---
title: "University of Toronto — research, people and papers"
description: "University of Toronto (Toronto, Canada): 40 works on the Elamur Research site, 19 people with a page, 49,261 citations; its topics, units and the…"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-toronto/"
---
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[home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [institutions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/) / [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/) / University of Toronto

# University of Toronto

University [Toronto](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/toronto/), [Canada](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/canada/)in the agglomeration of [Toronto](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/toronto/)

- [Website](https://www.utoronto.ca)
- [ROR](https://ror.org/03dbr7087)
- [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/I185261750)
- [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180865)

[**40** works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-toronto/works/) · [**90** people with a page](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-toronto/authors/) · [**49,261** citations of these works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-toronto/works/) · [**6,230** citations in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-toronto/works/)

## People (90)

Authors with a page here who worked or studied at University of Toronto: first those whose cited work was done most here; beside each, their citations.

### Core (19)

Confirmed by their records, or by their bylines here with a fair part of their work.

- [Ruslan Salakhutdinov](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ruslan-salakhutdinov/) — 2003–2017 on 74 papers · education (Wikidata) · employment (Wikidata) · 13 papers here · 28,906 citations
- [Ryan Kiros](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ryan-kiros/) — current · 2014–2016 on 11 papers · 3 papers here · 12,415 citations
- [Jimmy Ba](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jimmy-ba/) — 2013–2025 on 50 papers · 5 papers here · 10,561 citations
- [Geoffrey Hinton](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/geoffrey-hinton/) — current · 1987–2026 on 194 papers · 5 papers here · 25,530 citations
- [Richard Zemel](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/richard-zemel/) — current · 2006–2015 on 12 papers · 3 papers here · 12,326 citations
- [Alex Graves](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alex-graves/) — 2011–2013 on 15 papers · 2 papers here · 7,450 citations
- [Graeme Hirst](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/graeme-hirst/) — current · 1984–2024 on 167 papers · employment (ORCID) · employment (Wikidata) · 8 papers here · 4,455 citations
- [Adam Santoro](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/adam-santoro/) — 2013–2018 on 11 papers · 3 papers here · 5,695 citations
- [Yang Xu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yang-xu/) — 2018–2024 on 11 papers · 3 papers here · 6,308 citations
- [Tong Wang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/tong-wang/) — 2009–2016 on 8 papers · 2 papers here · 2,512 citations
- [Chris J. Maddison](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/chris-j-maddison/) — current · 2014–2026 on 38 papers · 2 papers here · 1,650 citations
- [Suzanne Stevenson](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/suzanne-stevenson/) — current · 1993–2026 on 108 papers · 3 papers here · 1,138 citations
- [Keiran Paster](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/keiran-paster/) — current · 2020–2024 on 6 papers · 3 papers here · 1,076 citations
- [Paul Cook](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/paul-cook/) — 2006–2011 on 10 papers · 5 papers here · 1,019 citations
- [Afsaneh Fazly](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/afsaneh-fazly/) — 2003–2021 on 38 papers · 3 papers here · 482 citations
- [Vanessa Wei Feng](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/vanessa-wei-feng/) — 2011–2014 on 11 papers · 2 papers here · 458 citations
- [Robert D. Holmstedt](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/robert-d-holmstedt/) — current · 2007–2022 on 19 papers · 3 papers here · 182 citations
- [Philip Edmonds](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/philip-edmonds/) — 1994–1998 on 6 papers · 2 papers here · 405 citations
- [Aditya Khan](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aditya-khan/) — current · 2023–2026 on 5 papers · 2 papers here · 15 citations

**Also published with this affiliation (71)**

Matched by the bylines of their papers, not confirmed: few papers there, or a small part of their work.

- [Yuhuai Wu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yuhuai-wu/) — 2014–2021 on 24 papers · 6 papers here · 7,237 citations
- [Rishabh Agarwal](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/rishabh-agarwal/) — 2023–2024 on 2 papers · 7 papers here · 3,672 citations
- [Colin Raffel](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/colin-raffel/) — current · 2014–2026 on 15 papers · 15 papers here · 11,260 citations
- [Daniel Marcu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-marcu/) — 1994–1997 on 10 papers · 12 papers here · 11,400 citations
- [Adam Trischler](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/adam-trischler/) — 2013–2021 on 4 papers · 5 papers here · 2,304 citations
- [Janyce Wiebe](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/janyce-wiebe/) — 1990–1992 on 3 papers · 12 papers here · 13,199 citations
- [Yongchao Zhou](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yongchao-zhou/) — 2023–2024 on 3 papers · 2 papers here · 1,071 citations
- [James F. Allen](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/james-f-allen/) — 1975–1978 on 4 papers · 2 papers here · 1,441 citations
- [Xiaodan Zhu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/xiaodan-zhu/) — 2006–2010 on 8 papers · 4 papers here · 3,710 citations
- [Haokun Liu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/haokun-liu/) — 2023–2025 on 2 papers · 4 papers here · 1,850 citations
- [Tong Zhang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/tong-zhang/) — 2024 on 2 papers · 5 papers here · 3,158 citations
- [Ulrich Germann](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ulrich-germann/) — 2007–2012 on 6 papers · 3 papers here · 1,268 citations
- [Jackie Chi Kit Cheung](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jackie-chi-kit-cheung/) — 2009–2014 on 11 papers · 10 papers here · 1,220 citations
- [Hannah Liu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/hannah-liu/) — current · 2023–2026 on 4 papers · 3 papers here · 135 citations
- [Haonan Gao](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/haonan-gao/) — 2023–2025 on 3 papers · 2 papers here · 135 citations
- [Varada Kolhatkar](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/varada-kolhatkar/) — 2012–2013 on 4 papers · 3 papers here · 161 citations
- [Ella Rabinovich](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ella-rabinovich/) — 2018–2021 on 11 papers · 2 papers here · 343 citations
- [Yoshua Bengio](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yoshua-bengio/) — 2021 on 2 papers · 23 papers here · 99,938 citations
- [Ilya Sutskever](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ilya-sutskever/) — 2008–2017 on 18 papers · 13 papers here · 70,805 citations
- [Max Welling](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/max-welling/) — 2002–2020 on 12 papers · 2 papers here · 23,800 citations
- [Abdelrahman Mohamed](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/abdelrahman-mohamed/) — 2010–2018 on 19 papers · 4 papers here · 18,040 citations
- [Iryna Gurevych](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/iryna-gurevych/) — 2007–2017 on 2 papers · 45 papers here · 16,946 citations
- [Zhiyuan Liu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/zhiyuan-liu/) — 2022 on 2 papers · 23 papers here · 16,385 citations
- [Kelvin Xu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kelvin-xu/) — 2019–2020 on 2 papers · 5 papers here · 15,588 citations
- [Aaron Courville](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aaron-courville/) — 2002–2003 on 3 papers · 7 papers here · 15,544 citations

The first 25; all on the full list below.

[See all 90 people →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-toronto/authors/)

## Works in our library (40)

The most cited first (OpenAlex citations plus our library's).

- [Array Programming with NumPy](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/harris-2020-array-programming-numpy/) — Charles R. Harris, K. Jarrod Millman, Stéfan J. van der Walt, et al. · 2020 · 23,591 citations
- [Show, Attend and Tell: Neural Image Caption Generation with Visual Attention](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/xu-2015-show-attend-tell-neural-image/) — Kelvin Xu, Jimmy Ba, Ryan Kiros, et al. · 2015 · 7,483 citations
- [Lexicon-Based Methods for Sentiment Analysis](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/taboada-2011-lexicon-based-methods-sentiment-analysis/) — Maite Taboada, Julian Brooke, Milan Tofiloski, et al. · 2011 · 3,556 citations
- [Aligning Books and Movies: Towards Story-like Visual Explanations by Watching Movies and Reading Books](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhu-2015-aligning-books-movies-towards-story/) — Yukun Zhu, Ryan Kiros, Richard Zemel, et al. · 2015 · 3,030 citations
- [Evaluating WordNet-based Measures of Lexical Semantic Relatedness](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/budanitsky-2006-evaluating-wordnet-based-measures-lexical/) — Alexander Budanitsky, Graeme Hirst · 2006 · 1,610 citations
- [Sequence Transduction with Recurrent Neural Networks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/graves-2012-sequence-transduction-recurrent-neural-networks/) — Alex Graves · 2012 · 1,396 citations
- [Unifying Visual-Semantic Embeddings with Multimodal Neural Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kiros-2014-unifying-visual-semantic-embeddings-multimodal/) — Ryan Kiros, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, Richard S. Zemel · 2014 · 1,315 citations
- [Lexical Cohesion Computed by Thesaural relations as an indicator of the structure of text](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/morris-1991-lexical-cohesion-computed-thesaural-relations/) — Jane Morris, Graeme Hirst · 1991 · 1,079 citations
- [Large Language Models Are Human-Level Prompt Engineers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhou-2022-large-language-models-human-level/) — Yongchao Zhou, Andrei Ioan Muresanu, Ziwen Han, et al. · 2022 · 677 citations
- [DeCLUTR: Deep Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Textual Representations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/giorgi-2021-declutr-deep-contrastive-learning-unsupervised/) — John Giorgi, Osvald Nitski, Bo Wang, et al. · 2021 · 513 citations
- [Regularizing Neural Networks by Penalizing Confident Output Distributions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pereyra-2017-regularizing-neural-networks-penalizing-confident/) — Gabriel Pereyra, George Tucker, Jan Chorowski, et al. · 2017 · 482 citations
- [LegalBench: A Collaboratively Built Benchmark for Measuring Legal Reasoning in Large Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/guha-2023-legalbench-collaboratively-built-benchmark-measuring/) — Neel Guha; Julian Nyarko; Daniel E. Ho; Christopher Re; Adam Chilton; Aditya Narayana; Alex Chohlas-Wood; Austin Peters; Brandon Waldon; Daniel N. Rockmore; Diego Zambrano; Dmitry Talisman; Enam Hoque; Faiz Surani; Frank Fagan; Galit Sarfaty; Gregory M. Dickinson; Haggai Porat; Jason Hegland; Jessica Wu; Joe Nudell; Joel Niklaus; John Nay; Jonathan H. Choi; Kevin Tobia; Margaret Hagan; Megan Ma; Michael Livermore; Nikon Rasumov-Rahe; Nils Holzenberger; Noam Kolt; Peter Henderson; Sean Rehaag; Sharad Goel; Shang Gao; Spencer Williams; Sunny Gandhi; Tom Zur; Varun Iyer;, Zehua Li · 2023 · 379 citations
- [Computational Argumentation Quality Assessment in Natural Language](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wachsmuth-2017-computational-argumentation-quality-assessment-natural/) — Henning Wachsmuth, Nona Naderi, Yufang Hou, et al. · 2017 · 306 citations
- [Unsupervised Type and Token Identification of Idiomatic Expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/fazly-2009-unsupervised-type-token-identification-idiomatic/) — Afsaneh Fazly, Paul Cook, Suzanne Stevenson · 2009 · 301 citations
- [Near-Synonymy and Lexical Choice](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/edmonds-2002-near-synonymy-lexical-choice/) — Philip Edmonds, Graeme Hirst · 2002 · 300 citations
- [ALFWorld: Aligning Text and Embodied Environments for Interactive Learning](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shridhar-2020-alfworld-aligning-text-embodied-environments/) — Mohit Shridhar, Xingdi Yuan, Marc-Alexandre Côté, et al. · 2020 · 299 citations
- [On-Policy Distillation of Language Models: Learning from Self-Generated Mistakes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/agarwal-2023-policy-distillation-language-models-learning/) — Rishabh Agarwal, Nino Vieillard, Yongchao Zhou, et al. · 2023 · 288 citations
- [Llemma: An Open Language Model For Mathematics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/azerbayev-2023-llemma-open-language-model-mathematics/) — Zhangir Azerbayev, Hailey Schoelkopf, Keiran Paster, et al. · 2023 · 275 citations
- [A Linear-Time Bottom-Up Discourse Parser with Constraints and Post-Editing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/feng-2014-linear-time-bottom-up-discourse/) — Vanessa Wei Feng, Graeme Hirst · 2014 · 250 citations
- [The Curse of Recursion: Training on Generated Data Makes Models Forget](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shumailov-2023-curse-recursion-training-generated-data/) — Ilia Shumailov, Zakhar Shumaylov, Yiren Zhao, et al. · 2023 · 250 citations
- [Humanity's Last Exam](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/phan-2025-humanity-s-last-exam/) — Long Phan, Alice Gatti, Ziwen Han, et al. · 2025 · 235 citations
- [Text-level Discourse Parsing with Rich Linguistic Features](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/feng-2012-text-level-discourse-parsing-rich/) — Vanessa Wei Feng, Graeme Hirst · 2012 · 208 citations
- [Aya Dataset: An Open-Access Collection for Multilingual Instruction Tuning](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/singh-2024-aya-dataset-open-access-collection/) — Shivalika Singh, Freddie Vargus, Daniel D'souza, et al. · 2024 · 202 citations
- [Representation Degeneration Problem in Training Natural Language Generation Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gao-2019-representation-degeneration-problem-training-natural/) — Jun Gao, Di He, Xu Tan, et al. · 2019 · 179 citations
- [LayerSkip: Enabling Early Exit Inference and Self-Speculative Decoding](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/elhoushi-2024-layerskip-enabling-early-exit-inference/) — Mostafa Elhoushi, Akshat Shrivastava, Diana Liskovich, et al. · 2024 · 155 citations

[See all 40 works →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-toronto/works/)

## Topics

Topics of its works in our library, with the number of works on each.

[Language models & pretraining (6)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/) · [Hebrew & Aramaic (4)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/hebrew-aramaic/) · [Semitic languages (4)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semitic-languages/) · [Speech act theory (3)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/speech-act-theory/) · [Machine translation (3)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/) · [Evaluation & benchmarks (3)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/evaluation-benchmarks/) · [Reasoning (3)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/reasoning/) · [Discourse analysis (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/discourse-analysis/) · [Coreference resolution (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/coreference-resolution/) · [Multilingual & cross-lingual NLP (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multilingual-nlp/) · [Lexical semantics & word embeddings (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/lexical-semantics/) · [Vision & language (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multimodal/) · [Efficient models & compression (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/efficient-models/) · [Idioms & multiword expressions (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multiword-expressions/) · [Sentiment & emotion (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/sentiment-emotion/)

**2 more topics**

[Text generation (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/text-generation/) · [Legal AI (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/legal-ai/)

## Fields

[Linguistics & languages (13)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/) · [Natural language processing (10)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/nlp/) · [Mathematics & statistics (7)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/mathematics/) · [Machine translation (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/machine-translation/) · [AI & machine learning (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/ai/) · [Law (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/law/)

## Collaborates with

Institutions on the bylines of the same works here; the number is the works they share.

[Carnegie Mellon University 5](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/carnegie-mellon-university/) [University of Cambridge 5](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-cambridge/) [Vector Institute 5](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/vector-institute/) [Stanford University 4](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/stanford-university/) [Google 3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/google/) [University of Washington 3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-washington/) [University of Oxford 3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-oxford/) [Microsoft 3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/microsoft/) [Massachusetts Institute of Technology 3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/massachusetts-institute-of-technology/) [University of Edinburgh 3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-edinburgh/) [Amazon 3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/amazon/) [Princeton University 3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/princeton-university/)

## Parent and units

**Units** Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences Sunnybrook Research Institute University of Toronto Scarborough

**Related** [Hospital for Sick Children](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/hospital-for-sick-children/) Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital St. Michael's Hospital Sunnybrook Health Science Centre Sunnybrook Hospital Toronto East General Hospital Trillium Health Centre University Health Network Women's College Hospital

From the Research Organization Registry (ROR); those with a page here are linked.

Works and people from the bylines of the papers (OpenAlex): a person listed here worked or studied at University of Toronto; employment or education is named only where the person's ORCID record or Wikidata says so. Institution data from ROR and OpenAlex.