--- title: "TEI-Lex0 Guidelines for the Encoding of — Bański 2017" description: "The TEI Guidelines for dictionary encoding offer several ways to encode the same thing." authors: ["Piotr Bański", "Jack Bowers", "Tomaž Erjavec"] year: 2017 venue: "eLex 2017 (Leiden), pp. 485–494" source: "https://elex.link/elex2017/proceedings-download/" licence: "CC BY-SA 4.0 (eLex proceedings)" licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License" canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/papers/banski-2017-tei-lex0-forms/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/papers/banski-2017-tei-lex0-forms/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/) / [papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/) / [2017](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/2017/page/3/) / TEI-Lex0 Guidelines for the Encoding of Dictionary Information on Written and Spoken Forms # TEI-Lex0 Guidelines for the Encoding of Dictionary Information on Written and Spoken Forms **Authors:** Piotr Bański, Jack Bowers, [Tomaž Erjavec](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/tomaz-erjavec/) · **Year:** 2017 · **Venue:** eLex 2017 (Leiden), pp. 485–494 · **Licence:** [CC BY-SA 4.0 (eLex proceedings)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) **Links:** [Publisher's page](https://elex.link/elex2017/proceedings-download/) · [PDF](https://elex.link/elex2017/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/paper29.pdf) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2797683957) **Citations:** 13 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14) · 3 in our library, of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read ## Summary The TEI Guidelines for dictionary encoding offer several ways to encode the same thing. As a result, retrodigitized dictionaries marked up in different projects are poorly interoperable. The TEI-Lex0 initiative, jointly led by ENeL, DARIAH and PARTHENOS, simplifies the TEI "Print Dictionaries" chapter into a compact baseline format. It is not meant to cover every possible case, only the most common ones. This paper describes only part of the work: the encoding of the headword form, that is, how to mark up the orthography, pronunciation and grammatical features of the lemma and its inflected forms. The authors propose a restricted set of rules. The recursive element form must always have a @type attribute. Grammatical features are recorded with a generic gram carrying a type rather than with specialized elements. Features are inherited from higher levels of the entry down to lower ones, and a lower level may override them. The paper contains no quantitative results: the rules are explained through XML examples from several languages. TEI-Lex0 is not intended for day-to-day dictionary work. It is an intermediate format for data exchange, federated search and visualization, so explicit markup matters more to it than concision. ## Key points - Values of the @type attribute for form: `lemma` (the headword), `inflected` (individual inflected forms, such as go → went), `paradigm` (a partial or full paradigm, whose kind is specified by @subtype) and `variant` (spelling or pronunciation variants). - Part of speech as a feature of the whole entry is recorded in `entry/gramGrp`. Features of the lemma itself or of individual forms are placed in the corresponding form, and, if the entry is divided by part of speech, in `sense/gramGrp`. - Instead of specialized TEI elements, `gram type="..."` is used. Thus, if TEI later adds new elements, the TEI-Lex0 guidelines will not need to change. - Examples of variation: two American pronunciations of the word *caramel* in IPA; the transliterations Osama/Usama, linked through `seg` with `@corresp`; a regional variant in the Mixtepec-Mixtec language, marked with `usg[@type="geo"]/placeName` and the BCP 47 private-use subtag `mix-x-YCNY`. - An example of a full verbal paradigm is the Spanish *perder*. The authors stress that at the time of publication (eLex 2017), TEI-Lex0 was not yet a finalized specification. *Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.* Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/shelves/linguistics/) ## Cite The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. ```bibtex @inproceedings{banski2017tei, title = {{TEI-Lex0 Guidelines for the Encoding of Dictionary Information on Written and Spoken Forms}}, author = {Bański, Piotr and Bowers, Jack and Erjavec, Tomaž}, booktitle = {eLex 2017 (Leiden), pp. 485–494}, year = {2017}, url = {https://elex.link/elex2017/proceedings-download/} } ``` - [← previous Swedish Prepositions are not Pure Function Words](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/ahrenberg-2017-swedish-prepositions-are-not-pure/) - [next → Temporal@ODIL project: Adapting ISO-TimeML to syntactic treebanks for the temporal annotation of spoken speech](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/antoine-2017-temporal-odil-project-adapting-iso/) - [↑ back to papers of 2017](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/2017/page/3/) ## References 6 references, 0 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet. 1. Erjavec, T., Evans, R., Ide, N., Kilgarriff, A. (2000). The CONCEDE Model for Lexical Databases. Proceedings of the Second Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC), Athens, Greece, pp. 355-62. Available at: [http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2000/html/summary/335.htm](http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2000/html/summary/335.htm) [↗](http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2000/html/summary/335.htm) 2. Ide, N., Kilgarriff, A., Romary, L. (2000). A Formal Model of Dictionary Structure and Content. Proceedings of Euralex 2000, Stuttgart, pp. 113-126. Available at: [https://www.kilgarriff.co.uk/Publications/2000-IdeKilgRomary-Euralex.pdf](https://www.kilgarriff.co.uk/Publications/2000-IdeKilgRomary-Euralex.pdf) [↗](https://www.kilgarriff.co.uk/Publications/2000-IdeKilgRomary-Euralex.pdf) 3. Phillips, A. and M. Davis (eds). 2009. Tags for Identyfying Languages. BCP 47, RFC 5646. IETF. Available at: [https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47](https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47) [↗](https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47) 4. TEI Consortium, eds. (2013). Getting Started with P5 ODDs. Available at [http://www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/Customization/odds.xml](http://www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/Customization/odds.xml) [↗](http://www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/Customization/odds.xml) 5. TEI Consortium, eds. (2016). TEI P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange. [Version 3.1.0]. [Last updated on 15th December 2016]. TEI Consortium. Available at: [http://www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/P5/](http://www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/P5/) ([accessed on 13 th February 2017]). [↗](http://www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/P5/) 6. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International License. [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) [↗](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)