---
title: "Science China Information Sciences 2024 — all accepted papers"
description: "All 359 papers of Science China Information Sciences 2024 · page 1 of 4, the most cited first; those with our summary link to it."
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/science-china-information-sciences/2024/papers/"
---
[Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/science-china-information-sciences/2024/papers/)

[home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [venues](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/) / [Science China Information Sciences](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/science-china-information-sciences/) / [2024](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/science-china-information-sciences/2024/) / papers

# Science China Information Sciences 2024: all accepted papers

359 papers · page 1 of 4 · the most cited first · [← Science China Information Sciences 2024](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/science-china-information-sciences/2024/)

**1** [2](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/science-china-information-sciences/2024/papers/page/2/) [3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/science-china-information-sciences/2024/papers/page/3/) [4](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/science-china-information-sciences/2024/papers/page/4/) [next →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/science-china-information-sciences/2024/papers/page/2/)

1. **[SBSM-Pro: support bio-sequence machine for proteins ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4171-9)**Yizheng Wang, Yixiao Zhai, Yijie Ding et al.*370 citations*
2. **[How far are we to GPT-4V? Closing the gap to commercial multimodal models with open-source suites](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chen-2024-far-gpt-4v-closing/)**Zhe Chen, Weiyun Wang, Weiyun Wang et al.*325 citations · our summary*
3. **[Perceptual video quality assessment: a survey ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4133-3)**Xiongkuo Min, Huiyu Duan, Wei Sun et al.*210 citations*
4. **[OCRBench: on the hidden mystery of OCR in large multimodal models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/liu-2023-ocrbench-hidden-mystery-ocr-large/)**Yuliang Liu, Zhang Li, Mingxin Huang et al.*164 citations · our summary*
5. **[A survey on model-based reinforcement learning ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-3696-5)**Fan-Ming Luo, Tian Xu, Hang Lai et al.*148 citations*
6. **[Woodpecker: hallucination correction for multimodal large language models ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4251-x)**Shukang Yin, Chaoyou Fu, Sirui Zhao et al.*118 citations*
7. **[Two-dimensional materials for future information technology: status and prospects ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4033-8)**Hao Qiu, Zhihao Yu, Tiange Zhao et al.*116 citations*
8. **[CPT: a pre-trained unbalanced transformer for both Chinese language understanding and generation ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-021-3536-5)**Yunfan Shao, Zhichao Geng, Yitao Liu et al.*113 citations*
9. **[Intelligent integrated sensing and communication: a survey ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4205-8)**Jifa Zhang, Weidang Lu, Chengwen Xing et al.*100 citations*
10. **[Deep learning-based software engineering: progress, challenges, and opportunities ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4127-5)**Xiangping Chen, Xing Hu, Yuan Huang et al.*98 citations*
11. **[Quantum self-attention neural networks for text classification ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3879-7)**Guangxi Li, Xuanqiang Zhao, Xin Wang*96 citations*
12. **[Accumulated-state-error-based event-triggered sampling scheme and its application to H∞ control of sampled-data systems ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4038-3)**Xian‐Ming Zhang, Qing‐Long Han, Bao–Lin Zhang et al.*89 citations*
13. **[Online Pareto optimal control of mean-field stochastic multi-player systems using policy iteration ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3982-y)**Xiushan Jiang, Yanshuang Wang, Dongya Zhao et al.*66 citations*
14. **[TPpred-SC: multi-functional therapeutic peptide prediction based on multi-label supervised contrastive learning ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4147-8)**Ke Yan, Hongwu Lv, Jiangyi Shao et al.*63 citations*
15. **[XRL-SHAP-Cache: an explainable reinforcement learning approach for intelligent edge service caching in content delivery networks ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3987-y)**Xiaolong Xu, Fan Wu, Muhammad Bilal et al.*55 citations*
16. **[Finite-time tracking control of heterogeneous multi-AUV systems with partial measurements and intermittent communication ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3903-6)**Bo Chen, Jiangping Hu, Bijoy Kumar Ghosh*54 citations*
17. **[Reducing idleness in financial cloud services via multi-objective evolutionary reinforcement learning based load balancer ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3895-3)**Peng Yang, Laoming Zhang, Haifeng Liu et al.*52 citations*
18. **[Path signature-based XAI-enabled network time series classification ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3978-y)**Le Sun, Yueyuan Wang, Yongjun Ren et al.*46 citations*
19. **[BioKG-CMI: a multi-source feature fusion model based on biological knowledge graph for predicting circRNA-miRNA interactions ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4098-3)**Mengmeng Wei, Lei Wang, Yang Li et al.*43 citations*
20. **[DocPedia: unleashing the power of large multimodal model in the frequency domain for versatile document understanding ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4250-y)**Hao Feng, Qi Liu, Hao Liu et al.*43 citations*
21. **[UAV swarm air combat maneuver decision-making method based on multi-agent reinforcement learning and transferring ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4088-2)**Zhiqiang Zheng, Chen Wei, Haibin Duan*42 citations*
22. **[GPS: graph contrastive learning via multi-scale augmented views from adversarial pooling ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-3952-3)**Wei Ju, Yiyang Gu, Zhengyang Mao et al.*41 citations*
23. **[When AI meets sustainable 6G ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4257-6)**Xiaohu You, Yongming Huang, Cheng Long Zhang et al.*41 citations*
24. **[An evolutionary multiobjective method based on dominance and decomposition for feature selection in classification ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3864-6)**Jing Liang, Yuyang Zhang, Ke Chen et al.*40 citations*
25. **[Joint UAV trajectory and communication design with heterogeneous multi-agent reinforcement learning ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3906-3)**Xuanhan Zhou, Jun Xiong, Haitao Zhao et al.*40 citations*
26. **[Robust cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning via multi-view message certification ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3853-y)**Lei Yuan, Tao Jiang, Lihe Li et al.*40 citations*
27. **[SAM3D: zero-shot 3D object detection via the segment anything model ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3943-6)**Dingyuan Zhang, Dingkang Liang, Hongcheng Yang et al.*39 citations*
28. **[A deep learning model enabled multi-event recognition for distributed optical fiber sensing ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3896-4)**Yujiao Li, Xiaomin Cao, Wenhao Ni et al.*37 citations*
29. **[Semantic-aware coordinated transmission in cohesive clustered satellites: utility of information perspective ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4106-5)**Liang Xu, Jian Jiao, Shiyao Jiang et al.*32 citations*
30. **[Privacy-preserving explainable AI: a survey ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4123-4)**Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen, Thanh Trung Huynh, Zhao Ren et al.*31 citations*
31. **[A FAS approach for stabilization of generalized chained forms: part 1. Discontinuous control laws ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-3730-8)**Guang‐Ren Duan*30 citations*
32. **[Stabilities of delay stochastic McKean-Vlasov equations in the G-framework ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4075-2)**Haiyan Yuan, Quanxin Zhu*29 citations*
33. **[Enhancing SAEAs with unevaluated solutions: a case study of relation model for expensive optimization ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3909-x)**Hao Hao, Xiaoqun Zhang, Aimin Zhou*28 citations*
34. **[Explainable-AI-based two-stage solution for WSN object localization using zero-touch mobile transceivers ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3968-9)**Kai Fang, Junxin Chen, Han Zhu et al.*28 citations*
35. **[Understanding and improving fairness in cognitive diagnosis ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-3852-0)**Zheng Zhang, Le Wu, Qi Liu et al.*27 citations*
36. **[A novel graph oversampling framework for node classification in class-imbalanced graphs ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3897-2)**Riting Xia, Chunxu Zhang, Yan Zhang et al.*26 citations*
37. **[A survey of decision making in adversarial games ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-3777-y)**Xiuxian Li, Min Meng, Yiguang Hong et al.*26 citations*
38. **[High-performance broadband photodetector based on PtSe2/MoS2 heterojunction from visible to near-infrared region ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3812-1)**Bin Wang, Jian Yuan, Mengqi Che et al.*26 citations*
39. **[Mathematics of multi-agent learning systems at the interface of game theory and artificial intelligence ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-3997-0)**Long Wang, Feng Fu, Xingru Chen*26 citations*
40. **[Next generation multiple access for IMT towards 2030 and beyond ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4014-x)**Zhiguo Ding, Robert Schober, Pingzhi Fan et al.*26 citations*
41. **[Adaptive 5G-and-beyond network-enabled interpretable federated learning enhanced by neuroevolution ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4011-4)**Bin Cao, Jianwei Zhao, Xin Liu et al.*24 citations*
42. **[Dynamic event-triggered fault-tolerant cooperative resilient tracking control with prescribed performance for UAVs ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4099-x)**Rong Yuan, Zhengcai An, Shuyi Shao et al.*24 citations*
43. **[Prescribed time control based on the periodic delayed sliding mode surface without singularities ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4052-4)**Bin Zhou, Yi Ding, Kang‐Kang Zhang et al.*24 citations*
44. **[Ultra-low power IGZO optoelectronic synaptic transistors for neuromorphic computing ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3966-8)**Li Qiang Zhu, Sixian Li, Junchen Lin et al.*24 citations*
45. **[Aperiodically semi-intermittent-based fixed-time stabilization and synchronization of delayed discontinuous inertial neural networks ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4053-9)**Guodong Zhang, Jinde Cao*23 citations*
46. **[Automatically identifying imperfections and attacks in practical quantum key distribution systems via machine learning ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3988-x)**Jiaxin Xu, Xiao Ma, Jingyang Liu et al.*23 citations*
47. **[Blindness-free beam scanning antenna with array of array architecture: principle, design, and experiment ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3919-2)**Jianxu Sun, Yu Jian Cheng*23 citations*
48. **[Nonsingularity of grain-like cascade feedback shift registers subject to fault attacks ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4044-8)**Haitao Li, Zhaoqi Liu, Wenrong Li*23 citations*
49. **[Optimization methods rooted in optimal control ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4207-5)**Huanshui Zhang, Hongxia Wang, Yeming Xu et al.*23 citations*
50. **[Adaptive neural network control of a 2-DOF helicopter system considering input constraints and global prescribed performance ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3949-3)**Zhijia Zhao, Jiale Wu, Zhijie Liu et al.*22 citations*
51. **[Lead-free metal halide scintillator materials for imaging applications ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4057-0)**Junzhe Lin, Dan Guo, Tianrui Zhai*22 citations*
52. **[Multi-step state-based opacity for unambiguous weighted machines ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4041-6)**Zhipeng Zhang, Chengyi Xia, Guoyuan Qi et al.*22 citations*
53. **[Robust video question answering via contrastive cross-modality representation learning ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4084-6)**Xun Yang, Jianming Zeng, Dan Guo et al.*22 citations*
54. **[Super retina TFT based full color microLED display via laser mass transfer ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4111-9)**Xu San Yang, Jinchai Li, Xuhui Peng et al.*22 citations*
55. **[COMPrompter: reconceptualized segment anything model with multiprompt network for camouflaged object detection ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4233-9)**Xiaoqin Zhang, Zhenni Yu, Li Zhao et al.*21 citations*
56. **[Fixed-time stabilization of output-constrained stochastic high-order nonlinear systems ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3981-9)**Ruiming Xie, Shengyuan Xu*21 citations*
57. **[Large circuit models: opportunities and challenges ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4155-7)**Lei Chen, Yiqi Chen, Zhufei Chu et al.*21 citations*
58. **[Lead-free perovskites-based photonic synaptic devices with zero electric energy consumption ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3835-4)**Dandan Hao, Di Yang, Haixia Liang et al.*21 citations*
59. **[NeurDB: an AI-powered autonomous data system ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4125-9)**Beng Chin Ooi, Shaofeng Cai, Gang Chen et al.*21 citations*
60. **[Vector field path following for a micro flapping-wing robot ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4027-x)**Haifeng Huang, Yingte Liu, Tao Niu et al.*21 citations*
61. **[Logit prototype learning with active multimodal representation for robust open-set recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3924-x)**Yimin Fu, Zhunga Liu, Zicheng Wang*20 citations*
62. **[Review of chiplet-based design: system architecture and interconnection ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3926-8)**Yafei Liu, Xiangyu Li, Shouyi Yin*20 citations*
63. **[An isolated symmetrical 2T2R cell enabling high precision and high density for RRAM-based in-memory computing ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3887-0)**Yaotian Ling, Zongwei Wang, Yuhang Yang et al.*19 citations*
64. **[Distinct but correct: generating diversified and entity-revised medical response ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-021-3534-9)**Bin Li, Bin Sun, Shutao Li et al.*19 citations*
65. **[Empowering over-the-air personalized federated learning via RIS ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4160-3)**Wei Shi, Jiacheng Yao, Jindan Xu et al.*19 citations*
66. **[Granger causal representation learning for groups of time series ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-021-3724-0)**Ruichu Cai, Yunjin Wu, Xiaokai Huang et al.*19 citations*
67. **[Multi-instance partial-label learning: towards exploiting dual inexact supervision ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3771-6)**Wei Tang, Weijia Zhang, Min-Ling Zhang*19 citations*
68. **[Constrained reinforcement learning with statewise projection: a control barrier function approach ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3872-9)**Xinze Jin, Kuo Li, Qing‐Shan Jia*18 citations*
69. **[Cooperative control for heterogeneous multi-agent systems: progress, applications, and challenges ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4001-6)**Bing Cheng Yan, Peng Jia Shi, Jonathon A. Chambers*18 citations*
70. **[Latest progress for 3GPP ISAC channel modeling standardization ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4172-8)**Yuxiang Zhang, Jianhua Zhang, Yuanpeng Pei et al.*18 citations*
71. **[Multi-agent policy transfer via task relationship modeling ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3862-1)**Rongjun Qin, Feng Chen, Tonghan Wang et al.*18 citations*
72. **[Prescribed-time stabilization and inverse optimal control of stochastic high-order nonlinear systems ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-3842-2)**Ran Liu, Hui Wang, Wuquan Li*18 citations*
73. **[Stability analysis and stabilization of semi-Markov jump linear systems with unavailable sojourn-time information ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4065-2)**Xiaotai Wu, Yang Shan Tang, Shuai Mao et al.*18 citations*
74. **[Contact engineering for temperature stability improvement of Bi-contacted MoS2 field effect transistors ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3942-2)**Zizheng Liu, Qing Zhang, Xiaohe Huang et al.*17 citations*
75. **[Deep learning for code generation: a survey ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3956-3)**Huangzhao Zhang, Kechi Zhang, Zhuo Li et al.*17 citations*
76. **[EmotionIC: emotional inertia and contagion-driven dependency modeling for emotion recognition in conversation ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3908-6)**Yingjian Liu, Jiang Li, Xiaoping Wang et al.*17 citations*
77. **[Gradient sparsification for efficient wireless federated learning with differential privacy ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3918-9)**Kang Wei, Jun Li, Chuan Ma et al.*17 citations*
78. **[Lattice-based access authentication scheme for quantum communication networks ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4177-5)**Min Wang, Gui‐Lu Long*17 citations*
79. **[Shor’s algorithm does not factor large integers in the presence of noise ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3961-3)**Jin‐Yi Cai*17 citations*
80. **[A 10-kHz 12–16-bit reconfigurable zoom ADC with pole optimization technique and floating current-starved amplifier ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4189-1)**Zhangming Zhu, Jiajun Song, Yuhua Liang*16 citations*
81. **[Continuous variable quantum teleportation and remote state preparation between two space-separated local networks ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3913-2)**Siyu Ren, Dongmei Han, Meihong Wang et al.*16 citations*
82. **[FUSE: a federated learning and U-shape split learning-based electricity theft detection framework ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3946-x)**Xuan Li, Naiyu Wang, Liehuang Zhu et al.*16 citations*
83. **[Repeat-pass space-surface bistatic SAR tomography: accurate imaging and first experiment ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4089-2)**Zhiyang Chen, Yuanhao Li, Cheng Hu et al.*16 citations*
84. **[Understanding adversarial attacks on observations in deep reinforcement learning ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-021-3688-y)**You Qiaoben, Chengyang Ying, Xinning Zhou et al.*16 citations*
85. **[A model reduction approach for discrete-time linear time-variant systems with delayed inputs ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-3766-3)**Ai‐Guo Wu, Guang‐Ren Duan, Yu Wang et al.*15 citations*
86. **[Bioinspired sensing-memory-computing integrated vision systems: biomimetic mechanisms, design principles, and applications ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3888-0)**Yujie Huang, Yinlong Tan, Yan Kang et al.*15 citations*
87. **[Bulk photovoltaic effect in two-dimensional ferroelectric α-In2Se3 ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4070-8)**Huiting Wang, Shuaiqin Wu, Yan Chen et al.*15 citations*
88. **[Hybrid stochastic control strategy by two-layer networks for dissipating urban traffic congestion ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3983-7)**Xiaojing Zhong, Bin Pang, Feiqi Deng et al.*15 citations*
89. **[Two-layer Lagrange-based relay network topology and trajectory design for solar system explorations ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3936-7)**Jun Cao, Jian Jiao, Hao Liu et al.*15 citations*
90. **[An online value iteration method for linear-quadratic mean field social control with unknown dynamics ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3962-0)**Bing‐Chang Wang, Shumei Li, Ying Cao*14 citations*
91. **[Identifying malicious traffic under concept drift based on intraclass consistency enhanced variational autoencoder ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4010-4)**Xiang Luo, Chang Liu, Gaopeng Gou et al.*14 citations*
92. **[Multiple types of disease-associated RNAs identification for disease prognosis and therapy using heterogeneous graph learning ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4100-7)**Wenxiang Zhang, Hang Wei, Wenjing Zhang et al.*14 citations*
93. **[Wideband chaos generation using a VCSEL with intensity modulation optical injection for random number generation ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4002-6)**Yu Huang, Shuangquan Gu, Yuhang Feng et al.*14 citations*
94. **[Autonomous multi-drone racing method based on deep reinforcement learning ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4029-9)**Yu Kang, Jian Di, Ming Li et al.*13 citations*
95. **[Distributed optimal consensus control for multiagent systems based on event-triggered and prioritized experience replay strategies ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4183-4)**C. Zhang, Lianghao Ji, Shasha Yang et al.*13 citations*
96. **[Domain generalization with semi-supervised learning for people-centric activity recognition ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-3860-y)**Jing Liu, Wei Zhu, Di Li et al.*13 citations*
97. **[HF-VHF NEMS resonators enabled by 2D semiconductor ReSe2 ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-024-4047-2)**Jie Tang, Ziluo Su, Shuang Cai et al.*13 citations*
98. **[Integrating sequence and graph information for enhanced drug-target affinity prediction ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-3793-7)**Haohuai He, Guanxing Chen, Calvin Yu‐Chian Chen*13 citations*
99. **[Near-field channel estimation for extremely large-scale Terahertz communications ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4077-8)**Songjie Yang, Yizhou Peng, Wanting Lyu et al.*13 citations*
100. **[Physics-informed deep Koopman operator for Lagrangian dynamic systems ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-4050-4)**Xuefeng Wang, Yang Hua Cao, Shaofeng Chen et al.*13 citations*

**1** [2](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/science-china-information-sciences/2024/papers/page/2/) [3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/science-china-information-sciences/2024/papers/page/3/) [4](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/science-china-information-sciences/2024/papers/page/4/) [next →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/science-china-information-sciences/2024/papers/page/2/)

- [← back to](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/science-china-information-sciences/2024/) — Science China Information Sciences 2024