---
title: "Exploring Morphosyntactic Annotation over — Ballesteros 2013"
description: "The authors investigate how morphosyntactic information in a treebank affects statistical dependency parsing of Spanish."
authors: ["Miguel Ballesteros", "Simon Mille", "Alicia Burga"]
year: 2013
venue: "Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (DepLing 2013)"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/W13-3703/"
licence: "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/papers/ballesteros-2013-exploring-morphosyntactic-annotation-over-spanish/"
---
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# Exploring Morphosyntactic Annotation over a Spanish Corpus for Dependency Parsing

**Authors:** [Miguel Ballesteros](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/miguel-ballesteros/), [Simon Mille](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/simon-mille/), [Alicia Burga](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/alicia-burga/) · **Year:** 2013 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (DepLing 2013) · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/W13-3703/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/W13-3703.pdf) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2250329285)

**Citations:** 4 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14) · 2 in our library, of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
The authors investigate how morphosyntactic information in a treebank affects statistical dependency parsing of Spanish. They sought answers to three questions: whether all morphological features should be added to the model, which feature combinations work best, and why some features are more useful than others. The data come from AnCora-UPF, a part of the AnCora corpus with detailed language-specific annotation and 41 syntactic relation types. Using different feature sets (number, gender, person, mood, tense, finiteness, part-of-speech tags), the authors created 82 versions of the corpus. For each version, a MaltParser model was tuned automatically with MaltOptimizer and evaluated by LAS, UAS and recall for individual relation types. The best overall set turned out to be [finiteness gender number spos]. Thus, for Spanish a small number of well-chosen features is sufficient, and full annotation is not needed. The work shows that the result is influenced both by a feature's frequency and by how features interact with one another. This is worth taking into account when annotating treebanks for morphologically rich languages.

## Key points
- The training set contains 3263 sentences (93 803 tokens), and the test set 250 sentences (7089 tokens). The average sentence length is about 28 tokens.
- The baseline model had no morphological features and used the parameters from Phase 2 of MaltOptimizer. For each of the 82 corpus versions, Phase 3, which selects features, was run separately.
- The features that occur most frequently in the corpus almost always yield the largest gain in quality. At the same time, the contribution of each feature on its own does not make it possible to predict which combination will be best.
- For specific constructions, the best sets differ from the best overall one. For verbal arguments and the sentence root it is [finiteness number person spos]. For the internal structure of noun phrases it is [gender mood number person spos tense].
- When the more detailed spos tags were placed in the POSTAG column instead of the Tree Tagger tags, LAS increased by about 0.5 points. The authors attribute this primarily to the fact that spos splits the IN tag into preposition and conjunction.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/shelves/linguistics/)

Topics: [Dependency parsing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/topics/dependency-parsing/) · [Treebanks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/topics/treebanks/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{ballesteros2013exploring,
  title = {{Exploring Morphosyntactic Annotation over a Spanish Corpus for Dependency Parsing}},
  author = {Ballesteros, Miguel and Mille, Simon and Burga, Alicia},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (DepLing 2013)},
  year = {2013},
  url = {https://aclanthology.org/W13-3703/}
}
```

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