---
title: "HLT 1989 — all accepted papers with summaries and citations"
description: "All 132 papers of HLT 1989 · page 1 of 2, the most cited first; those with our summary link to it."
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/darpa-workshop-on-speech-and-natural-language-hlt/1989/papers/"
---
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# HLT 1989: all accepted papers

132 papers · page 1 of 2 · the most cited first · [← HLT 1989](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/darpa-workshop-on-speech-and-natural-language-hlt/1989/)

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1. **[National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.1138540)**David S. Pallett*325 citations*
2. **[A flexible interface for linking applications to Penman's sentence generator ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100979)**Robert T. Kasper*108 citations*
3. **[Coordinating Text and Graphics in Explanation Generation ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075500)**Steven Feiner, Kathleen R. McKeown*100 citations*
4. **[Parsing, word associations and typical predicate-argument relations ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075449)**Kenneth Church, William A. Gale, Patrick Hanks et al.*89 citations*
5. **[Natural language understanding ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.1138547)**Ralph Grishman*88 citations*
6. **[The N-Best algorithm ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075467)**Yen-Lu Chow, Richard Schwartz*86 citations*
7. **[Some applications of tree-based modelling to speech and language ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075492)**Michael Riley*81 citations*
8. **[The MIT SUMMIT Speech Recognition system: a progress report ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100983)**Victor W. Zue, James Glass, Michael Phillips et al.*81 citations*
9. **[Natural language with integrated deictic and graphic gestures ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075499)**Jeannette G. Neal, C. Y. Thielman, Zuzana Krifka Dobes et al.*57 citations*
10. **[Understanding spontaneous speech ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100975)**Wayne Ward*50 citations*
11. **[Prosody and parsing ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075437)**P. J. Price, Mari Ostendorf, Colin W. Wightman*42 citations*
12. **[Information and syntax in spoken language systems ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100988)**Mark J. Steedman*41 citations*
13. **[University of California, Berkeley ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.1138557)**Robert Wilensky*41 citations*
14. **[New Mexico State University ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.1138542)**Yorick Alexander Wilks, David Farwell, Afzal Ballim et al.*32 citations*
15. **[Data collection and analysis in the air travel planning domain ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075455)**Jacqueline C. Kowtko, P. J. Price*29 citations*
16. **[White paper on natural language processing ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075526)**Ralph Weischedel, Jaime Carbonell, Barbara J. Grosz et al.*29 citations*
17. **[Enhanced Good-Turing and Cat-Cal](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/church-1989-enhanced-good-turing-cat-cal/)**Kenneth Church, William A. Gale*28 citations · our summary*
18. **[SRI's DECIPHER system ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100990)**Hy Murveit, Michael Cohen, P. J. Price et al.*28 citations*
19. **[The BBN BYBLOS Continuous Speech Recognition system ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100968)**Richard M. Schwartz, Chris Barry, Yen-Lu Chow et al.*28 citations*
20. **[Probabilistic models of short and long distance word dependencies in running text ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.101006)**Julien Kupiec*27 citations*
21. **[Integrating speech and natural-language processing ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100998)**Robert T. Moore, Fernando M. B. Pereira, Hy Murveit*26 citations*
22. **[Naval Ocean Systems Center ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.1138544)**Beth M. Sundheim*26 citations*
23. **[Improvements in the stochastic segment model for Phoneme recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075491)**Vassilios Digalakis, Mari Ostendorf, Ján Rohlíček*25 citations*
24. **[The collection and preliminary analysis of a spontaneous speech database ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075456)**Victor W. Zue, Nancy A. Daly, James Glass et al.*25 citations*
25. **[Recent progress in the SPHINX Speech Recognition system ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100973)**Kai-Fu Lee, Hsiao-Wuen Hon, Mei-Yuh Hwang*22 citations*
26. **[TINA: a probabilistic syntactic parser for speech understanding systems ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100982)**Stephanie Seneff*21 citations*
27. **[Towards speech recognition without vocabulary-specific training ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075479)**Hsiao-Wuen Hon, Kai-Fu Lee, Robert Weide*21 citations*
28. **[Augmenting a hidden Markov model for phrase-dependent word tagging ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075451)**Julian M. Kupiec*20 citations*
29. **[Preference semantics for message understanding ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075448)**Ralph Grishman, John Sterling*20 citations*
30. **[Modelling non-verbal sounds for speech recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075443)**Wayne Ward*19 citations*
31. **[The Lincoln Continuous Speech Recognition system: recent developments and results ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100981)**Douglas B. Paul*19 citations*
32. **[Plans for a task-oriented evaluation of natural language understanding systems ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100984)**Beth M. Sundheim*17 citations*
33. **[Text on tap ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075463)**Mark Liberman*17 citations*
34. **[Rapid porting of the Parlance natural language interface ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100966)**Madeleine Bates*16 citations*
35. **[A CSR-NL interface specification version 1.5 ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075468)**Douglas B. Paul*15 citations*
36. **[Speech recognition in parallel ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075493)**Salvatore J. Stolfo, Zvi Galil, Kathleen R. McKeown et al.*15 citations*
37. **[The design of voice-driven interfaces ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100972)**Alexander I. Rudnicky*15 citations*
38. **[Large-vocabulary speaker-independent continuous speech recognition with semi-continuous hidden Markov models ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075480)**Xuedong Huang, Hsiao-Wuen Hon, K. F. Lee*14 citations*
39. **[Spectral estimation for noise robust speech recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075489)**Adoram Erell, Mitchel Weintraub*14 citations*
40. **[The VOYAGER speech understanding system ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075444)**Victor W. Zue, James Glass, David Goodine et al.*14 citations*
41. **[A proposal for SLS evaluation ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075457)**Sean Boisen, Lance Ramshaw, Damaris M. Ayuso et al.*12 citations*
42. **[Acoustical pre-processing for robust speech recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075488)**Richard M. Stern, Alejandro Acero*12 citations*
43. **[Automatic detection of new words in a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075477)**Ayman Asadi, Richard M. Schwartz, John I. Makhoul*11 citations*
44. **[Speaker independent phonetic transcription of fluent speech for large vocabulary speech recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100965)**S. Levinson, Mark Liberman, Andrej Ljolje et al.*11 citations*
45. **[Unification-based semantic interpretation in the BBN Spoken Language System ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075442)**David G. Stallard*11 citations*
46. **[A simple statistical class grammar for measuring speech recognition performance ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075458)**Alan Derr, Richard M. Schwartz*10 citations*
47. **[Answers and questions ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075445)**Catherine N. Ball, Deborah A. Dahl, Lewis M. Norton et al.*10 citations*
48. **[Preliminary evaluation of the VOYAGER spoken language system ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075460)**Victor W. Zue, James Glass, David Goodine et al.*10 citations*
49. **[The auditory processing and recognition of speech ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075490)**William Byrne, John Robinson, Shihab Shamma*10 citations*
50. **[Analyzing telegraphic messages ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100985)**Ralph Grishman, John Sterling*9 citations*
51. **[Improved HMM models for high performance speech recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075475)**Steve Austin, Richard M. Schwartz, George C. Yu et al.*9 citations*
52. **[Portability in the Janus Natural Language Interface ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100971)**Ralph Weischedel, Robert Bobrow, Damaris M. Ayuso et al.*9 citations*
53. **[A microphone array system for speech recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075510)**Harvey F. Silverman*8 citations*
54. **[Evaluating spoken language interaction ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075459)**Alexander I. Rudnicky, Michelle Sakamoto, Joseph H. Polifroni*8 citations*
55. **[The BBN Spoken Language System ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100970)**Sean Boisen, Yen-Lu Chow, Andrew Haus et al.*8 citations*
56. **[A stack decoder for continous speech recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075466)**Dean Sturtevant*7 citations*
57. **[Acoustic modeling of subword units for large vocabulary speaker independent speech recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075481)**Chin‐Hui Lee, Lawrence R. Rabiner, Roberto Pieraccini et al.*7 citations*
58. **[Automatic discovery of contextual factors describing phonological variation ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.101005)**Francine Chen, Jeff Shrager*7 citations*
59. **[Distinguishing questions by contour in speech recognition tasks ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075439)**Julia Hirschberg*7 citations*
60. **[Overview of the DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.1138528)**Lynette Hirschman*7 citations*
61. **[The MINDS system: using context and dialog to enhance speech ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100974)**Sheryl R. Young*7 citations*
62. **[Automatic new word acquisition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075478)**Fileno A. Alleva, Kai-Fu Lee*6 citations*
63. **[Data collection and evaluation ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075454)**David S. Pallett*5 citations*
64. **[Tied mixtures in the Lincoln robust CSR ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075483)**Douglas B. Paul*5 citations*
65. **[White paper on spoken language systems ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075525)**John I. Makhoul, Frederick Jelinek, L. R. Rabiner et al.*5 citations*
66. **[Analyzing explicitly-structured discourse in a limited domain: trouble and failure reports ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.101001)**Catherine N. Ball*4 citations*
67. **[Continuous speech recognition from phonetic transcription ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075482)**S. Levinson, Andrej Ljolje*4 citations*
68. **[Speaker adaptation from limited training in the BBN BYBLOS Speech Recognition system ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100969)**Francis Kubala, Ming-Whei Feng, John I. Makhoul et al.*4 citations*
69. **[Speaker adaptation using multiple reference speakers ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075476)**Francis Kubala, Richard M. Schwartz, Chris Barry*4 citations*
70. **[Workshop agenda ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.1138529)**Charles L. Wayne*4 citations*
71. **[Belief ascription and model generative reasoning ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075471)**Yorick Alexander Wilks, Roger T. Hartley*3 citations*
72. **[Elements of a computational model of cooperative response generation ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100987)**Brant A. Cheikes, Bonnie Webber*3 citations*
73. **[Integrating speech and natural language ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.1138534)**Salim Roukos*3 citations*
74. **[Porting PUNDIT to the resource management domain ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.101004)**Lynette Hirschman, François-Michel Lang, John Dowding et al.*3 citations*
75. **[Using structural constraints for speech act interpretation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/allen-1989-structural-constraints-speech-act-interpretation/)**James F. Allen, Elizabeth Hinkelman*3 citations · our summary*
76. **[A common facts data base ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100967)**William R. Crowther*2 citations*
77. **[Auditory speech preprocessors ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100989)**George Zweig*2 citations*
78. **[Dragon ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100976)**Janet M. Baker, James K. Baker*2 citations*
79. **[Goats to sheep: can recognition rate be improved for poor Tangora speaker? ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100977)**Catalina M. Denis*2 citations*
80. **[Lexicalized TAGs, parsing and lexicons ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100986)**Anne Abeillé*2 citations*
81. **[New possibilities in machine translation ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075452)**Eduard H. Hovy*2 citations*
82. **[Porting to new domains using the Learner#8482; ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075472)**Robert J. P. Ingria, Lance Ramshaw*2 citations*
83. **[Real-time speech recognition systems ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075521)**Hy Murveit*2 citations*
84. **[Timing models for prosody and cross-word coarticulation in connected speech ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075438)**Mary E. Beckman*2 citations*
85. **[A very brief introduction to computational linguistics ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.1138531)**Ralph Grishman*1 citation*
86. **[An evaluation of lexicalization in parsing ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075498)**Aravind K. Joshi, Yves Schabes*1 citation*
87. **[Chart parsing of stochastic spoken language models ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100999)**Charles T. Hemphill, Joseph Picone*1 citation*
88. **[Reducing search by partitioning the word network ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.101002)**John Dowding*1 citation*
89. **[Session 11 ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075496)**Kenneth Church*1 citation*
90. **[Speech research at Carnegie Mellon ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075511)**Raj Reddy*1 citation*
91. **[A preprocessor for speech recognition systems operating in noisy environments ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.1138551)**George Zweig
92. **[Acoustic-phonetics based speech recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.1138538)**Victor W. Zue
93. **[Analysis and symbolic processing of unrestricted speech ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075523)**M. Margaret Withgott, Ronald M. Kaplan
94. **[Analysis and symbolic processing of unrestricted speech ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.1138561)**M. Margaret Withgott, Ronald M. Kaplan
95. **[Contextually-based data-derived pronunciation networks for automatic speech recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075494)**Francine R. Chen
96. **[Data collection and evaluation II ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075462)**Ralph Grishman
97. **[Establishing performance baselines for text understanding systems ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075515)**Beth M. Sundheim
98. **[Evaluating the use of prosodic information in speech recognition and understanding ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075508)**Mari Ostendorf, P. J. Price
99. **[Generalized consultation systems and knowledge acquisition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/1075434.1075507)**Robert Wilensky
100. **[ISI ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/100964.100978)**William C. Mann, Eduard H. Hovy

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