---
title: "COLING 1994 — all accepted papers — the most cited first"
description: "All 212 papers of COLING 1994 · page 1 of 3, the most cited first; those with our summary link to it."
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# COLING 1994: all accepted papers

212 papers · page 1 of 3 · the most cited first · [← COLING 1994](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/coling/1994/)

**1** [2](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/coling/1994/papers/page/2/) [3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/coling/1994/papers/page/3/) [next →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/coling/1994/papers/page/2/)

1. **[A Bayesian Approach for User Modeling in Dialogue Systems ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2197/)**Tomoyosi Akiba, Hozumi Tanaka
2. **[A Best-Match Algorithm for Broad-Coverage Example-Based Disambiguation ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2114/)**Naohiko Uramoto
3. **[A Bidirectional, Transfer-Driven Machine Translation System for Spoken Dialogues ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1007/)**Yasuhiro Sobashima, Osamu Furuse, Susumu Akamine et al.
4. **[A Classification Method for Japanese Signs Using Manual Motion Descriptions ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2155/)**Hisahiro Adachi, Kazuo Kamata
5. **[A Corpus-Based Learning Technique for Building A Self-Extensible Parser ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1073/)**Rey-Long Liu, Von-Wun Soo
6. **[A Discrete Model of Degree Concept in Natural Language ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2124/)**Shin-ichiro Kamei, Kazunori Muraki
7. **[A Dutch to SQL database interface using Generalized Quantifier Theory ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2166/)**Dirk Speelman, Geert Adriaens
8. **[A Formal Representation of the Thematic-Rhematic Structure of Sentences Based on a Typed \ensuremathłambda-Calculus ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2179/)**Yoichi Uetake
9. **[A Grammar Based Approach to a Grammar Checking of Free Word Order Languages ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2146/)**Vladislav Kubon, Martin Platek
10. **[A Grammar and a Parser for Spontaneous Speech ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2164/)**Mikio Nakano, Akira Shimazu, Kiyoshi Kogure
11. **[A Grammatico-Statistical Approach to Discourse Partitioning ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2187/)**Tadashi Nomoto, Yoshihiko Nitta
12. **[A Hybrid Approach to the Automatic Planning of Textual Structures ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1054/)**Gang Zhu, Nigel Shadbolt
13. **[A Knowledge Acquisition and Management System for Morphological Dictionaries ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2211/)**Pius ten Hacken, Stephan Bopp, Marc Domenig et al.
14. **[A Lexicon of Distributed Noun Representations Constructed by Taxonomic Traversal ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2132/)**Richard F.E. Sutcliffe, Donie O'Sullivan, Fergus Meharg
15. **[A Matching Technique in Example-Based Machine Translation ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1014/)**Lambros Cranias, Harris Papageorgiou, Stelios Piperdis
16. **[A Method for Distinguishing Exceptional and General Examples in Example-based Transfer Systems ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1003/)**Hideo Watanabe
17. **[A Methodology for Automatic Term Recognition ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2167/)**Sophia Ananiadou
18. **[A Modular Architecture for Constraint-Based Parsing ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1075/)**Francois Barthelemy, Francois Rouaix
19. **[A New Method of N-gram Statistics for Large Number of n and Automatic Extraction of Words and Phrases from Large Text Data of Japanese ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1101/)**Makoto Nagao, Shinsuke Mori
20. **[A Parser Coping With Self-Repaired Japanese Utterances and Large Corpus-Based Evaluation ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1098/)**Yuji Sagawa, Noboru Ohnishi, Noboru Sugie
21. **[A Part-of-Speech-Based Alignment Algorithm ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1026/)**Kuang-hua Chen, Hsin-Hsi Chen
22. **[A Reestimation Algorithm for Probabilistic ttecursive Transition Network ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2138/)**Young S. Han, Key-Sun Choi
23. **[A Rule-Based Approach to Prepositional Phrase Attachment Disambiguation ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2195/)**Eric Brill, Philip Resnik
24. **[A Simple Transformation for Offline-Parsable Grammars and its Termination Properties ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2199/)**Marc Dymetman
25. **[A Stochastic Japanese Morphological Analyzer Using a Forward-DP Backward-A* N-Best Search Algorithm ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1032/)**Masaaki Nagata
26. **[A System of Verbal Semantic Attributes Focused on the Syntactic Correspondence between Japanese and English ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2106/)**Hiromi Nakaiwa, Akio Yokoo, Satoru Ikehara
27. **[A Tool for Collecting Domain Dependent Sortal Constraints From Corpora ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1099/)**Francois Andry, Mark Gawron, John Dowding et al.
28. **[A Treatment of Functional Definite Descriptions ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2126/)**Hajime Wada
29. **[A Two-Level Morphological Analysis of Korean ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1087/)**Deok-Bong Kim, Sung-Jin Lee, Key-Sun Choi et al.
30. **[A “not-so-shallow” parser for collocational analysis ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1074/)**R. Basili, M.T. Pazienza, P. Velardi
31. **[AN ARCHITECTURE FOR A UNIVERSAL LEXICON: A Case Study on Shared Syntactic Information in Japanese, Hindi, Bengali, Greek, and English ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1038/)**Naoyuki Nomura, Douglas A. Jones, Robert C. Berwick
32. **[AUTOMATIC MODEL REFINEMENT - with an application to tagging ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1023/)**Yi-Chung Lin, Tung-Hui Chiang, Keh-Yih Su
33. **[Abstract Generation Based on Rhetorical Structure Extraction](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ono-1994-abstract-generation-based-rhetorical-structure/)**Kenji Ono, Kazuo Sumita, Seiji Miike*our summary*
34. **[Achieving Flexibility in Unification Formalisms ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2135/)**Lena Stromback
35. **[Adjuncts and the Processing of Lexical Rules ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1039/)**Gertjan van Noord, Gosse Bouma
36. **[Algorithm for Automatic Interpretation of Noun Sequences ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2125/)**Lucy Vanderwende
37. **[An Efficient Parser Generator for Natural Language ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1068/)**Masayuki Ishii, Kazuhisa Ohta, Hiroaki Saito
38. **[An Efficient Syntactic Tagging Tool for Corpora ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2153/)**Ming Zhou, Changning Huang
39. **[An Efficient Treatment of Japanese Verb Inflection for Morphological Analysis ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1031/)**Toru Hisamitsu, Yoshihiko Nitta
40. **[An Empirical Study on the Generation of Zero Anaphors in Chinese ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2117/)**Ching-Long Yeh, Chris Mellish
41. **[An English-to-Korean Machine Translator: MATES/EK ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1020/)**Key-Sun Choi, Seungmi Lee, Hiongun Kim et al.
42. **[An Evaluation to Detect and Correct Erroneous Characters Wrongly Substituted, Deleted and Inserted in Japanese and English Sentences Using Markov Models ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1030/)**Tetsuo Araki, Satoru Ikehara, Nobuyuki Tsukahara et al.
43. **[An Experiment on Learning Appropriate Selectional Restrictions From a Parsed Corpus ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2123/)**Francesc Ribas Framis
44. **[An HPSG Parser Based on Description Logics ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1067/)**J. Joachim Quantz
45. **[An IBM-PC Environment for Chinese Corpus Analysis ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1096/)**Robert Wing Pong Luk
46. **[An Integrated Model for Anaphora Resolution](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mitkov-1994-integrated-model-anaphora-resolution/)**Ruslan Mitkov*our summary*
47. **[Analysis of Japanese Compound Nouns using Collocational Information ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2139/)**Yosiyuki Kobayasi, Takenobu Tokunaga, Hozumi Tanaka
48. **[Analysis of Scene Identification Ability of Associative Memory with Pictorial Dictionary ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1050/)**Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Hidehiko Tanaka
49. **[Annotating 200 Million Words: The Bank of English Project ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1092/)**Timo Jarvinen
50. **[Anticipating the Reader's Problems and the Automatic Generation of Paraphrases ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1051/)**Nils Lenke
51. **[Anytime Algorithms for Speech Parsing? ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2161/)**Gunther Gorz, Marcus Kesseler
52. **[Automatic Detection of Discourse Structure by Checking Surface Information in Sentences ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2183/)**Sadao Kurohashi, Makoto Nagao
53. **[Automatic Recognition of Verbal Polysemy ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2122/)**Fumiyo Fukumoto, Jun'ichi Tsujii
54. **[Backtracking-Free Dictionary Access Method for Japanese Morphological Analysis ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1033/)**Hiroshi Maruyama
55. **[Bilingual Text, Matching using Bilingual Dictionary and Statistics ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2175/)**Takehito Utsuro, Hiroshi Ikeda, Masaya Yamane et al.
56. **[Blending Segmentation With Tagging in Chinese Language Corpus Processing ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2209/)**Qiang Zhou, Shiwen Yu
57. **[Bottom-Up Earley Deduction ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2127/)**Gregor Erbach
58. **[Breaking Down Rhetorical Relations for the purpose of Analysing Discourse Structures ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2192/)**Jun'ichi Fukumoto, Jun'ichi Tsujii
59. **[Building a Lexical Domain Map From Text Corpora ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1100/)**Tomek Strzalkowski
60. **[Building a Windows-Based Bilingual Functional Semantic Processor ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2111/)**Jonathan J. Webster
61. **[Building an MT Dictionary From Parallel Texts Based on Linguistic and Statistical Information ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1009/)**Akira Kumano, Hideki Hirakawa
62. **[CHATR: a generic speech synthesis system ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2158/)**Alan W. Black, Paul Taylor
63. **[CLAWS4: The Tagging of the British National Corpus ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1103/)**Geoffrey Leech, Roger Garside, Michael Bryant
64. **[Catching the Cheshire Cat ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2165/)**Christer Johansson
65. **[Categorial Grammar and Discourse Representation Theory ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1083/)**Reinhard Muskens
66. **[Centering in Japanese: A Step Towards Better Interpretation of Pronouns and Zero-Pronouns ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2188/)**Shingo Takada, Norihisa Doi
67. **[Character-based Collocation for Mandarin Chinese ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1088/)**Chu-Ren Huang, Keh-jiann Chen, Yun-yan Yang
68. **[Chinese Segmentation Disambiguation ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2203/)**Wanying Jin
69. **[Classifier Assignment by Corpus-Based Approach ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1091/)**Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Wantanee Pantachat, Surapant Meknavin
70. **[Co-Occurrence Vectors From Corpora vs. Distance Vectors From Dictionaries ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1049/)**Yoshiki Niwa, Yoshihiko Nitta
71. **[Collaboration on Reference to Objects That Are Not Mutually Known ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2182/)**Philip G. Edmonds
72. **[Comlex Syntax: Building a Computational Lexicon](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/grishman-1994-comlex-syntax-building-computational-lexicon/)**Ralph Grishman, Catherine Macleod, Adam Meyers*our summary*
73. **[Communicating With Multiple Agents ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2194/)**Elizabeth A. Hinkelman, Stephen P. Spackman
74. **[Computing FIRST and FOLLOW Functions for Feature-Theoretic Grammars ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2141/)**Arturo Trujillo
75. **[Concurrent Lexicalized Dependency Parsing: A Behavioral View on ParseTalk Events ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1080/)**Susanne Schacht, Udo Hahn, Norbert Broker
76. **[Concurrent Lexicalized Dependency Parsing: The ParseTalk Model ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1061/)**Norbert Broker, Udo Hahn, Susanne Schacht
77. **[Consequence Relations in DRT ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2181/)**Seiki Akama, Yotaro Nakayama
78. **[Constituent Boundary Parsing for Example-Based Machine Translation ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1015/)**Osamu Furuse, Hitoshi Iida
79. **[Constructing Lexical Transducers ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1066/)**Lauri Karttunen
80. **[Construction of a Bilingual Dictionary Intermediated by a Third Language ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1048/)**Kumiko Tanaka, Kyoji Umemura
81. **[Content Characterization Using Word Shape Tokens ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2108/)**Penelope Sibun, David S. Farrar
82. **[Coping With Ambiguity in a Large-Scale Machine Translation System ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1012/)**Kathryn L. Baker, Alexander M. Franz, Pamela W. Jordan et al.
83. **[Countability and Number in Japanese to English Machine Translation ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1002/)**Francis Bond, Kentaro Ogura, Satoru Ikehara
84. **[Customizing and Evaluating a Multilingual Discourse Module ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2180/)**Chinatsu Aone
85. **[DISCO-An HPSG-based NLP System and its Application for Appointment Scheduling Project Note ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1072/)**Hans Uszkoreit, Rolf Backofen, Stephan Busemann et al.
86. **[Default Handling in Incremental Generation ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1058/)**Karin Harbusch, Gen-ichiro Kikui, Anne Kilger
87. **[Dilemma - An Instant Lexicographer ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1010/)**Hans Karlgren, Jussi Karlgren, Magnus Nordstrom et al.
88. **[Disambiguation of Super Parts of Speech (or Supertags): Almost Parsing ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1024/)**Aravind K. Joshi, B. Srinivas
89. **[Discontinuity and the Lambek Calculus ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2201/)**Mark Hepple
90. **[Discourse and Deliberation: Testing a Collaborative Strategy ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2196/)**Marilyn A. Walker
91. **[Document Classification by Machine:Theory and Practice ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2172/)**Louise Guthrie, Elbert Walker
92. **[Drawing Pictures with Natural Language and Direct Manipulation ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2115/)**Mayumi Hiyoshi, Hideo Shimazu
93. **[Dutch Cross Serial Dependencies in HPSG ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2130/)**Gerrit Rentier
94. **[Dynamic Logic With Possible World ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2207/)**Ruzhan Lu
95. **[Emergent Parsing and Generation with Generalized Chart ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1077/)**Koiti Hasida
96. **[Encoding standards for large text resources: The Text Encoding Initiative ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1094/)**Nancy Ide
97. **[English Generation From Interlingua by Example-Based Method](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/komatsu-1994-english-generation-interlingua-example-based/)**Eiji Komatsu, Jin Cui, Hiroshi Yasuhara*our summary*
98. **[Evaluation Metrics for Knowledge-Based Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mitamura-1994-evaluation-metrics-knowledge-based-machine/)**3rd, Eric H. Nyberg, Teruko Mitamura, Jaime G. Carbonell*our summary*
99. **[Exploiting Reference Interaction in Resolving Temporal Reference ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-2186/)**Kohji Dohsaka
100. **[Exploring the Role of Punctuation in Parsing Natural Text ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1069/)**Bernard E. M. Jones

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