---
title: "HLT 1991 — all accepted papers with summaries and citations"
description: "All 106 papers of HLT 1991 · page 1 of 2, the most cited first; those with our summary link to it."
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/darpa-workshop-on-speech-and-natural-language-hlt/1991/papers/"
---
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# HLT 1991: all accepted papers

106 papers · page 1 of 2 · the most cited first · [← HLT 1991](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/darpa-workshop-on-speech-and-natural-language-hlt/1991/)

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1. **[Procedure for quantitatively comparing the syntactic coverage of English grammars ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112467)**Judith L. Klavans, Mark Liberman, Mitchell P. Marcus et al.*432 citations*
2. **[Identifying word correspondence in parallel texts ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112428)**William A. Gale, Kenneth Church*290 citations*
3. **[Evaluating text categorization ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112471)**David D. Lewis*231 citations*
4. **[A dynamic language model for speech recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112464)**F. Jelinek, Bernard Mérialdo, Salim Roukos et al.*122 citations*
5. **[A statistical approach to sense disambiguation in machine translation ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112427)**Peter F. Brown, Stephen A. Della Pietra, Vincent J. Della Pietra et al.*108 citations*
6. **[Integration of diverse recognition methodologies through reevaluation of N-best sentence hypotheses ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112416)**Mari Ostendorf, A. Kannan, S. Austin et al.*99 citations*
7. **[Automatic acquisition of subcategorization frames from tagged text ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112478)**Michael R. Brent, Robert C. Berwick*86 citations*
8. **[Bayesian learning of Gaussian mixture densities for hidden Markov models ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112457)**Jean‐Luc Gauvain, Chin‐Hui Lee*66 citations*
9. **[The use of prosody in syntactic disambiguation ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112738)**P. J. Price, Mari Ostendorf, Stefanie Shattuck‐Hufnagel et al.*63 citations*
10. **[Stochastic representation of conceptual structure in the ATIS task ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112423)**Roberto Pieraccini, Esther Levin, Chin‐Hui Lee*52 citations*
11. **[A template matcher for robust NL interpretation ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112434)**Eric Jackson, Douglas E. Appelt, John Bear et al.*49 citations*
12. **[Use of prosody in syntactic disambiguation ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112740)**Colin W. Wightman, N. M. Veilleuz, Mari Ostendorf*49 citations*
13. **[Context dependent modeling of phones in continuous speech using decision trees ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112453)**L.R. Bahl, P. V. de Soutza, Ponani S. Gopalakrishnan et al.*44 citations*
14. **[Interactive problem solving and dialogue in the ATIS domain ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112743)**Stephanie Seneff, Lynette Hirschman, Victor W. Zue*39 citations*
15. **[Lexico-semantic pattern matching as a companion to parsing in text understanding ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112477)**Paul S. Jacobs, George R. Krupka, Lisa F. Rau*39 citations*
16. **[Collection and analysis of data from real users ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112430)**Judith Spitz*25 citations*
17. **[Studies in part of speech labelling ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112475)**Marie W. Meteer, Richard M. Schwartz, Ralph Weischedel*24 citations*
18. **[Discourse structure in the TRAINS project ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112474)**James F. Allen*23 citations*
19. **[Evaluation of the CMU ATIS system ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112419)**Wayne Ward*22 citations*
20. **[Predicting intonational boundaries automatically from text ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112739)**Michelle Q. Wang Baldonado, Julia Hirschberg*22 citations*
21. **[Partial parsing ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112437)**Ralph Weischedel, Damaris M. Ayuso, Robert Bobrow et al.*21 citations*
22. **[A study on speaker-adaptive speech recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112458)**Xuedong Huang*20 citations*
23. **[Speech recognition in SRI's resource management and ATIS systems ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112418)**Hy Murveit, John Butzberger, Mitchel Weintraub*20 citations*
24. **[Statistical agenda parsing ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112440)**Robert Bobrow*20 citations*
25. **[Third message understanding evaluation and conference (MUC-3) ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112465)**Beth M. Sundheim*20 citations*
26. **[BYBLOS speech recognition benchmark results ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112415)**Francis Kubala, S. Austin, C. Barry et al.*18 citations*
27. **[Speech understanding and dialouge over the telephone ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112408)**Jeremy Peckham*18 citations*
28. **[Development and preliminary evaluation of the MIT ATIS system ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112417)**Stephanie Seneff, James Glass, David Goddeau et al.*17 citations*
29. **[Efficient bottom-up parsing ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112436)**Robert T. Moore, John Dowding*17 citations*
30. **[Recent progress in robust vocabulary-independent speech recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112452)**Hsiao-Wuen Hon, Kai-Fu Lee*17 citations*
31. **[Experience with a stack decoder-based HMM CSR and back-OFF N-gram language models ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112459)**Douglas B. Paul*16 citations*
32. **[Interactive multimedia explanation for equipment maintenance and repair ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138650)**Kathleen R. McKeown, Steven Feiner*16 citations*
33. **[A Trellis-based algorithm for estimating the parameters of a hidden stochastic context-free grammar ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112448)**Julian M. Kupiec*15 citations*
34. **[Analog implementations of auditory models ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112438)**Richard F. Lyon*15 citations*
35. **[A proposal for lexical disambiguation ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112742)**George Armitage Miller, Daniel A. Teibel*14 citations*
36. **[Continuous speech recognition using segmental neural nets ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112450)**S. Austin, J. Makhoul, Richard M. Schwartz et al.*14 citations*
37. **[New results with the Lincoln tied-mixture HMM CSR system ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112413)**Douglas B. Paul*14 citations*
38. **[Session 2 ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112411)**David S. Pallett*14 citations*
39. **[Autodirective microphone systems for natural communication with speech recognizers ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112431)**James L. Flanagan, Richard J. Mammone, Gary W. Elko*13 citations*
40. **[Collection of spontaneous speech for the ATIS domain and comparative analyses of data collected at MIT and TI ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112481)**Joseph H. Polifroni, Stephanie Seneff, Victor W. Zue*13 citations*
41. **[Augmented role filling capabilities for semantic interpretation of spoken language ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112424)**Lewis M. Norton, Marcia C. Linebarger, Deborah A. Dahl et al.*11 citations*
42. **[The mapping unit approach to subcategorization ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112433)**Robert Bobrow, Robert J. P. Ingria, David G. Stallard*11 citations*
43. **[Fixed and flexible phrase structure ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112435)**Aravind K. Joshi, Yves Schabes*10 citations*
44. **[Parsing the voyager domain using pearl ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112442)**David M. Magerman, Mitchell P. Marcus*10 citations*
45. **[A proposal for incremental dialogue evaluation ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112472)**Madeleine Bates, Damaris M. Ayuso*9 citations*
46. **[Very large annotated database of American English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/marcus-1991-very-large-annotated-database-american/)**Mitch Marcus A*8 citations · our summary*
47. **[Fast text processing for information retrieval ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112480)**Tomek Strzalkowski, Barabara Vauthey*7 citations*
48. **[Signal representation, attribute extraction and, the use of distinctive features for phonetic classification ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112432)**Helen M. L. Meng, Victor W. Zue, Hong C. Leung*7 citations*
49. **[Calculating the probability of a partial parse of a sentence ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112446)**Fred Kochman, Joseph J. Kupin*6 citations*
50. **[Modelling context dependency in acoustic-phonetic and lexical representations ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112414)**Michael Phillips, James Glass, Victor W. Zue*6 citations*
51. **[Lexical access with a statistically-derived phonetic network ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112462)**Michael Riley, Andrej Ljolje*5 citations*
52. **[Using semantics to correct parser output for ATIS utterances ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112420)**Sheryl R. Young*5 citations*
53. **[Dragon systems resource management benchmark results — February 1991 ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112412)**James Baker, Richard Benedict, Janet M. Baker et al.*4 citations*
54. **[A snapshot of two DARPA speech and natural language programs ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138641)**Charles L. Wayne*3 citations*
55. **[Adaptive natural language processing ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138642)**Ralph Weischedel*3 citations*
56. **[Integrating syntax and semantics into spoken language understanding ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112737)**Lynette Hirschman, Stephanie Seneff, David Goodine et al.*3 citations*
57. **[Overview of the fourth DARPA speech and natural language workshop ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138615)**P. J. Price*3 citations*
58. **[Some results on stochastic language modeling ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112441)**Renato De Mori, Roland Kühn*3 citations*
59. **[The use of commercial natural language interface in the ATIS task ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112425)**Evelyne Tzoukermann*3 citations*
60. **[Using spoken language to facilitate military transportation planning ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112439)**Madeleine Bates, Daniel Joseph Ellard, Pat Peterson et al.*3 citations*
61. **[A textual processor to handle ATIS queries ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112422)**Douglas D. O’Shaughnessy*2 citations*
62. **[Corpus collection for ATIS ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138660)**Jared Bernstein*2 citations*
63. **[Machine translation in Europe ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112409)**Susan Warwick-Armstrong*2 citations*
64. **[Real-time speech recognition system ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138661)**Hy Murveit, Mitchel Weintraub*2 citations*
65. **[SRI's real-time spoken language system ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138662)**P. J. Price, Robert C. Moore*2 citations*
66. **[A dynamical system approach to approach to continuous recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112451)**Vassilios Digalakis, Ján Rohlíček, Mari Ostendorf*1 citation*
67. **[BBN HARC and Delphi results on the ATIS benchmarks — February 1991 ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112421)**S. Austin, Damaris M. Ayuso, Madeleine Bates et al.*1 citation*
68. **[Machine translation using abductive inference ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112426)**Jerry R. Hobbs, Megumi Kameyama*1 citation*
69. **[New York University proteus project ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138658)**Ralph Grishman*1 citation*
70. **[Spoken language systems ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138644)**John I. Makhoul*1 citation*
71. **[The ESPRIT project polyglot ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112406)**Louis Boves*1 citation*
72. **[A robust preprocessor for speech-recognition systems ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138659)**George Zweig
73. **[Active knowledge structures in natural language understanding ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138657)**Yorick Alexander Wilks
74. **[ESPRIT, the European strategic programme for research and development in information technology ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112410)**Unknown
75. **[Evaluating text understanding systems ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138656)**Beth M. Sundheim
76. **[Evaluating the use of prosodic information in speech recognition and understanding ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138645)**Mari Ostendorf, P. J. Price
77. **[Field test evaluations and optimization of speaker independent speech recognition for telephone applications ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112429)**Christian Gagnoulet, Christel Sorin
78. **[Language processing and commonsense reasoning ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138665)**Robert Wilensky
79. **[Linguistic knowledge sources for spoken language understanding ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138664)**Deborah A. Dahl
80. **[Microphone-array systems for speech recognition input ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138647)**Harvey F. Silverman
81. **[NIST-DARPA interagency agreement ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138655)**David S. Pallett
82. **[Natural language research ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138666)**Aravind K. Joshi, Mitch Marcus A, Mark J. Steedman et al.
83. **[Natural language, knowledge representation and discourse ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138668)**James F. Allen, Lenhart K. Schubert
84. **[Portable software modules for speech recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138652)**John E. Shore
85. **[Progress report for DARPA SLS program at Dragon Systems, Inc. ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138651)**Janet M. Baker, Larry Gillick
86. **[Research in continuous speech recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138643)**John I. Makhoul, Richard M. Schwartz
87. **[Robust speech recognition technology program summary ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138654)**Clifford J. Weinstein, Douglas B. Paul
88. **[Segment-based acoustic models with multi-level search algorithms for continuous speech recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138646)**Mari Ostendorf, J. Robin Rohlicek
89. **[Session summary ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138624)**James F. Allen
90. **[Session summary ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138632)**Francis Kubala
91. **[Session summary ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138638)**Edward P. Neuburg
92. **[Session summary ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138636)**Mitch Marcus A
93. **[Session summary ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138628)**Salim Roukos
94. **[Session summary ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138634)**Clifford J. Weinstein
95. **[Session summary ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138626)**Mari Ostendorf
96. **[Session summary ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138622)**Richard F. Lyon
97. **[Session summary ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138620)**Jaime Carbonell
98. **[Session summary ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138630)**Kai-Fu Lee
99. **[Session summary ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.1138617)**Mark Liberman, P. J. Price
100. **[Some notes about research and development at KTH ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112407)**Rolf Carlson

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