotation of Penn TreeBank with Information Structure](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bohnet-2013-annotation-penn-treebank-information-structure/) *— [Bernd Bohnet](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bernd-bohnet/), [Alicia Burga](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alicia-burga/), [Leo Wanner](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/leo-wanner/), 2013 · 12 citations*
61. [The Hebrew Universal Dependency Treebank: Past, Present and Future](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2018-sade-hebrew-universal-dependency-treebank-past/) *— Shoval Sade, [Amit Seker](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/amit-seker/), [Reut Tsarfaty](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/reut-tsarfaty/), 2018 · 11 citations*
62. [MWEs in Treebanks: From Survey to Guidelines](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2016-rosen-mwes-treebanks-survey-guidelines/) *— [Victoria Rosén](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/victoria-rosen/), Koenraad De Smedt, Gyri Smørdal Losnegaard, Eduard Bejček et al., 2016 · 11 citations*
63. [A Dependency Treebank of Spoken Second Language English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kyle-2022-dependency-treebank-spoken-second-language/) *— [Kristopher Kyle](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kristopher-kyle/), Masaki Eguchi, Aaron Miller, Theodore Sither, 2022 · 10 citations*
64. [Arabic Multi-Dialect Segmentation: bi-LSTM-CRF vs. SVM](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/langstream-2017-eldesouki-arabic-multi-dialect-segmentation-bi/) *— [Mohamed Eldesouki](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mohamed-eldesouki/), [Younes Samih](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/younes-samih/), [Ahmed Abdelali](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ahmed-abdelali/), [Mohammed Attia](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mohammed-attia/) et al., 2017 · 10 citations*
65. [Annotating Coordination in the Penn Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/maier-2012-annotating-coordination-penn-treebank/) *— Wolfgang Maier, [Sandra Kübler](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/sandra-kubler/), [Erhard Hinrichs](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/erhard-hinrichs/), Julia Krivanek, 2012 · 10 citations*
66. [I3rab: A New Arabic Dependency Treebank Based on Arabic Grammatical Theory](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/langstream-2020-halabi-i3rab-new-arabic-dependency-treebank/) *— Dana Halabi, Ebaa Fayyoumi, Arafat Awajan, 2020 · 9 citations*
67. [An Arabic Dependency Treebank in the Travel Domain](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/langstream-2019-taji-arabic-dependency-treebank-travel-domain/) *— [Dima Taji](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dima-taji/), [Jamila El Gizuli](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jamila-el-gizuli/), [Nizar Habash](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nizar-habash/), 2019 · 9 citations*
68. [All Roads Lead to UD: Converting Stanford and Penn Parses to English Universal Dependencies with Multilayer Annotations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/peng-2018-all-roads-lead-ud-converting/) *— [Siyao Peng](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/siyao-peng/), [Amir Zeldes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/amir-zeldes/), 2018 · 9 citations*
69. [Graph-to-Graph Transformer for Transition-based Dependency Parsing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2020-mohammadshahi-graph-graph-transformer-transition-based/) *— [Alireza Mohammadshahi](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alireza-mohammadshahi/), [James Henderson](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/james-henderson/), 2020 · 8 citations*
70. [A non-projective greedy dependency parser with bidirectional LSTMs](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2017-vilares-non-projective-greedy-dependency-parser/) *— David Vilares, [Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/carlos-gomez-rodriguez/), 2017 · 8 citations*
71. [Diacritic Annotation in the Arabic Treebank and its Impact on Parser Evaluation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2008-maamouri-diacritic-annotation-arabic-treebank-its/) *— [Mohamed Maamouri](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mohamed-maamouri/), [Seth Kulick](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/seth-kulick/), [Ann Bies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ann-bies/), 2008 · 8 citations*
72. [Dependency Tree Transformation with Tree Transducers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hennig-2017-dependency-tree-transformation-tree-transducers/) *— Felix Hennig, Arne Köhn, 2017 · 7 citations*
73. [Correcting Dependency Annotation Errors](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/dickinson-2009-correcting-dependency-annotation-errors/) *— [Markus Dickinson](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/markus-dickinson/), 2009 · 7 citations*
74. [Using Modern Languages to Parse Ancient Ones: a Test on Old English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/villa-2023-modern-languages-parse-ancient-ones/) *— [Luca Brigada Villa](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/luca-brigada-villa/), [Martina Giarda](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martina-giarda/), 2023 · 6 citations*
75. [Akkadian Treebank for early Neo-Assyrian Royal Inscriptions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/treebanks-2020-luukko-akkadian-treebank-early-neo-assyrian/) *— Mikko Luukko, [Aleksi Sahala](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aleksi-sahala/), Sam Hardwick, [Krister Lindén](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/krister-linden/), 2020 · 6 citations*
76. [Errator: a Tool to Help Detect Annotation Errors in the Universal Dependencies Project](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2018-wisniewski-errator-tool-help-detect-annotation/) *— [Guillaume Wisniewski](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/guillaume-wisniewski/), 2018 · 6 citations*
77. [Mind the Gap: Data Enrichment in Dependency Parsing of Elliptical Constructions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2018-droganova-mind-gap-data-enrichment-dependency/) *— [Kira Droganova](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kira-droganova/), [Filip Ginter](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/filip-ginter/), [Jenna Kanerva](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jenna-kanerva/), [Daniel Zeman](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-zeman/), 2018 · 6 citations*
78. [Semantic Tagging for the Penn Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/palmer-2000-semantic-tagging-penn-treebank/) *— [Martha Palmer](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martha-palmer/), Hoa Trang Dang, [Joseph Rosenzweig](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/joseph-rosenzweig/), 2000 · 6 citations*
79. [Universal Morpho-Syntactic Parsing and the Contribution of Lexica: Analyzing the ONLP Lab Submission to the CoNLL 2018 Shared Task](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2018-seker-universal-morpho-syntactic-parsing-contribution/) *— [Amit Seker](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/amit-seker/), [Amir More](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/amir-more/), [Reut Tsarfaty](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/reut-tsarfaty/), 2018 · 5 citations*
80. [Further Developments in Treebank Error Detection Using Derivation Trees](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kulick-2012-further-developments-treebank-error-detection/) *— [Seth Kulick](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/seth-kulick/), [Ann Bies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ann-bies/), [Justin Mott](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/justin-mott/), 2012 · 5 citations*
81. [The Types and Distributions of Errors in a Wide Coverage Surface Realizer Evaluation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/callaway-2005-types-distributions-errors-wide-coverage/) *— Charles Callaway, 2005 · 5 citations*
82. [The Aligned Multimodal Movie Treebank: An audio, video, dependency-parse treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2022-yaari-aligned-multimodal-movie-treebank-audio/) *— Adam Yaari, Jan DeWitt, Henry Hu, Bennett Stankovits et al., 2022 · 4 citations*
83. [Nested Coordination in Universal Dependencies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2019-przepiorkowski-nested-coordination-universal-dependencies/) *— [Adam Przepiórkowski](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/adam-przepiorkowski/), Agnieszka Patejuk, 2019 · 4 citations*
84. [A Cross-Task Flexible Transition Model for Arabic Tokenization, Affix Detection, Affix Labeling, POS Tagging, and Dependency Parsing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2013-tratz-cross-task-flexible-transition-model/) *— Stephen Tratz, 2013 · 4 citations*
85. [German and English Treebanks and Lexica for Tree-Adjoining Grammars](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kaeshammer-2012-german-english-treebanks-lexica-tree/) *— Miriam Kaeshammer, [Vera Demberg](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/vera-demberg/), 2012 · 4 citations*
86. [Construct State Modification in the Arabic Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2008-gabbard-construct-state-modification-arabic-treebank/) *— [Ryan Gabbard](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ryan-gabbard/), [Seth Kulick](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/seth-kulick/), 2008 · 4 citations*
87. [Integrating Graph-Based and Transition-Based Dependency Parsers in the Deep Contextualized Era](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2020-falenska-integrating-graph-based-transition-based/) *— [Agnieszka Falenska](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/agnieszka-falenska/), [Anders Björkelund](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/anders-bjorkelund/), [Jonas Kuhn](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jonas-kuhn/), 2020 · 3 citations*
88. [NoEl: An Annotated Corpus for Noun Ellipsis in English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gram-2020-khullar-noel-annotated-corpus-noun-ellipsis/) *— [Payal Khullar](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/payal-khullar/), Kushal Majmundar, [Manish Shrivastava](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/manish-shrivastava/), 2020 · 3 citations*
89. [Approximate Dynamic Oracle for Dependency Parsing with Reinforcement Learning](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2018-yu-approximate-dynamic-oracle-dependency-parsing/) *— [Xiang Yu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/xiang-yu/), [Ngoc Thang Vu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ngoc-thang-vu/), [Jonas Kuhn](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jonas-kuhn/), 2018 · 3 citations*
90. [A Factored Functional Dependency Transformation of the English Penn Treebank for Probabilistic Surface Generation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/geary-2006-factored-functional-dependency-transformation-english/) *— Irene Langkilde-Geary, Justin Betteridge, 2006 · 3 citations*
91. [Data-driven Parsing Evaluation for Child-Parent Interactions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2023-liu-data-driven-parsing-evaluation-child/) *— [Zoey Liu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/zoey-liu/), [Emily Prud'hommeaux](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/emily-prud-hommeaux/), 2023 · 2 citations*
92. [Comparing Neural Network Parsers for a Less-resourced and Morphologically-rich Language: Amharic Dependency Parser](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2020-seyoum-comparing-neural-network-parsers-less/) *— [Binyam Ephrem Seyoum](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/binyam-ephrem-seyoum/), [Yusuke Miyao](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yusuke-miyao/), [Baye Yimam Mekonnen](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/baye-yimam-mekonnen/), 2020 · 2 citations*
93. [Estimating POS Annotation Consistency of Different Treebanks in a Language](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aggarwal-2020-estimating-pos-annotation-consistency-different/) *— Akshay Aggarwal, [Daniel Zeman](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-zeman/), 2020 · 2 citations*
94. [Sentence Boundary Detection on Line Breaks in Japanese](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2020-hayashibe-sentence-boundary-detection-line-breaks/) *— Yuta Hayashibe, Kensuke Mitsuzawa, 2020 · 2 citations*
95. [Annotation Scheme for English Argument Structure Constructions Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2024-sung-annotation-scheme-english-argument-structure/) *— Hakyung Sung, [Kristopher Kyle](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kristopher-kyle/), 2024 · 1 citations*
96. [Out-of-Domain Dependency Parsing for Dialects of Arabic: A Case Study](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2024-mokh-out-domain-dependency-parsing-dialects/) *— [Noor Abo Mokh](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/noor-abo-mokh/), Daniel Dakota, [Sandra Kübler](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/sandra-kubler/), 2024 · 1 citations*
97. [Are UD Treebanks Getting More Consistent? A Report Card for English UD](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zeldes-2023-are-ud-treebanks-getting-more/) *— [Amir Zeldes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/amir-zeldes/), [Nathan Schneider](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nathan-schneider/), 2023 · 1 citations*
98. [Camel Treebank: An Open Multi-genre Arabic Dependency Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lingbulk-2022-habash-camel-treebank-open-multi-genre/) *— [Nizar Habash](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nizar-habash/), [Muhammed AbuOdeh](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/muhammed-abuodeh/), [Dima Taji](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dima-taji/), [Reem Faraj](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/reem-faraj/) et al., 2022 · 1 citations*
99. [Annotation guidelines of UD and SUD treebanks for spoken corpora: A proposal](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ud-2021-kahane-annotation-guidelines-ud-sud-treebanks/) *— [Sylvain Kahane](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/sylvain-kahane/), Bernard Caron, Emmett Strickland, Kim Gerdes, 2021 · 1 citations*
100. [Mischievous nominal constructions in Universal Dependencies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/schneider-2021-mischievous-nominal-constructions-universal-dependencies/) *— [Nathan Schneider](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nathan-schneider/), [Amir Zeldes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/amir-zeldes/), 2021 · 1 citations*

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