---
title: "Projection-based Coreference Resolution Using — Novák 2017"
description: "The paper addresses coreference resolution for German and Russian when no coreference-annotated data exist in those languages."
authors: ["Michal Novák", "Anna Nedoluzhko", "Zdeněk Žabokrtský"]
year: 2017
venue: "Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Coreference Resolution Beyond OntoNotes (CORBON 2017)"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/W17-1508/"
doi: "10.18653/v1/w17-1508"
licence: "CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/papers/novak-2017-projection-based-coreference-resolution-deep/"
---
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# Projection-based Coreference Resolution Using Deep Syntax

**Authors:** [Michal Novák](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/michal-novak/), [Anna Nedoluzhko](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/anna-nedoluzhko/), [Zdeněk Žabokrtský](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/zdenek-zabokrtsku/) · **Year:** 2017 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Coreference Resolution Beyond OntoNotes (CORBON 2017) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/W17-1508/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/W17-1508.pdf) · [DOI 10.18653/v1/w17-1508](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-1508) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2740424140)

**Citations:** 10 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14) · [4](#cited-by) in our library, of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
The paper addresses coreference resolution for German and Russian when no coreference-annotated data exist in those languages. The system was created as a submission to the CORBON 2017 Shared task, competing in its closed-track setting. Their approach uses English-German and English-Russian parallel corpora in three stages. First, the English side is annotated automatically by the Berkeley Entity Resolution system, plus a Treex heuristic for relative pronouns. Next, mentions and their entity IDs are carried over to the target side using GIZA++ word alignment computed on lemmatized text. Finally, these projected links serve as training data for a target-language resolver. Unlike earlier projection work, the resolver runs on the tectogrammatical (deep-syntax) layer of the Treex framework. It uses separate models for each mention type, which requires converting mentions from surface spans to tree nodes and back again. The team was the only participant. They scored 29.40 (German) and 30.94 (Russian) CoNLL points on the official test set. A stage-by-stage analysis found that projection is the main source of quality loss. The work shows how far annotation transfer can go for languages that lack coreference resources.

## Key points
- **Official results:** CoNLL score of 29.40 for German and 30.94 for Russian on the official evaluation set. On the additional dev set (DevAdd), the scores were 22.4 and 31.8.
- **Projection coverage:** About 90% of English mentions are projected. A mention is transferred only if its aligned target tokens form a contiguous span.
- **German preprocessing:** MATE tools handle lemmatization, tagging and parsing. HamleDT converts the output to Prague style. NameTag, trained on NoSta-D, provides named entities.
- **Russian preprocessing:** UDPipe, trained on SynTagRus in Prague style, does the parsing, with lemmas from TreeTagger. NameTag, trained on an extended Persons-1000, provides named entities.
- **Quality relative to English:** The Russian resolver keeps 66% of the English resolver's CoNLL quality (48.1 points), while the German one keeps only 46%. Ablation experiments show that the models for PP3 pronouns and NPs contribute the most.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/shelves/linguistics/)

Topics: [Coreference resolution](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/topics/coreference-resolution/)

## Cited by

Cited by

4 papers of our library cite it (of the 140673 whose bibliographies we read); 1 of them have a page here, 3 not yet.

- [Investigating Multilingual Coreference Resolution by Universal Annotations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/chai-2023-investigating-multilingual-coreference-resolution-universal/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{novak2017projection,
  title = {{Projection-based Coreference Resolution Using Deep Syntax}},
  author = {Novák, Michal and Nedoluzhko, Anna and Žabokrtský, Zdeněk},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Coreference Resolution Beyond OntoNotes (CORBON 2017)},
  year = {2017},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/w17-1508},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-1508}
}
```

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