---
title: "Visual Representations of Temporal Relations — Amorim 2025"
description: "Dense temporal relation annotations are hard to read in common tools: Brat displays the entire text together with all entities and links, so annotator…"
authors: ["Evelin Amorim", "António Leal", "Nana Yu", "Purificação Moura Silvano", "Alipio Mario Jorge"]
year: 2025
venue: "Proceedings of the 19th Linguistic Annotation Workshop (LAW-XIX-2025)"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/2025.law-1.20/"
doi: "10.18653/v1/2025.law-1.20"
licence: "CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/papers/amorim-2025-visual-representations-temporal-relations-between/"
---
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# Visual Representations of Temporal Relations between Events and Time Expressions in News Stories

**Authors:** Evelin Amorim, António Leal, Nana Yu, Purificação Moura Silvano, Alipio Mario Jorge · **Year:** 2025 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the 19th Linguistic Annotation Workshop (LAW-XIX-2025) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2025.law-1.20/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2025.law-1.20.pdf) · [DOI 10.18653/v1/2025.law-1.20](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.law-1.20) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4412944231)

**Citations:** 0 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14)

## Summary
Dense temporal relation annotations are hard to read in common tools: Brat displays the entire text together with all entities and links, so annotator errors are easy to miss. The authors propose Vitra (Visualizer of temporal relation annotations), an open-source tool for experts. It shows temporal expressions, the events linked to them and the relations between them separately, and places them on a timeline. The tool was tested on a subset of the Text2Story Lusa corpus, which consists of Portuguese news articles. Annotations made in Brat were converted to JSON using the text2story package. On this data, the authors showed that atypical patterns in a multilayer scheme become more noticeable when the visualization focuses on a single layer. The resulting observations have already led to changes in the annotation guidelines. A small survey of linguist annotators showed that Vitra is on par with Brat and was even rated slightly higher for detecting errors and temporal patterns. The work matters because it supports iterative refinement of annotation schemes and the quality of corpora for model training.

## Key points
- Data: 67 news texts in European Portuguese, mostly from October–December 2020, from the Text2Story Lusa corpus. The annotation scheme is based on ISO-TimeML and taken from Silvano et al. (2023a).
- Vitra's code is open source and available on GitHub (evelinamorim/sentencevisual); there is also an online demo. Conversion from the Brat standoff format to JSON is done by the text2story package.
- The questionnaire contained six statements. Vitra was rated by 3 experts, Brat by 4. For the ability to detect errors, Vitra received scores of 4, 4 and 5, and Brat from 2 to 5. For detecting temporal patterns, Vitra received 5, 5 and 4, and Brat 4, 4, 4 and 2.
- The authors themselves acknowledge limitations: the respondent sample is too small for statistical conclusions (they recommend at least 15), the tool does not allow correcting annotations, and it is tied to a single scheme.
- In their future plans, the authors mention support for other formats and schemes, as well as integrating Vitra into the INCEpTION annotation tool.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/shelves/linguistics/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{amorim2025visual,
  title = {{Visual Representations of Temporal Relations between Events and Time Expressions in News Stories}},
  author = {Amorim, Evelin and Leal, António and Yu, Nana and Silvano, Purificação Moura and Jorge, Alipio Mario},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th Linguistic Annotation Workshop (LAW-XIX-2025)},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/2025.law-1.20},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.law-1.20}
}
```

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