---
title: "Detecting Subevent Structure for Event — Araki 2014"
description: "Most work on event coreference only asks whether two event mentions denote the very same event."
authors: ["Jun Araki", "Zhengzhong Liu", "Eduard Hovy", "Teruko Mitamura"]
year: 2014
venue: "Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14)"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/L14-1725/"
licence: "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/papers/araki-2014-detecting-subevent-structure-event-coreference/"
---
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# Detecting Subevent Structure for Event Coreference Resolution

**Authors:** [Jun Araki](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/jun-araki/), [Zhengzhong Liu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/zhengzhong-liu/), [Eduard Hovy](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/eduard-hovy/), [Teruko Mitamura](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/teruko-mitamura/) · **Year:** 2014 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14) · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/L14-1725/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/L14-1725.pdf) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2250487771)

**Citations:** 37 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14) · [28](#cited-by) in our library, of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
Most work on event coreference only asks whether two event mentions denote the very same event. Araki et al. argue that this misses partial identity, especially subevent relations, where several events (e.g., capturing, killing, destroying) are parts of a larger parent event (an attack). They propose a two-stage method. First, an L2-regularized pairwise logistic regression model sorts each mention pair into one of four classes: full coreference, subevent parent-child (with direction), subevent sister, or no coreference. Second, because sister links proved fairly precise, the sisters are grouped into subevent clusters, and a voting procedure picks the most probable parent for each cluster from mentions outside it. The approach is tested on 65 news articles from the Intelligence Community domain and scored with a four-class extension of BLANC. The summed-probability voting variant raises parent-child BLANC F1 by about 3.2 points over the first-stage model. This matters because identifying subevent links can remove misleading candidates from full coreference chains, and it is presented as the first systematic treatment of this problem.

## Key points
- **Corpus:** 65 IC-domain newspaper articles (49 train+dev, 16 test) with 35,908 mention-pair relations: 1,253 FC, 1,198 SP, 538 SS and 32,919 NC. Fleiss' kappa is 0.620 for FC and 0.467 for SP.
- **SP extension:** SP links were also derived transitively. When A is part of B and B corefers with C, A is likewise treated as a subevent of C.
- **First-stage model:** pairwise multiclass logistic regression with 135 features, MetaCost to handle class imbalance, and 5-fold cross-validation.
- **First-stage scores (BLANC F1):** FC 70.01, SP 56.19, SS 61.49 and NC 64.02. SS had a positive-link precision of 66.67, which motivated the second stage.
- **Second-stage parent voting:**
  - Option 1 uses the single highest pairwise SP probability and reached 58.74 F1 (+2.5).
  - Option 2 sums each candidate parent's probabilities over all sisters and reached 59.45 F1 (+3.2).
  - The authors attribute remaining errors largely to abstract or rare parent expressions.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/shelves/linguistics/)

Topics: [Coreference resolution](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/topics/coreference-resolution/)

## Cited by

Cited by

28 papers of our library cite it (of the 140673 whose bibliographies we read); 9 of them have a page here, 19 not yet.

- [Detecting Subevents using Discourse and Narrative Features](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/aldawsari-2019-detecting-subevents-discourse-narrative-features/)
- [Chinese Event Coreference Resolution: An Unsupervised Probabilistic Model Rivaling Supervised Resolvers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/chen-2015-chinese-event-coreference-resolution-unsupervised/)
- [Improving Event Coreference Resolution by Modeling Correlations between Event Coreference Chains and Document Topic Structures](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/choubey-2018-improving-event-coreference-resolution-modeling/)
- [WEC: Deriving a Large-scale Cross-document Event Coreference dataset from Wikipedia](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/eirew-2021-wec-deriving-large-scale-cross/)
- [Joint Inference for Event Coreference Resolution](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/lu-2016-joint-inference-event-coreference-resolution/)
- [Constrained Multi-Task Learning for Event Coreference Resolution](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/lu-2021-constrained-multi-task-learning-event/)
- [Conundrums in Event Coreference Resolution: Making Sense of the State of the Art](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/lu-2021-conundrums-event-coreference-resolution-making/)
- [Cross-Document, Cross-Language Event Coreference Annotation Using Event Hoppers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/song-2018-cross-document-cross-language-event/)
- [Revisiting the Evaluation for Cross Document Event Coreference](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/upadhyay-2016-revisiting-evaluation-cross-document-event/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{araki2014detecting,
  title = {{Detecting Subevent Structure for Event Coreference Resolution}},
  author = {Araki, Jun and Liu, Zhengzhong and Hovy, Eduard and Mitamura, Teruko},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14)},
  year = {2014},
  doi = {10.63317/5m7r2rxqgcmk},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.63317/5m7r2rxqgcmk}
}
```

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