--- title: "Renewing and Revising SemLink — Bonial 2013" description: "SemLink addresses the fact that major English lexical resources were built separately, with different goals and levels of semantic detail, which makes…" authors: ["Claire Bonial", "Kevin Stowe", "Martha Palmer"] year: 2013 venue: "Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Linked Data in Linguistics (LDL-2013): Representing and linking lexicons, terminologies and other language data" source: "https://aclanthology.org/W13-5503/" licence: "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)" licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/" summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License" canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/papers/bonial-2013-renewing-revising-semlink/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/papers/bonial-2013-renewing-revising-semlink/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/) / [papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/) / [2013](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/2013/) / Renewing and Revising SemLink # Renewing and Revising SemLink **Authors:** [Claire Bonial](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/claire-bonial/), [Kevin Stowe](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/kevin-stowe/), [Martha Palmer](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/martha-palmer/) · **Year:** 2013 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Linked Data in Linguistics (LDL-2013): Representing and linking lexicons, terminologies and other language data · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) **Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/W13-5503/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/W13-5503.pdf) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2251161546) **Citations:** 25 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14) · [17](#cited-by) in our library, of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read ## Summary SemLink addresses the fact that major English lexical resources were built separately, with different goals and levels of semantic detail, which makes them hard to use together. The authors present an updated version that connects PropBank (PB), VerbNet (VN), FrameNet (FN) and, newly, the OntoNotes (ON) sense groupings. These are a coarser, more general view of WordNet. SemLink links the resources at two levels: - **Semantic roles:** PB arguments are mapped to VN thematic roles, and VN roles to FN Frame Elements. - **Senses:** PB rolesets are mapped to VN classes, and VN classes to FN frames. It also includes annotated corpus instances that choose the correct mapping when a word has several possible ones. The revision also covers broader PB coverage, including adjective framesets and rolesets linked across parts of speech. In addition, PB numbered arguments now carry function tags, which supply generalizations where no VN mapping exists. Users can therefore pick the level of granularity that fits their task and combine annotations from different resources into larger training data. This also prepares the ground for bringing these lexicons into linked data efforts such as lemonUby. ## Key points - The first PB release annotates about 1M words from the Wall Street Journal section of the Penn Treebank II, using generic labels (Arg0, Arg1, ArgM-LOC, etc.). - Yi, Loper and Palmer (2007) split Arg2 into subgroups based on VN labels for training. This raised Arg2 performance by 6 points on WSJ test data and by 10 points on Brown Corpus test data. - FN contains 1,033 frames with more than 10,000 Frame Elements, graded as core, peripheral or extrathematic. - PB adjective work draws on pilot annotation of roughly 5400 adjective predicates and has 111 framesets so far, with links to FN frames, VN classes and related noun and verb rolesets. This also supports integration with Abstract Meaning Representation. - New function tags (Proto-Agent, Proto-Patient, Verb-Specific, plus the ArgM labels) were assigned to numbered arguments. Most were added automatically from VN mappings, and the cases without a VN mapping were tagged manually. *Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.* Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/shelves/linguistics/) · [AI & machine learning](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/shelves/ai/) Topics: [Semantic role labeling](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/topics/semantic-role-labeling/) ## Cited by Cited by 17 papers of our library cite it (of the 140673 whose bibliographies we read); 4 of them have a page here, 13 not yet. - [VerbAtlas: a Novel Large-Scale Verbal Semantic Resource and Its Application to Semantic Role Labeling](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/fabio-2019-verbatlas-novel-large-scale-verbal/) - [Frame-Semantic Role Labeling with Heterogeneous Annotations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/kshirsagar-2015-frame-semantic-role-labeling-heterogeneous/) - [SemLink+: FrameNet, VerbNet and Event Ontologies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/palmer-2014-semlink-framenet-verbnet-event-ontologies/) - [SemLink 2.0: Chasing Lexical Resources](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/stowe-2021-semlink-2-0-chasing-lexical/) ## Cite The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. ```bibtex @inproceedings{bonial2013renewing, title = {{Renewing and Revising SemLink}}, author = {Bonial, Claire and Stowe, Kevin and Palmer, Martha}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Linked Data in Linguistics (LDL-2013): Representing and linking lexicons, terminologies and other language data}, year = {2013}, url = {https://aclanthology.org/W13-5503/} } ``` - [← previous Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networks for Discourse Compositionality](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/kalchbrenner-2013-recurrent-convolutional-neural-networks-discourse/) - [next → Reversing Morphological Tokenization in English-to-Arabic SMT](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/salameh-2013-reversing-morphological-tokenization-english-arabic/) - [↑ back to papers of 2013](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/2013/) ## References 20 references, 4 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet. 1. L. Banarescu, C. Bonial, S. Cai, M. Georgescu, K. Griffitt, U. Hermjakob, K. Knight, P. Koehn, M. Palmer, and N. Schneider 2013. Abstract Meaning Representation for Sembanking. Proceedings of the Linguistic Annotation Workshop. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=L%2E+Banarescu%2C+C%2E+Bonial%2C+S%2E+Cai%2C+M%2E+Georgescu%2C+K%2E+Griffitt%2C+U%2E+Hermjakob%2C+K%2E+Knight%2C+P%2E+Koehn%2C+M%2E+Palmer%2C+and+N%2E+Schneider+2013%2E+Abstract+Meaning+Representation+for+Sembanking%2E+Proceedings+of+the+Ling) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/banarescu-2013-abstract-meaning-representation-sembanking/) 2. Dmitriy Dligach and Martha Palmer. 2011. Good Seed Makes a Good Crop: Accelerating Active Learning Using Language Modeling. Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. Portland, OR. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Dmitriy+Dligach+and+Martha+Palmer%2E+2011%2E+Good+Seed+Makes+a+Good+Crop%3A+Accelerating+Active+Learning+Using+Language+Modeling%2E+Proceedings+of+the+46th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Association+for+Computational+) 3. David Dowty. 1991. Thematic Proto-roles and Argument Selection. Language, 67:547–619. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.1991.0021) 4. C.J. Duffield, J.D. Hwang, S.W. Brown, S.E. Viewig, J. Davis and M. Palmer. 2007. Criteria for the manual grouping of verb senses. Proceedings of the Linguistic Annotation Workshop Prague. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=C%2EJ%2E+Duffield%2C+J%2ED%2E+Hwang%2C+S%2EW%2E+Brown%2C+S%2EE%2E+Viewig%2C+J%2E+Davis+and+M%2E+Palmer%2E+2007%2E+Criteria+for+the+manual+grouping+of+verb+senses%2E+Proceedings+of+the+Linguistic+Annotation+Workshop+Prague%2E) 5. Judith Eckle-Kohler, Iryna Gurevychy, Silvana Hartmann, Michael Matuschek and Christian M. Meyer 2012. UBY-LMF A Uniform Model for Standardizing Heterogeneous Lexical-Semantic Resources in ISO-LMF. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC) Istanbul, Turkey. Judith Eckle-Kohler, John Philip McCrae and Chrstian Chiarcos. submitted. lemonUby - a large, interlinked, syntactically-rich lexical resource for ontologies. submitted to Semantic Web Journal Christiane Fellbaum (Ed.) 1998. Wordnet: An Electronic Lexical Database. MIT press, Cambridge. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Judith+Eckle%2DKohler%2C+Iryna+Gurevychy%2C+Silvana+Hartmann%2C+Michael+Matuschek+and+Christian+M%2E+Meyer+2012%2E+UBY%2DLMF+A+Uniform+Model+for+Standardizing+Heterogeneous+Lexical%2DSemantic+Resources+in+ISO%2DLMF%2E+Pr) 6. Charles J Fillmore, Christoper R Johnson, and Miriam R L Petruck. 2002. Background to FrameNet. International Journal of Lexicography, 16(3):235– 250. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/16.3.235) 7. Iryna Gurevychy, Judith Eckle-Kohler, Silvana Hartmann, Michael Matuschek, Christian M. Meyer, and Christian Wirth. 2012. UBY A Large-Scale Unified Lexical-Semantic Resource Based on LMF. Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL) Avignon, France t. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Iryna+Gurevychy%2C+Judith+Eckle%2DKohler%2C+Silvana+Hartmann%2C+Michael+Matuschek%2C+Christian+M%2E+Meyer%2C+and+Christian+Wirth%2E+2012%2E+UBY+A+Large%2DScale+Unified+Lexical%2DSemantic+Resource+Based+on+LMF%2E+Proceedings+) 8. E. Joanis, Suzanne Stevenson, and D. James. 2008. A general feature space for automatic verb classification. Natural Language Engineering. 14(3):337-367. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=E%2E+Joanis%2C+Suzanne+Stevenson%2C+and+D%2E+James%2E+2008%2E+A+general+feature+space+for+automatic+verb+classification%2E+Natural+Language+Engineering%2E+14%283%29%3A337%2D367%2E) 9. Karin Kipper, Anna Korhonen, Neville Ryant and Martha Palmer. 2008. A large-scale classification of English verbs. Language Resources and Evaluation Journal, 42:21–40. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-007-9048-2) 10. Anna Korhonen and T. Briscoe. 2004. Extended lexical-semantic classification of english verbs. Proceedings of HLT/NAACL Workshop on Computational Lexical Semanticsl Boston, Massachusetts. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Anna+Korhonen+and+T%2E+Briscoe%2E+2004%2E+Extended+lexical%2Dsemantic+classification+of+english+verbs%2E+Proceedings+of+HLT%2FNAACL+Workshop+on+Computational+Lexical+Semanticsl+Boston%2C+Massachusetts%2E) 11. Beth Levin. 1983. English Verb Classes and Alternations: A Preliminary Investigation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Beth+Levin%2E+1983%2E+English+Verb+Classes+and+Alternations%3A+A+Preliminary+Investigation%2E+University+of+Chicago+Press%2C+Chicago%2E) 12. Edward Loper, S. Yi, and Martha Palmer. 2007. Combining lexical resources: Mapping between Prop-Bank and VerbNet. Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Computational Semantics (IWCS-7) Tilburg. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Edward+Loper%2C+S%2E+Yi%2C+and+Martha+Palmer%2E+2007%2E+Combining+lexical+resources%3A+Mapping+between+Prop%2DBank+and+VerbNet%2E+Proceedings+of+the+Seventh+International+Workshop+on+Computational+Semantics+%28IWCS%2D7%29+) 13. Marcus M. Santorini and M.A. Marcinkiewicz. 1993. Building a Large Annotated Corpus of English: The Penn Treebank Computational Linguistics, 19(2):257–285. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Marcus+M%2E+Santorini+and+M%2EA%2E+Marcinkiewicz%2E+1993%2E+Building+a+Large+Annotated+Corpus+of+English%3A+The+Penn+Treebank+Computational+Linguistics%2C+19%282%29%3A257%E2%80%93285%2E) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/bank-1993-marcus-building-large-annotated-corpus-english/) 14. John Philip McCrae, G. Aguado-de Cea, P. Buitelaar, P. Cimiano, T. Declerck, A. Gomez-Perez, J. Gracia, L. Hollink, E. Montiel-Ponsoda, D. Spohr, T. Wunner. 2012. Interchanging lexical resources on the Semantic Web. Language Resources and Evaluation, 46:701–719. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-012-9182-3) 15. Merlo, P., and Van Der Plas, L. 2009. Abstraction and Generalization in Semantic Role Labels: Prop-Bank, VerbNet or both? Proceedings of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and 4th IJCNLP of the AFrameNetLP, Suntec, pp. 288-296. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Merlo%2C+P%2E%2C+and+Van+Der+Plas%2C+L%2E+2009%2E+Abstraction+and+Generalization+in+Semantic+Role+Labels%3A+Prop%2DBank%2C+VerbNet+or+both%3F+Proceedings+of+the+47th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+ACL+and+4th+IJCNLP+of+the+AFrame) 16. Adam Meyers, R. Reeves, C. Macleod, R. Szekeley, V. Zielinska, B. Young and R. Grisham. 2004. The NomBank Project: An Interim Report Proceedings of the Frontiers in Annotation Workshop, held in conjunction with HLT/NAACL 2004 Boston, Mass. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Adam+Meyers%2C+R%2E+Reeves%2C+C%2E+Macleod%2C+R%2E+Szekeley%2C+V%2E+Zielinska%2C+B%2E+Young+and+R%2E+Grisham%2E+2004%2E+The+NomBank+Project%3A+An+Interim+Report+Proceedings+of+the+Frontiers+in+Annotation+Workshop%2C+held+in+conjun) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/meyers-2004-nombank-project-interim-report/) 17. Martha Palmer, Daniel Gildea, and Paul Kingsbury. 2005. The Proposition Bank: An annotated corpus of semantic roles. Computational Linguistics 31(1):71–106. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1162/0891201053630264) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/palmer-2005-proposition-bank-annotated-corpus-semantic/) 18. Martha Palmer. 2009. Semlink: Linking PropBank, VerbNet and FrameNet. Proceedings of the Generative Lexicon Conference Pisa, Italy. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Martha+Palmer%2E+2009%2E+Semlink%3A+Linking+PropBank%2C+VerbNet+and+FrameNet%2E+Proceedings+of+the+Generative+Lexicon+Conference+Pisa%2C+Italy%2E) 19. S. Pradhan, E.H. Hovy, M. Marcus, M. Palmer, L. Ramshaw and R. Weischedel. 2007. OntoNotes: A unified relational semantic representation. Proceedings of the First IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing(ICSC-07) Irvine, CA. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x07000251) 20. Yi, S., Loper, E., and Palmer, M. 2007. Can semantic roles generalize across genres? Proceedings of the HLT/NAACL-2007, Rochester, pp. 548-555. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Yi%2C+S%2E%2C+Loper%2C+E%2E%2C+and+Palmer%2C+M%2E+2007%2E+Can+semantic+roles+generalize+across+genres%3F+Proceedings+of+the+HLT%2FNAACL%2D2007%2C+Rochester%2C+pp%2E+548%2D555%2E)