--- title: "FDTB1, première étape du projet « French — Danlos 2015" description: "The paper presents FDTB1, the first stage of the French Discourse Treebank project." authors: ["Laurence Danlos", "Margot Colinet", "Jacques Steinlin"] year: 2015 venue: "Discours 17" source: "https://doi.org/10.4000/discours.9065" doi: "10.4000/discours.9065" licence: "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0" licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License" canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/papers/danlos-2015-fdtb1-premiere-etape-projet-french/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/papers/danlos-2015-fdtb1-premiere-etape-projet-french/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/) / [papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/) / [2015](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/2015/) / FDTB1, première étape du projet « French Discourse Treebank » : repérage des connecteurs de discours en corpus # FDTB1, première étape du projet « French Discourse Treebank » : repérage des connecteurs de discours en corpus **Authors:** [Laurence Danlos](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/laurence-danlos/), Margot Colinet, Jacques Steinlin · **Year:** 2015 · **Venue:** Discours 17 · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) **Links:** [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.4000/discours.9065) · [PDF](https://journals.openedition.org/discours/pdf/9065) · [DOI 10.4000/discours.9065](https://doi.org/10.4000/discours.9065) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2269607221) **Citations:** 31 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14) · [3](#cited-by) in our library, of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read ## Summary The paper presents FDTB1, the first stage of the French Discourse Treebank project. The project is modelled on the Penn Discourse Treebank (PDTB) and adds a discourse layer to the French Treebank (FTB), a corpus of *Le Monde* articles that already carries morpho-syntactic annotation. Early trials showed that annotating connectives, their senses and their arguments in one pass was too hard, mainly because many French words (*et*, *ainsi*, *alors*, *en gros*) can work either as discourse connectives or as ordinary sentence-internal elements. The authors therefore isolate connective identification as its own step. All entries of the LexConn lexicon are projected onto the FTB. Occurrences that do not govern a verb phrase are removed automatically. The remaining candidates are then disambiguated manually in three ways: - separating homonyms by part of speech; - separating discourse uses of adverbials from adjunct uses, using tests such as clefting, substitutability, fixedness and coherence; - separating discourse uses of prepositions and subordinating conjunctions from uses that introduce subcategorized complements. The result is a freely available corpus with over 10,000 identified connectives. It also provides the first reliable frequency ranking of French connectives in journalistic text. ## Key points - LexConn (2012 version) lists 325 French connectives, including 65 prepositions, in four categories: coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, prepositions and adverbials. - Non-VP occurrences, such as *pour* followed by a noun phrase, were filtered automatically with Tregex using the FTB syntax. - Unlike PDTB, which covered only about 100 frequent English connectives, FDTB1 targets every connective in the corpus. It also counts gerunds (*en … -ant*) and includes connective modifiers in the annotated span. - An appendix ranks the 100 most frequent connectives in the FTB. The top entry is *et* with 2,194 occurrences, followed by *mais*, *pour*, *en* and *si*. About fifty LexConn adverbials always had a connective reading in this corpus. - The FDTB1 corpus is distributed openly via INRIA's gforge. *Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.* Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/shelves/linguistics/) Topics: [Discourse analysis](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/topics/discourse-analysis/) · [Treebanks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/topics/treebanks/) ## Cited by Cited by 3 papers of our library cite it (of the 140673 whose bibliographies we read); 1 of them have a page here, 2 not yet. - [Comparing PTB and UD information for PDTB discourse connective identification](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/han-2020-comparing-ptb-ud-information-pdtb/) ## Cite The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. ```bibtex @inproceedings{danlos2015fdtb1, title = {{FDTB1, première étape du projet « French Discourse Treebank » : repérage des connecteurs de discours en corpus}}, author = {Danlos, Laurence and Colinet, Margot and Steinlin, Jacques}, booktitle = {Discours 17}, year = {2015}, doi = {10.4000/discours.9065}, url = {https://doi.org/10.4000/discours.9065} } ``` - [← previous Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/ren-2015-faster-r-cnn-towards-real/) - [next → Finding Function in Form: Compositional Character Models for Open Vocabulary Word Representation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/ling-2015-finding-function-form-compositional-character/) - [↑ back to papers of 2015](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/2015/) ## References 19 references, 4 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet. 1. 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