---
title: "L@S 2024 — all accepted papers with summaries and citations"
description: "All 92 papers of L@S 2024, the most cited first; those with our summary link to it. Among them: Evaluating the Effectiveness of LLMs in…"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acm-conference-on-learning-scale-l-s/2024/papers/"
---
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# L@S 2024: all accepted papers

92 papers · the most cited first · [← L@S 2024](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acm-conference-on-learning-scale-l-s/2024/)

1. **[Evaluating the Effectiveness of LLMs in Introductory Computer Science Education: A Semester-Long Field Study ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662036)**Wenhan Lyu, Yimeng Wang, Tingting Rachel Chung et al.*126 citations*
2. **[Supporting Self-Reflection at Scale with Large Language Models: Insights from Randomized Field Experiments in Classrooms ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662042)**Harsh Kumar, Ruiwei Xiao, Benjamin Lawson et al.*52 citations*
3. **[CodeTailor: LLM-Powered Personalized Parsons Puzzles for Engaging Support While Learning Programming ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662032)**Xinying Hou, Zihan Wu, Xu Wang et al.*45 citations*
4. **[AutoTutor meets Large Language Models: A Language Model Tutor with Rich Pedagogy and Guardrails](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chowdhury-2024-autotutor-meets-large-language-models/)**Sankalan Pal Chowdhury, Vilém Zouhar, Mrinmaya Sachan*44 citations · our summary*
5. **[Can Large Language Models Make the Grade? An Empirical Study Evaluating LLMs Ability To Mark Short Answer Questions in K-12 Education ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664693)**Owen Henkel, Libby Hills, Adam Boxer et al.*42 citations*
6. **[Plagiarism in the Age of Generative AI: Cheating Method Change and Learning Loss in an Intro to CS Course ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662046)**Binglin Chen, Colleen M. Lewis, Matthew West et al.*39 citations*
7. **[Generative Students: Using LLM-Simulated Student Profiles to Support Question Item Evaluation ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662031)**Xinyi Lu, Xu Wang*37 citations*
8. **[Combining LLM-Generated and Test-Based Feedback in a MOOC for Programming ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662040)**Hagit Gabbay, Anat Cohen*36 citations*
9. **[GPTutor: Great Personalized Tutor with Large Language Models for Personalized Learning Content Generation ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664718)**Eason Chen, Jia-En Lee, Jionghao Lin et al.*30 citations*
10. **[Towards Educator-Driven Tutor Authoring: Generative AI Approaches for Creating Intelligent Tutor Interfaces ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664694)**Tommaso Calò, Christopher J. MacLellan*26 citations*
11. **[Using Cipherbot: An Exploratory Analysis of Student Interaction with an LLM-Based Educational Chatbot ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664690)**Joni O. Salminen, Soon‐gyo Jung, Johanne Medina et al.*25 citations*
12. **[Prompting for Comprehension: Exploring the Intersection of Explain in Plain English Questions and Prompt Writing ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662039)**David Horton Smith, Paul C. Denny, Max Fowler*22 citations*
13. **[Simulating Climate Change Discussion with Large Language Models: Considerations for Science Communication at Scale ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662033)**Ha Nguyen, Victoria Nguyen, Saríah López-Fierro et al.*22 citations*
14. **[Is GPT-4 Alone Sufficient for Automated Essay Scoring?: A Comparative Judgment Approach Based on Rater Cognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664703)**Seungju Kim, Meounggun Jo*19 citations*
15. **[Automated Generation and Tagging of Knowledge Components from Multiple-Choice Questions ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662030)**Steven Moore, Robin Schmucker, Tom M. Mitchell et al.*18 citations*
16. **[Automated Quality Assessment of Multimodal Mathematical Stories Generated by Generative Artificial Intelligence ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662029)**Hai Li, Rui Guo, Chenglu Li et al.*18 citations*
17. **[Short answer scoring with GPT-4 ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664685)**Lan Jiang, Nigel Bosch*18 citations*
18. **[AI-Driven Content Creation: Revolutionizing Educational Materials ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664640)**Miguel Morales, Héctor R. Amado-Salvatierra, Rocael Hernández-Rizzardini*17 citations*
19. **[Nemobot: Crafting Strategic Gaming LLM Agents for K-12 AI Education ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664671)**Yuchen Wang, Shangxin Guo, Lin Ling et al.*16 citations*
20. **[Automatic Feedback Generation on K-12 Students' Data Science Education by Prompting Cloud-based Large Language Models ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664673)**Sze Ching Evelyn Fung, Man Fai Wong, Chee Wei Tan*15 citations*
21. **[Socratic Mind: Scalable Oral Assessment Powered By AI ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664661)**Jui-Tse Hung, Christopher Cui, Diana M. Popescu et al.*15 citations*
22. **[Comparing Feedback from Large Language Models and Instructors: Teaching Computer Science at Scale ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664660)**Ha Nguyen, Nate Stott, Vicki H. Allan*13 citations*
23. **[Ten Years, Ten Trends: The First Decade of an Affordable At-Scale Degree ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662038)**David A. Joyner, Alex Simon Duncan*13 citations*
24. **[CFlow: Supporting Semantic Flow Analysis of Students' Code in Programming Problems at Scale ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662025)**Ge Zhang, Xiaohang Tang, Steve Oney et al.*12 citations*
25. **[Scaling Up Mastery Learning with Generative AI: Exploring How Generative AI Can Assist in the Generation and Evaluation of Mastery Quiz Questions ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664699)**Stephen J. Hutt, Grayson Hieb*12 citations*
26. **[Learning and AI Evaluation of Tutors Responding to Students Engaging in Negative Self-Talk ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664700)**Danielle R. Thomas, Jionghao Lin, Shambhavi Bhushan et al.*11 citations*
27. **[MuFIN: A Framework for Automating Multimodal Feedback Generation using Generative Artificial Intelligence ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664720)**Jionghao Lin, Eason Chen, Ashish Gurung et al.*11 citations*
28. **[Generation and Assessment of Multiple-Choice Questions from Video Transcripts using Large Language Models ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664714)**Taimoor Arif, Sumit Asthana, Kevyn Collins‐Thompson*10 citations*
29. **[Open, Collaborative, and AI-Augmented Peer Assessment: Student Participation, Performance, and Perceptions ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664705)**Chaohua Ou, Ploy Thajchayapong, David A. Joyner*10 citations*
30. **[Classifying Tutor Discursive Moves at Scale in Mathematics Classrooms with Large Language Models ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664664)**Baptiste Moreau-Pernet, Yu Tian, Sandra Sawaya et al.*9 citations*
31. **[HTN-Based Tutors: A New Intelligent Tutoring Framework Based on Hierarchical Task Networks ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664702)**Momin N. Siddiqui, Adit Gupta, Jennifer M. Reddig et al.*8 citations*
32. **[Positive Affective Feedback Mechanisms in an Online Mathematics Learning Platform ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664666)**Hai Li, Wanli Xing, Chenglu Li et al.*8 citations*
33. **[Analyzing Students' Information Behavior in Generative AI-Supported Small Group Discussions ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664657)**Xiuyu Chen, Shihui Feng*7 citations*
34. **[Teacher-AI Collaboration in Content Recommendation for Digital Personalised Learning among Pre-primary Learners in Kenya ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664662)**Chen Sun, Louis Major, Rebecca Daltry et al.*7 citations*
35. **[Handwritten Code Recognition for Pen-and-Paper CS Education ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662027)**Md Sazzad Islam, Moussa Doumbouya, Christopher D. Manning et al.*6 citations*
36. **[A Proposed Model of Learners' Acceptance and Trust of Pedagogical Conversational AI ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664682)**Griffin Pitts, Viktoria Marcus, Sanaz Motamedi*5 citations*
37. **[DevCoach: Supporting Students in Learning the Software Development Life Cycle at Scale with Generative Agents ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664663)**Tianjia Wang, Ramaraja Ramanujan, Yi Lu et al.*5 citations*
38. **[Gaining Insights into Group-Level Course Difficulty via Differential Course Functioning ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662028)**Frederik Baucks, Robin Schmucker, Conrad Borchers et al.*5 citations*
39. **[Multimodal Deep Learning for Classifying Student-generated Questions in Computer-supported Collaborative Learning ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662026)**Han Kyul Kim, Aleyeh Roknaldin, Shriniwas Nayak et al.*5 citations*
40. **[Propagating Large Language Models Programming Feedback ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664665)**Charles Koutcheme, Arto Hellas*5 citations*
41. **[Roles of Joining Time, Technology Use, and Social Interaction in Sustaining Student Participation in an Online Mathematics Discussion Board ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664672)**Bailing Lyu, Chenglu Li, Hai Li et al.*5 citations*
42. **[Scaling Generated Feedback for Novice Teachers by Sustaining Teacher Educators' Expertise: A Design to Train LLMs with Teacher Educator Endorsement of Generated Feedback ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664677)**Erin Barno, Mariano Albaladejo‐González, Justin Reich*5 citations*
43. **[Beyond Repetition: The Role of Varied Questioning and Feedback in Knowledge Generalization ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664688)**Gautam Yadav, Paulo F. Carvalho, Elizabeth A. McLaughlin et al.*4 citations*
44. **[From One-Size-Fits-All to Individualisation: Redefining MOOCs through Flexible Learning Paths ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662037)**Selina Reinhard, Sebastian Serth, Thomas Staubitz et al.*4 citations*
45. **[Large-Scale and Versatile Deployment of Biology Cloud Labs in Schools through Teacher Driven Curricula Design ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664713)**Tahrina Ahmed, Engin W. Bumbacher, Paulo Blikstein et al.*4 citations*
46. **[Leveraging Past Assignments to Determine If Students Are Using ChatGPT for Their Essays ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664707)**Yuhui Zhao, Chunhao Zou, Rohit Sridhar et al.*4 citations*
47. **[Using Large Language Models To Diagnose Math Problem-solving Skills At Scale ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664697)**Hyoungwook Jin, Yoonsu Kim, Yeon Su Park et al.*4 citations*
48. **["I believe I did not preach into the desert": Opportunities & Challenges in Scaling Teacher Mentorship through Mobile Technology in Rural Côte d'Ivoire ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662035)**Tricia J. Ngoon, Vikram Kamath Cannanure, Kaja Kinga Jasińska et al.*3 citations*
49. **[Are Students Reading? How Formative Practice Impacts Student Reading Behaviors in Etextbooks ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664668)**Nick Brown, Rachel Van Campenhout, Michelle W. Clark et al.*3 citations*
50. **[ChatGPT's Performance on Problem Sets in an At-Scale Introductory Computer Science Course ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664701)**Diana M. Popescu, David A. Joyner*3 citations*
51. **[Examining the Use of an AI-Powered Teacher Orchestration Tool at Scale ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664704)**Emma Brunskill, Kole A. Norberg, Stephen E. Fancsali et al.*3 citations*
52. **[Interplay Among Students' Technical, Social, and Content-Related Participation Patterns in an Online Mathematical Discussion Board ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664696)**Bailing Lyu, Chenglu Li, Hai Li et al.*3 citations*
53. **[Ruffle&Riley: From Lesson Text to Conversational Tutoring ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664719)**Robin Schmucker, Meng Xia, Amos Azaria et al.*3 citations*
54. **[Scaling High-Leverage Curriculum Scaffolding in Middle-School Mathematics ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664698)**Rizwaan Malik, Dorna Abdi, Rose Wang et al.*3 citations*
55. **[Transforming CS Education with DevOps: Streamlined Assignment Validation and Delivery @ Scale ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664676)**Gururaj Deshpande, Shravan Cheekati, Shail Patel et al.*3 citations*
56. **[Collaborate and Listen: International Research Collaboration at Learning @ Scale ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664670)**Alex Simon Duncan, Travis Tang, Yinghong Huang et al.*2 citations*
57. **[Edgeworth: Efficient and Scalable Authoring of Visual Thinking Activities ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662034)**Wode Ni, Sam Estep, Hwei-Shin Harriman et al.*2 citations*
58. **[Enhancing Tutoring Effectiveness Through Automated Feedback: Preliminary Findings from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial on SAT Tutoring ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664681)**Joy Yun, Yann Hicke, Mariah Olson et al.*2 citations*
59. **[Examining Student Engagement in Online Learning Platforms for Promoting Exam Readiness and Success in Undergraduate Nursing Education ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664686)**Mamta Shah, Ryan S. Baker, Peter Granville et al.*2 citations*
60. **[Optimizing Mentor-student Communication Using LLM-Based Automated Labeling Information States ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664691)**Yuanzhe Jin, YU Jia-li*2 citations*
61. **[STEM Pathways in a Global Online Course: Are Male and Female Learners Motivated the Same? ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662045)**Yiwen Lin, Nia Nixon*2 citations*
62. **[Teacher-informed Expansion of an Idea Detection Model for a Knowledge Integration Assessment ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664687)**Weiying Li, Yiming Liao, Kenneth Steimel et al.*2 citations*
63. **[Technology-Based Instructional Strategies Show Promise in Improving Self-Regulated Learning Skills at Broad-Access Postsecondary Institutions ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664675)**Renzhe Yu, Hui Yang, Xiaoying Lin et al.*2 citations*
64. **[Answer Watermarking: Using Answer Generation Assistance Tools to Find Evidence of Cheating ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664712)**Christopher Cui, Jui-Tse Hung, Pranav Rajesh Sharma et al.*1 citation*
65. **[Building Reading Comprehension and Knowledge with iSTART: An ITS to Provide Formative Feedback in Reading Instruction at Scale ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664710)**Micah Watanabe, Megan N. Imundo, Katerina Christhilf et al.*1 citation*
66. **[Demonstration of CFlow: Supporting Semantic Flow Analysis of Students' Code in Programming Problems at Scale ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664717)**Ge Zhang, Xiaohang Tang, Steve Oney et al.*1 citation*
67. **[Does Jill Watson Increase Teaching Presence? ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664679)**Robert Lindgren, Sandeep Kakar, Pratyusha Maiti et al.*1 citation*
68. **[Enhancing Knowledge Tracing Efficacy with Expert-defined Graphs: A Case Study in Introductory Physics Classes ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664683)**Zhenting Yan, Rui Zhang*1 citation*
69. **[Examinator v4.0 : Cheating Detection in Online Take-Home Exams ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664659)**Christopher Cui, Jui-Tse Hung, Vaibhav Malhotra et al.*1 citation*
70. **[Fifth Annual Workshop on A/B Testing and Platform-Enabled Learning Research ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664642)**Steve Ritter, Stephen E. Fancsali, April Murphy et al.*1 citation*
71. **[Forums, Feedback, and Two Kinds of AI: A Selective History of Learning @ Scale ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664667)**Alex Simon Duncan, Travis Tang, Yinghong Huang et al.*1 citation*
72. **[HAROR: A System for Highlighting and Rephrasing Open-Ended Responses ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664721)**Jionghao Lin, Kenneth R. Koedinger*1 citation*
73. **[Influence on Judgements of Learning Given Perceived AI Annotations ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662044)**Warren Li, Christopher A. Brooks*1 citation*
74. **[Newly Created Assignments and The First Repository Effect on Inter-Semester Plagiarism ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3662043)**Keith L. Adkins, David A. Joyner*1 citation*
75. **[SimPal: Towards a Meta-Conversational Framework to Understand Teacher's Instructional Goals for K-12 Physics ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664695)**Effat Farhana, Souvika Sarkar, Ralph Knipper et al.*1 citation*
76. **[Three Paradoxes to Reconcile to Promote Safe, Fair, and Trustworthy AI in Education ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664658)**Rachel B. Slama, Amalia Christina Toutziaridi, Justin Reich*1 citation*
77. **[Transformative Approach to Fairness and Transparency in Classroom Participation Assessment ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664708)**Michelle Banawan, Elias John Kukas, John Richard Tano et al.*1 citation*
78. **[Varying Impacts: The Role of Student Self-Evaluation in Navigating Learning Analytics ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664715)**Qiujie Li, Xuehan Zhou, Di Xu et al.*1 citation*
79. **[Videos for Parents and Child Performance ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664678)**Fiona M. Lee, Ryan S. Baker, Pradip Singh Tomar et al.*1 citation*
80. **[Bringing AI Tutoring into the Physical World and Scaling to Schools and Museums ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3665448)**Nesra Yannier
81. **[Comparing Expert and ChatGPT-authored Guidance Prompts ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664669)**Allison Bradford, Weiying Li, Libby F. Gerard et al.
82. **[Context-Embedded Knowledge Tracing and Latent Concept Detection in a Reading Game ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664674)**Katerina Christhilf, Jiachen Gong, Danielle S. McNamara
83. **[Designing a Model for Massive Digital Lifelong Learning ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3665449)**Chris Dede
84. **[Exploring Disparities in Student and Practitioner Perceptions of Skill Proficiency with SE Gap Awareness ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664684)**Sean Gruber, Grace Govan, Chris Brown
85. **[Intelligent Tutors for Adult Learning at Scale: A Narrative Review ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664692)**Utkarsh Nattamai Subramanian Rajkumar, Sibley F. Lyndgaard, Ruth Kanfer
86. **[Learnersourcing: Student-generated Content @ Scale: 2nd Annual Workshop ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664643)**Steven Moore, Anjali Singh, Xinyi Lu et al.
87. **[Learning Representations for Math Strategies using BERT ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664711)**Abisha Thapa Magar, Stephen E. Fancsali, Vasile Rus et al.
88. **[Lessons Learned from a Research-to-Practice Scale-Up of an Adaptive Math Learning Platform ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664689)**Mingyu Feng, Natalie Brezack, Megan Schneider et al.
89. **[Reframing Authority: A Computational Measure of Power-Affirming Feedback on Student Writing ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664680)**Mei Tan, Christopher Mah, Dorottya Demszky
90. **[Scaling Classrooms: A Forum for Practitioners Seeking, Developing and Adapting their Own Tools ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664641)**Christopher Cui, Gururaj Deshpande, Celeste Mason et al.
91. **[VizCode: A Practical Real-time Tool for In-Class Computer Programming Tutoring ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664716)**Yinuo Yang, Steve Oney
92. **[Who, What, and Where: Plotting Ten Years of Learning @ Scale Research ↗](https://doi.org/10.1145/3657604.3664709)**Alex Simon Duncan, Travis Tang, Yinghong Huang et al.
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