---
title: "University of Toronto — works"
description: "40 works by researchers of University of Toronto in our library, the most cited first."
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-toronto/works/"
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# Works of University of Toronto

40 works · the most cited first · [← University of Toronto](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-toronto/)

1. [**Array Programming with NumPy**Charles R. Harris, K. Jarrod Millman, Stéfan J. van der Walt, et al.*2020 · 23,591 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/harris-2020-array-programming-numpy/)
2. [**Show, Attend and Tell: Neural Image Caption Generation with Visual Attention**Kelvin Xu, Jimmy Ba, Ryan Kiros, et al.*2015 · 7,483 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/xu-2015-show-attend-tell-neural-image/)
3. [**Lexicon-Based Methods for Sentiment Analysis**Maite Taboada, Julian Brooke, Milan Tofiloski, et al.*2011 · 3,556 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/taboada-2011-lexicon-based-methods-sentiment-analysis/)
4. [**Aligning Books and Movies: Towards Story-like Visual Explanations by Watching Movies and Reading Books**Yukun Zhu, Ryan Kiros, Richard Zemel, et al.*2015 · 3,030 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhu-2015-aligning-books-movies-towards-story/)
5. [**Evaluating WordNet-based Measures of Lexical Semantic Relatedness**Alexander Budanitsky, Graeme Hirst*2006 · 1,610 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/budanitsky-2006-evaluating-wordnet-based-measures-lexical/)
6. [**Sequence Transduction with Recurrent Neural Networks**Alex Graves*2012 · 1,396 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/graves-2012-sequence-transduction-recurrent-neural-networks/)
7. [**Unifying Visual-Semantic Embeddings with Multimodal Neural Language Models**Ryan Kiros, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, Richard S. Zemel*2014 · 1,315 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kiros-2014-unifying-visual-semantic-embeddings-multimodal/)
8. [**Lexical Cohesion Computed by Thesaural relations as an indicator of the structure of text**Jane Morris, Graeme Hirst*1991 · 1,079 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/morris-1991-lexical-cohesion-computed-thesaural-relations/)
9. [**Large Language Models Are Human-Level Prompt Engineers**Yongchao Zhou, Andrei Ioan Muresanu, Ziwen Han, et al.*2022 · 677 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhou-2022-large-language-models-human-level/)
10. [**DeCLUTR: Deep Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Textual Representations**John Giorgi, Osvald Nitski, Bo Wang, et al.*2021 · 513 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/giorgi-2021-declutr-deep-contrastive-learning-unsupervised/)
11. [**Regularizing Neural Networks by Penalizing Confident Output Distributions**Gabriel Pereyra, George Tucker, Jan Chorowski, et al.*2017 · 482 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pereyra-2017-regularizing-neural-networks-penalizing-confident/)
12. [**LegalBench: A Collaboratively Built Benchmark for Measuring Legal Reasoning in Large Language Models**Neel Guha; Julian Nyarko; Daniel E. Ho; Christopher Re; Adam Chilton; Aditya Narayana; Alex Chohlas-Wood; Austin Peters; Brandon Waldon; Daniel N. Rockmore; Diego Zambrano; Dmitry Talisman; Enam Hoque; Faiz Surani; Frank Fagan; Galit Sarfaty; Gregory M. Dickinson; Haggai Porat; Jason Hegland; Jessica Wu; Joe Nudell; Joel Niklaus; John Nay; Jonathan H. Choi; Kevin Tobia; Margaret Hagan; Megan Ma; Michael Livermore; Nikon Rasumov-Rahe; Nils Holzenberger; Noam Kolt; Peter Henderson; Sean Rehaag; Sharad Goel; Shang Gao; Spencer Williams; Sunny Gandhi; Tom Zur; Varun Iyer;, Zehua Li*2023 · 379 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/guha-2023-legalbench-collaboratively-built-benchmark-measuring/)
13. [**Computational Argumentation Quality Assessment in Natural Language**Henning Wachsmuth, Nona Naderi, Yufang Hou, et al.*2017 · 306 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wachsmuth-2017-computational-argumentation-quality-assessment-natural/)
14. [**Unsupervised Type and Token Identification of Idiomatic Expressions**Afsaneh Fazly, Paul Cook, Suzanne Stevenson*2009 · 301 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/fazly-2009-unsupervised-type-token-identification-idiomatic/)
15. [**Near-Synonymy and Lexical Choice**Philip Edmonds, Graeme Hirst*2002 · 300 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/edmonds-2002-near-synonymy-lexical-choice/)
16. [**ALFWorld: Aligning Text and Embodied Environments for Interactive Learning**Mohit Shridhar, Xingdi Yuan, Marc-Alexandre Côté, et al.*2020 · 299 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shridhar-2020-alfworld-aligning-text-embodied-environments/)
17. [**On-Policy Distillation of Language Models: Learning from Self-Generated Mistakes**Rishabh Agarwal, Nino Vieillard, Yongchao Zhou, et al.*2023 · 288 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/agarwal-2023-policy-distillation-language-models-learning/)
18. [**Llemma: An Open Language Model For Mathematics**Zhangir Azerbayev, Hailey Schoelkopf, Keiran Paster, et al.*2023 · 275 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/azerbayev-2023-llemma-open-language-model-mathematics/)
19. [**A Linear-Time Bottom-Up Discourse Parser with Constraints and Post-Editing**Vanessa Wei Feng, Graeme Hirst*2014 · 250 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/feng-2014-linear-time-bottom-up-discourse/)
20. [**The Curse of Recursion: Training on Generated Data Makes Models Forget**Ilia Shumailov, Zakhar Shumaylov, Yiren Zhao, et al.*2023 · 250 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shumailov-2023-curse-recursion-training-generated-data/)
21. [**Humanity's Last Exam**Long Phan, Alice Gatti, Ziwen Han, et al.*2025 · 235 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/phan-2025-humanity-s-last-exam/)
22. [**Text-level Discourse Parsing with Rich Linguistic Features**Vanessa Wei Feng, Graeme Hirst*2012 · 208 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/feng-2012-text-level-discourse-parsing-rich/)
23. [**Aya Dataset: An Open-Access Collection for Multilingual Instruction Tuning**Shivalika Singh, Freddie Vargus, Daniel D'souza, et al.*2024 · 202 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/singh-2024-aya-dataset-open-access-collection/)
24. [**Representation Degeneration Problem in Training Natural Language Generation Models**Jun Gao, Di He, Xu Tan, et al.*2019 · 179 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gao-2019-representation-degeneration-problem-training-natural/)
25. [**LayerSkip: Enabling Early Exit Inference and Self-Speculative Decoding**Mostafa Elhoushi, Akshat Shrivastava, Diana Liskovich, et al.*2024 · 155 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/elhoushi-2024-layerskip-enabling-early-exit-inference/)
26. [**Generative Verifiers: Reward Modeling as Next-Token Prediction**Lunjun Zhang, Arian Hosseini, Hritik Bansal, et al.*2024 · 143 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhang-2024-generative-verifiers-reward-modeling-as/)
27. [**SIB-200: A Simple, Inclusive, and Big Evaluation Dataset for Topic Classification in 200+ Languages and Dialects**David Ifeoluwa Adelani, Hannah Liu, Xiaoyu Shen, et al.*2023 · 135 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/adelani-2023-sib-200-simple-inclusive-big/)
28. [**Automatically Constructing a Lexicon of Verb Phrase Idiomatic Combinations**Afsaneh Fazly, Suzanne Stevenson*2006 · 131 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/fazly-2006-automatically-constructing-lexicon-verb-phrase/)
29. [**OpenWebMath: An Open Dataset of High-Quality Mathematical Web Text**Keiran Paster, Marco Dos Santos, Zhangir Azerbayev, et al.*2023 · 124 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/paster-2023-openwebmath-open-dataset-high-quality/)
30. [**Speech Acts and Rationality**Philip R. Cohen, Hector J. Levesque*1985 · 117 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cohen-1985-speech-acts-rationality/)
31. [**The Repair of Speech Act Misunderstandings by Abductive Inference**Susan W. McRoy, Graeme Hirst*1995 · 109 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mcroy-1995-repair-speech-act-misunderstandings-abductive/)
32. [**Using the Web in Machine Learning for Other-Anaphora Resolution**Natalia N. Modjeska, Katja Markert, Malvina Nissim*2003 · 70 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/modjeska-2003-web-machine-learning-other-anaphora/)
33. [**Interpreting Anaphoric Shell Nouns using Antecedents of Cataphoric Shell Nouns as Training Data**Varada Kolhatkar, Heike Zinsmeister, Graeme Hirst*2013 · 29 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kolhatkar-2013-interpreting-anaphoric-shell-nouns-antecedents/)
34. [**The Typological Classification of the Hebrew of Genesis: Subject-Verb or Verb-Subject?**Robert D. Holmstedt*2011 · 15 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/holmstedt-2011-typological-classification-hebrew-genesis-subject/)
35. [**Translating near-synonyms: Possibilities and preferences in the interlingua**Philip Edmonds*1998 · 14 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/edmonds-1998-translating-near-synonyms-possibilities-preferences/)
36. [**Plans, Inference, and Indirect Speech Acts**James F. Allen*1979 · 6 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/allen-1979-plans-inference-indirect-speech-acts/)
37. [**Analyzing זֶה Grammar and Reading זֶה Texts of Ps 68:9 and Judg 5:5**Robert D. Holmstedt*2014 · 6 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/holmstedt-2014-analyzing-grammar-reading-texts-ps/)
38. [**Hebrew Linguistics and Biblical Criticism: A Minimalist Programme**Vincent De Caën*2001 · 3 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/caen-2001-hebrew-linguistics-biblical-criticism-minimalist/)
39. [**A Linguistic Reappraisal of the Biblical Hebrew Accusative**Jacques Boulet*2019*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/boulet-2019-linguistic-reappraisal-biblical-hebrew-accusative/)
40. [**Dynamic Meta-Metrics: Source-Sentence Conditioned Weighting for MT Evaluation**Luke Zhang, Justin Vasselli, Aditya Khan, et al.*2026*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhang-2026-dynamic-meta-metrics-source-sentence/)
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