---
title: "Extending ASR Evaluation Resources for — Tsoukala 2026"
description: "Large pretrained speech recognition systems work well for standard languages but perform poorly on regional varieties, and Modern Greek dialects have had…"
authors: ["Chara Tsoukala", "Stavros Bompolas", "Antigoni Margariti", "Konstantina Panagiotou", "Maria Elisavet Plaiti", "Nefeli Tzanakaki", "Petros Karatsareas", "Angela Ralli", "Antonios Anastasopoulos", "Stella Markantonatou"]
year: 2026
venue: "Proceedings of the 13th Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/2026.vardial-1.17/"
doi: "10.18653/v1/2026.vardial-1.17"
licence: "CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/papers/tsoukala-2026-extending-asr-evaluation-resources-modern/"
---
[Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/papers/tsoukala-2026-extending-asr-evaluation-resources-modern/)

[home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/) / [papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/) / [2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/2026/page/2/) / Extending ASR Evaluation Resources for Modern Greek Dialects

# Extending ASR Evaluation Resources for Modern Greek Dialects

**Authors:** Chara Tsoukala, Stavros Bompolas, Antigoni Margariti, Konstantina Panagiotou, Maria Elisavet Plaiti, Nefeli Tzanakaki, Petros Karatsareas, Angela Ralli, [Antonios Anastasopoulos](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/antonios-anastasopoulos/), [Stella Markantonatou](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/authors/stella-markantonatou/) · **Year:** 2026 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the 13th Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2026.vardial-1.17/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2026.vardial-1.17.pdf) · [DOI 10.18653/v1/2026.vardial-1.17](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.vardial-1.17) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W7140120425)

**Citations:** 0 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14) · 4 in our library, of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
Large pretrained speech recognition systems work well for standard languages but perform poorly on regional varieties, and Modern Greek dialects have had very few evaluation resources. The authors extend an earlier Greek dialect benchmark (Vakirtzian et al., 2024) with four more varieties: Aperathiot from Naxos, Cretan (both Eastern and Western), Lesbian, and Cappadocian, which is critically endangered and heavily shaped by Turkish. The speech was transcribed in Greek script using SMG spelling conventions, while dialect-specific vocabulary and word forms were kept intact. The team tested Whisper and XLS-R models without adaptation and after fine-tuning on each dialect. They also ran Omnilingual ASR, but only in zero-shot mode. Error rates rise the further a variety is from Standard Modern Greek. Southern dialects do best, Lesbian does worse, and Cappadocian is almost unrecognized without adaptation. Fine-tuning helps substantially but still leaves Cappadocian far behind. The resource shows that current pretrained ASR handles dialectal variation poorly. It also shows that strongly divergent, contact-influenced varieties need dedicated data and adaptation strategies.

## Key points
- **Corpus size:** about 12h23m of original audio and 7h23m38s after processing, with 12,346 utterances and 68,791 tokens. After processing, Aperathiot and Lesbian each contribute only around an hour of data, and Cappadocian roughly 1h17m.
- **Zero-shot results:** the best WER is roughly 60–70% for southern dialects, above 80% for Lesbian, and close to 97% for Cappadocian.
- **Fine-tuning results:** fine-tuning cuts WER by up to 47% relative. Fine-tuned southern dialects reach around 37% WER, while Cappadocian's best WER is 68.17%.
- **Limitations noted by the authors:**
  - Splits are made at the utterance level, so the same speakers appear in training and test data, which may inflate scores.
  - Inter-annotator agreement was not measured.
  - Different subsets were produced with different transcription workflows.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/shelves/linguistics/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{tsoukala2026extending,
  title = {{Extending ASR Evaluation Resources for Modern Greek Dialects}},
  author = {Tsoukala, Chara and Bompolas, Stavros and Margariti, Antigoni and Panagiotou, Konstantina and Plaiti, Maria Elisavet and Tzanakaki, Nefeli and Karatsareas, Petros and Ralli, Angela and Anastasopoulos, Antonios and Markantonatou, Stella},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/2026.vardial-1.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.vardial-1.17}
}
```

- [← previous Exploring Cognitively Informed Sentence Simplification with Gaze-Guided Text Generation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/sauberli-2026-exploring-cognitively-informed-sentence-simplification/)
- [next → FalAR: A Large-scale Speaker-Annotated European Portuguese Speech Corpus of Parliamentary Sessions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/teixeira-2026-falar-large-scale-speaker-annotated/)
- [↑ back to papers of 2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/2026/page/2/)

## References

48 references, 2 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

1. Computational constraints. Computational re- Aditya Yadavalli and Ganesh Mirishkar and Anil Ku-sources limited the range of adaptation strate-mar Vuppala. 2022. Multi-Task End-to-End Model gies explored. In particular, large models such for Telugu Dialect and Speech Recognition. In Interspeech 2022,… — [arXiv:2508.09957](https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09957) [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Computational+constraints%2E+Computational+re%2D+Aditya+Yadavalli+and+Ganesh+Mirishkar+and+Anil+Ku%2Dsources+limited+the+range+of+adaptation+strate%2Dmar+Vuppala%2E+2022%2E+Multi%2DTask+End%2Dto%2DEnd+Model+gies+explor)
2. Vasileia Alexelli. 2021. Chartografisi tis glossikis poikilias tis Lesvou [Mapping the linguistic variety of Lesbos]. Ph.D. thesis, University of Patras, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Philology, Linguistics Section. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Vasileia+Alexelli%2E+2021%2E+Chartografisi+tis+glossikis+poikilias+tis+Lesvou+%5BMapping+the+linguistic+variety+of+Lesbos%5D%2E+Ph%2ED%2E+thesis%2C+University+of+Patras%2C+School+of+Humanities+and+Social+Sciences%2C+Depa)
3. Tanel Alumäe, Jiaming Kong, and Daniil Robnikov. Dialect Adaptation and Data Augmen-2023. tation for Low-Resource ASR: TalTech Systems Preprint, for the MADASR 2023 Challenge. arXiv:2310.17448. — [arXiv:2310.17448](https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.17448) [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Tanel+Alum%C3%A4e%2C+Jiaming+Kong%2C+and+Daniil+Robnikov%2E+Dialect+Adaptation+and+Data+Augmen%2D2023%2E+tation+for+Low%2DResource+ASR%3A+TalTech+Systems+Preprint%2C+for+the+MADASR+2023+Challenge%2E+arXiv%3A2310%2E17448%2E+%E2%80%94+%5BarX)
4. Arun Babu, Changhan Wang, Andros Tjandra, Kushal Lakhotia, Qiantong Xu, Naman Goyal, Kritika Singh, Patrick von Platen, Yatharth Saraf, Juan Pino, Alexei Baevski, Alexis Conneau, and Michael Auli. 2021. XLS-R: Self-supervised Cross-lingual Speech Representation Learning at Scale. Preprint, arXiv:211… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Arun+Babu%2C+Changhan+Wang%2C+Andros+Tjandra%2C+Kushal+Lakhotia%2C+Qiantong+Xu%2C+Naman+Goyal%2C+Kritika+Singh%2C+Patrick+von+Platen%2C+Yatharth+Saraf%2C+Juan+Pino%2C+Alexei+Baevski%2C+Alexis+Conneau%2C+and+Michael+Auli%2E+202) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/babu-2021-xls-r-self-supervised-cross/)
5. Andrei Barcovschi, Rishabh Jain, and Peter Corcoran. 2023. A comparative analysis between Conformer-Transducer, Whisper, and wav2vec2 for improving the child speech recognition. Preprint, arXiv:2311.04936. and Shinji Watanabe. 2025. The ML-SUPERB 2.0 Challenge: Towards Inclusive ASR Benchmarking for… — [arXiv:2311.04936](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.04936) [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Andrei+Barcovschi%2C+Rishabh+Jain%2C+and+Peter+Corcoran%2E+2023%2E+A+comparative+analysis+between+Conformer%2DTransducer%2C+Whisper%2C+and+wav2vec2+for+improving+the+child+speech+recognition%2E+Preprint%2C+arXiv%3A2311%2E0)
6. Richard MacGillivray Dawkins. 1916. Modern Greek in Asia Minor: a study of the dialects of Sílli, Cappadocia and Phárasa with grammar, texts, translations and glossary. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Richard+MacGillivray+Dawkins%2E+1916%2E+Modern+Greek+in+Asia+Minor%3A+a+study+of+the+dialects+of+S%C3%ADlli%2C+Cappadocia+and+Ph%C3%A1rasa+with+grammar%2C+texts%2C+translations+and+glossary%2E+Cambridge+University+Press%2C+Cam)
7. Antonios Dimakis, John Pavlopoulos, and Antonios Anastasopoulos. 2025. Dialect Normalization using Large Language Models and Morphological Rules. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025, pages 23696–23714, Vienna, Austria. Association for Computational Linguistics. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Antonios+Dimakis%2C+John+Pavlopoulos%2C+and+Antonios+Anastasopoulos%2E+2025%2E+Dialect+Normalization+using+Large+Language+Models+and+Morphological+Rules%2E+In+Findings+of+the+Association+for+Computational+Lingu)
8. Luca Ducceschi and Greta H. Franzini. 2025. Speech transcription from South Tyrolean Dialect to Standard German with Whisper. In Interspeech 2025, pages 1–5. ISCA. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Luca+Ducceschi+and+Greta+H%2E+Franzini%2E+2025%2E+Speech+transcription+from+South+Tyrolean+Dialect+to+Standard+German+with+Whisper%2E+In+Interspeech+2025%2C+pages+1%E2%80%935%2E+ISCA%2E)
9. Vardis Georgilas and Themos Stafylakis. 2025. Automatic Speech Recognition for Greek medical dictation. Preprint, arXiv:2509.23550. — [arXiv:2509.23550](https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23550) [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Vardis+Georgilas+and+Themos+Stafylakis%2E+2025%2E+Automatic+Speech+Recognition+for+Greek+medical+dictation%2E+Preprint%2C+arXiv%3A2509%2E23550%2E+%E2%80%94+%5BarXiv%3A2509%2E23550%5D%28https%3A%2F%2Farxiv%2Eorg%2Fabs%2F2509%2E23550%29)
10. Vivek Bhardwaj, Vinay Kukreja, Navjeet Kaur, and Nandini Modi. 2021. Building an ASR System for Indian (Punjabi) language and its evaluation for Malwa and Majha dialect: Preliminary Results. In 2021 12th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICC-CNT), pages… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Vivek+Bhardwaj%2C+Vinay+Kukreja%2C+Navjeet+Kaur%2C+and+Nandini+Modi%2E+2021%2E+Building+an+ASR+System+for+Indian+%28Punjabi%29+language+and+its+evaluation+for+Malwa+and+Majha+dialect%3A+Preliminary+Results%2E+In+2021+1)
11. Zachary Hopton and Eleanor Chodroff. 2025. The Impact of Dialect Variation on Robust Automatic Speech Recognition for Catalan. In Proceedings of the 22nd SIGMORPHON workshop on Computational Morphology, Phonology, and Phonetics, pages 23–33, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. Association for Computationa… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Zachary+Hopton+and+Eleanor+Chodroff%2E+2025%2E+The+Impact+of+Dialect+Variation+on+Robust+Automatic+Speech+Recognition+for+Catalan%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+22nd+SIGMORPHON+workshop+on+Computational+Morpholog)
12. Verena Blaschke, Miriam Winkler, Constantin Förster, Gabriele Wenger-Glemser, and Barbara Plank. 2025. A Multi-Dialectal Dataset for German Dialect ASR and Dialect-to-Standard Speech Translation. In Interspeech 2025, pages 913–917. ISCA. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Verena+Blaschke%2C+Miriam+Winkler%2C+Constantin+F%C3%B6rster%2C+Gabriele+Wenger%2DGlemser%2C+and+Barbara+Plank%2E+2025%2E+A+Multi%2DDialectal+Dataset+for+German+Dialect+ASR+and+Dialect%2Dto%2DStandard+Speech+Translation%2E+In+I)
13. Ryo Imaizumi, Ryo Masumura, Sayaka Shiota, and Hitoshi Kiya. 2020. Dialect-Aware Modeling for End-to-End Japanese Dialect Speech Recognition. In 2020 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (AP-SIPA ASC), pages 297–301. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ryo+Imaizumi%2C+Ryo+Masumura%2C+Sayaka+Shiota%2C+and+Hitoshi+Kiya%2E+2020%2E+Dialect%2DAware+Modeling+for+End%2Dto%2DEnd+Japanese+Dialect+Speech+Recognition%2E+In+2020+Asia%2DPacific+Signal+and+Information+Processing+Ass)
14. Paul Boersma and David Weenink. 2001. Praat: Doing phonetics by computer. Computer program. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Paul+Boersma+and+David+Weenink%2E+2001%2E+Praat%3A+Doing+phonetics+by+computer%2E+Computer+program%2E)
15. Stavros Bompolas. 2023. Computational dialectology in the linguistic varieties of Cappadocian, Pharasiot, and Silliot. Ph.D. thesis, University of Patras, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Philology, Linguistics Section. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Stavros+Bompolas%2E+2023%2E+Computational+dialectology+in+the+linguistic+varieties+of+Cappadocian%2C+Pharasiot%2C+and+Silliot%2E+Ph%2ED%2E+thesis%2C+University+of+Patras%2C+School+of+Humanities+and+Social+Sciences%2C+Dep)
16. Stavros Bompolas, Stella Markantonatou, Angela Ralli, and Antonios Anastasopoulos. 2025. Crossing Dialectal Boundaries: Building a Treebank for the Dialect of Lesbos through Knowledge Transfer from Standard Modern Greek. In Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW, SyntaxFes… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Stavros+Bompolas%2C+Stella+Markantonatou%2C+Angela+Ralli%2C+and+Antonios+Anastasopoulos%2E+2025%2E+Crossing+Dialectal+Boundaries%3A+Building+a+Treebank+for+the+Dialect+of+Lesbos+through+Knowledge+Transfer+from+St)
17. Georgios Chatzidakis. 1905. Mesaionika kai Nea Ellinika [Medieval and Modern Greek], volume 12. Sakellarios, Athens. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Georgios+Chatzidakis%2E+1905%2E+Mesaionika+kai+Nea+Ellinika+%5BMedieval+and+Modern+Greek%5D%2C+volume+12%2E+Sakellarios%2C+Athens%2E)
18. William Chen, Chutong Meng, Jiatong Shi, Martijn Bartelds, Shih-Heng Wang, Hsiu-Hsuan Wang, Rafael Mosquera, Sara Hincapie, Dan Jurafsky, Antonis Anastasopoulos, Hung yi Lee, Karen Livescu, Sukairaj Hafiz Imam, Tadesse Destaw Belay, Kedir Yassin Husse, Ibrahim Said Ahmad, Idris Abdulmumin, Hadiza Al… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=William+Chen%2C+Chutong+Meng%2C+Jiatong+Shi%2C+Martijn+Bartelds%2C+Shih%2DHeng+Wang%2C+Hsiu%2DHsuan+Wang%2C+Rafael+Mosquera%2C+Sara+Hincapie%2C+Dan+Jurafsky%2C+Antonis+Anastasopoulos%2C+Hung+yi+Lee%2C+Karen+Livescu%2C+Sukairaj+H)
19. Petros Karatsareas. 2011. A study of Cappadocian Greek nominal morphology from a diachronic and dialectological perspective. Publisher: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Petros+Karatsareas%2E+2011%2E+A+study+of+Cappadocian+Greek+nominal+morphology+from+a+diachronic+and+dialectological+perspective%2E+Publisher%3A+Apollo+%2D+University+of+Cambridge+Repository%2E)
20. Haneen Bahjat Khalafallah, Mohamed Abdel Fattah, and Ruqayya Abdulrahman. 2024. Speech corpus for Medina dialect. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, 36(2):101864. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Haneen+Bahjat+Khalafallah%2C+Mohamed+Abdel+Fattah%2C+and+Ruqayya+Abdulrahman%2E+2024%2E+Speech+corpus+for+Medina+dialect%2E+Journal+of+King+Saud+University+%2D+Computer+and+Information+Sciences%2C+36%282%29%3A101864%2E)
21. Allison Koenecke, Andrew Nam, Emily Lake, Joe Nudell, Minnie Quartey, Zion Mengesha, Connor Toups, John R. Rickford, Dan Jurafsky, and Sharad Goel. 2020. Racial disparities in automated speech recognition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(14):7684–7689. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Allison+Koenecke%2C+Andrew+Nam%2C+Emily+Lake%2C+Joe+Nudell%2C+Minnie+Quartey%2C+Zion+Mengesha%2C+Connor+Toups%2C+John+R%2E+Rickford%2C+Dan+Jurafsky%2C+and+Sharad+Goel%2E+2020%2E+Racial+disparities+in+automated+speech+recogni)
22. Nikolaos G. Kontosopoulos. 2008. Dialektoi kai idiomata tis Neas Ellinikis [Dialects and Idioms of Modern Greek]. Ekdoseis Grigori, Athens. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Nikolaos+G%2E+Kontosopoulos%2E+2008%2E+Dialektoi+kai+idiomata+tis+Neas+Ellinikis+%5BDialects+and+Idioms+of+Modern+Greek%5D%2E+Ekdoseis+Grigori%2C+Athens%2E)
23. Angela Ralli. 2019b. Greek in Contact with Romance. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford University Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Angela+Ralli%2E+2019b%2E+Greek+in+Contact+with+Romance%2E+In+Oxford+Research+Encyclopedia+of+Linguistics%2E+Oxford+University+Press%2E)
24. Olli Kuparinen. 2025. Automatic Dialectal Transcription: An Evaluation on Finnish and Norwegian. In Interspeech 2025, pages 2390–2394. ISCA. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Olli+Kuparinen%2E+2025%2E+Automatic+Dialectal+Transcription%3A+An+Evaluation+on+Finnish+and+Norwegian%2E+In+Interspeech+2025%2C+pages+2390%E2%80%932394%2E+ISCA%2E)
25. Jiatong Shi, Shih-Heng Wang, William Chen, Martijn Bartelds, Vanya Bannihatti Kumar, Jinchuan Tian, Xuankai Chang, Dan Jurafsky, Karen Livescu, Hung yi Lee, and Shinji Watanabe. 2024. ML-SUPERB 2.0: Benchmarking Multilingual Speech Models Across Modeling Constraints, Languages, and Datasets. Preprin… — [arXiv:2406.08641](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.08641) [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Jiatong+Shi%2C+Shih%2DHeng+Wang%2C+William+Chen%2C+Martijn+Bartelds%2C+Vanya+Bannihatti+Kumar%2C+Jinchuan+Tian%2C+Xuankai+Chang%2C+Dan+Jurafsky%2C+Karen+Livescu%2C+Hung+yi+Lee%2C+and+Shinji+Watanabe%2E+2024%2E+ML%2DSUPERB+2%2E0%3A+B)
26. Seham Nasr, Rehab Duwairi, and Muhannad Quwaider. 2023. End-to-End Speech Recognition For Arabic Dialects. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 48(8):10617–10633. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Seham+Nasr%2C+Rehab+Duwairi%2C+and+Muhannad+Quwaider%2E+2023%2E+End%2Dto%2DEnd+Speech+Recognition+For+Arabic+Dialects%2E+Arabian+Journal+for+Science+and+Engineering%2C+48%288%29%3A10617%E2%80%9310633%2E)
27. Dimitrios V. Oikonomidis. 1952. Peri tou glossikou idiomatos Aperathou–Naksou [On the Linguistic Idiom of Aperathos, Naxos]. Typografeion Myrtidou, Athens. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Dimitrios+V%2E+Oikonomidis%2E+1952%2E+Peri+tou+glossikou+idiomatos+Aperathou%E2%80%93Naksou+%5BOn+the+Linguistic+Idiom+of+Aperathos%2C+Naxos%5D%2E+Typografeion+Myrtidou%2C+Athens%2E)
28. Omnilingual ASR Team, Gil Keren, Artyom Kozhevnikov, Yen Meng, Christophe Ropers, Matthew Setzler, Skyler Wang, Ife Adebara, Michael Auli, Can Balioglu, Kevin Chan, Chierh Cheng, Joe Chuang, Caley Droof, Mark Duppenthaler, Paul-Ambroise Duquenne, Alexander Erben, Cynthia Gao, Gabriel Mejia Gonzalez,… — [arXiv:2511.09690](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09690) [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Omnilingual+ASR+Team%2C+Gil+Keren%2C+Artyom+Kozhevnikov%2C+Yen+Meng%2C+Christophe+Ropers%2C+Matthew+Setzler%2C+Skyler+Wang%2C+Ife+Adebara%2C+Michael+Auli%2C+Can+Balioglu%2C+Kevin+Chan%2C+Chierh+Cheng%2C+Joe+Chuang%2C+Caley+Dro)
29. Georgios Emmanouil Pangalos. 1955. Peri tou glossikou idiomatos tis Kritis, itoi diagramma gram-matikis kai glossarion tou simerinou glossikou idiomatos tis Kritis [On the Linguistic Idiom of Crete: A Grammatical Outline and Glossary of the Contemporary Cretan Dialect]. n.p., Athens. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Georgios+Emmanouil+Pangalos%2E+1955%2E+Peri+tou+glossikou+idiomatos+tis+Kritis%2C+itoi+diagramma+gram%2Dmatikis+kai+glossarion+tou+simerinou+glossikou+idiomatos+tis+Kritis+%5BOn+the+Linguistic+Idiom+of+Crete%3A+A)
30. Phoebe Parsons, Knut Kvale, Torbjørn Svendsen, and Giampiero Salvi. 2023. A character-based analysis of impacts of dialects on end-to-end Norwegian ASR. In Proceedings of the 24th Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics (NoDaLiDa), pages 467–476. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Phoebe+Parsons%2C+Knut+Kvale%2C+Torbj%C3%B8rn+Svendsen%2C+and+Giampiero+Salvi%2E+2023%2E+A+character%2Dbased+analysis+of+impacts+of+dialects+on+end%2Dto%2Dend+Norwegian+ASR%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+24th+Nordic+Conference+on)
31. Siqing Qin, Longbiao Wang, Sheng Li, Jianwu Dang, and Lixin Pan. 2022. Improving low-resource Tibetan end-to-end ASR by multilingual and multi-level unit modeling. EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing, 2022(1):2. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Siqing+Qin%2C+Longbiao+Wang%2C+Sheng+Li%2C+Jianwu+Dang%2C+and+Lixin+Pan%2E+2022%2E+Improving+low%2Dresource+Tibetan+end%2Dto%2Dend+ASR+by+multilingual+and+multi%2Dlevel+unit+modeling%2E+EURASIP+Journal+on+Audio%2C+Speech%2C+an)
32. Alec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Tao Xu, Greg Brockman, Christine McLeavey, and Ilya Sutskever. 2022. Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervision. Preprint, arXiv:2212.04356. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Alec+Radford%2C+Jong+Wook+Kim%2C+Tao+Xu%2C+Greg+Brockman%2C+Christine+McLeavey%2C+and+Ilya+Sutskever%2E+2022%2E+Robust+Speech+Recognition+via+Large%2DScale+Weak+Supervision%2E+Preprint%2C+arXiv%3A2212%2E04356%2E) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/papers/radford-2022-robust-speech-recognition-large-scale/)
33. Angela Ralli. 2015. Strategies and Patterns of Loan Verb Integration in Modern Greek Varieties. In Angela Ralli, editor, Contact Morphology in Modern Greek Dialects, pages 73–88. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Angela+Ralli%2E+2015%2E+Strategies+and+Patterns+of+Loan+Verb+Integration+in+Modern+Greek+Varieties%2E+In+Angela+Ralli%2C+editor%2C+Contact+Morphology+in+Modern+Greek+Dialects%2C+pages+73%E2%80%9388%2E+Cambridge+Scholars+Pu)
34. Angela Ralli. 2019a. Affixoids and Verb Borrowing in Aivaliot Morphology. In Angela Ralli, editor, The Morphology of Asia Minor Greek, pages 221–254. BRILL. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Angela+Ralli%2E+2019a%2E+Affixoids+and+Verb+Borrowing+in+Aivaliot+Morphology%2E+In+Angela+Ralli%2C+editor%2C+The+Morphology+of+Asia+Minor+Greek%2C+pages+221%E2%80%93254%2E+BRILL%2E)
35. Clement Sicard, Kajetan Pyszkowski, and Victor Gillioz. 2023. Spaiche: Extending State-of-the-Art ASR Models to Swiss German Dialects. Preprint, arXiv:2304.11075. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Clement+Sicard%2C+Kajetan+Pyszkowski%2C+and+Victor+Gillioz%2E+2023%2E+Spaiche%3A+Extending+State%2Dof%2Dthe%2DArt+ASR+Models+to+Swiss+German+Dialects%2E+Preprint%2C+arXiv%3A2304%2E11075%2E)
36. Naoki Takahashi, Shogo Miwa, Yuta Kamiya, Takumi Toyama, Raufun Nahar, and Atsuhiko Kai. 2024. Comparison of Large Pre-trained Models and Adaptation Methods for Japanese Dialects ASR. In 2024 IEEE 13th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE), pages 811–814. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Naoki+Takahashi%2C+Shogo+Miwa%2C+Yuta+Kamiya%2C+Takumi+Toyama%2C+Raufun+Nahar%2C+and+Atsuhiko+Kai%2E+2024%2E+Comparison+of+Large+Pre%2Dtrained+Models+and+Adaptation+Methods+for+Japanese+Dialects+ASR%2E+In+2024+IEEE+13t)
37. Sarah Grey Thomason and Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Language contact, creolization, and genetic linguistics, 1. paperback print edition. Univ. of California Press, Berkeley. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Sarah+Grey+Thomason+and+Terrence+Kaufman%2E+1988%2E+Language+contact%2C+creolization%2C+and+genetic+linguistics%2C+1%2E+paperback+print+edition%2E+Univ%2E+of+California+Press%2C+Berkeley%2E)
38. Melissa Torgbi, Andrew Clayman, Jordan J. Speight, and Harish Tayyar Madabushi. 2025. Adapting Whisper for Regional Dialects: Enhancing Public Services for Vulnerable Populations in the United Kingdom. Preprint, arXiv:2501.08502. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Melissa+Torgbi%2C+Andrew+Clayman%2C+Jordan+J%2E+Speight%2C+and+Harish+Tayyar+Madabushi%2E+2025%2E+Adapting+Whisper+for+Regional+Dialects%3A+Enhancing+Public+Services+for+Vulnerable+Populations+in+the+United+Kingdom)
39. T. Toyama, A. Kai, Y. Kamiya, and N. Takahashi. 2024. Adapting Large-Scale Pre-trained Models for Unified Dialect Speech Recognition Model. Acta Physica Polonica A, 146(4):413–418. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=T%2E+Toyama%2C+A%2E+Kai%2C+Y%2E+Kamiya%2C+and+N%2E+Takahashi%2E+2024%2E+Adapting+Large%2DScale+Pre%2Dtrained+Models+for+Unified+Dialect+Speech+Recognition+Model%2E+Acta+Physica+Polonica+A%2C+146%284%29%3A413%E2%80%93418%2E)
40. Peter Trudgill. 2003. Modern Greek dialects: A preliminary classification. Journal of Greek Linguistics, 4(1):45 – 63. Number: 1 Place: Leiden, The Netherlands Publisher: Brill. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Peter+Trudgill%2E+2003%2E+Modern+Greek+dialects%3A+A+preliminary+classification%2E+Journal+of+Greek+Linguistics%2C+4%281%29%3A45+%E2%80%93+63%2E+Number%3A+1+Place%3A+Leiden%2C+The+Netherlands+Publisher%3A+Brill%2E)
41. Chara Tsoukala, Kosmas Kritsis, Ioannis Douros, Athanasios Katsamanis, Nikolaos Kokkas, Vasileios Arampatzakis, Vasileios Sevetlidis, Stella Markantonatou, and George Pavlidis. 2023. ASR pipeline for low-resourced languages: A case study on pomak. In Proceedings of the Second Workshop on NLP Applica… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Chara+Tsoukala%2C+Kosmas+Kritsis%2C+Ioannis+Douros%2C+Athanasios+Katsamanis%2C+Nikolaos+Kokkas%2C+Vasileios+Arampatzakis%2C+Vasileios+Sevetlidis%2C+Stella+Markantonatou%2C+and+George+Pavlidis%2E+2023%2E+ASR+pipeline+for+)
42. UNESCO, editor. 2010. Atlas of the Worlds Languages in Danger. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=UNESCO%2C+editor%2E+2010%2E+Atlas+of+the+Worlds+Languages+in+Danger%2E+United+Nations+Educational%2C+Scientific+and+Cultural+Organization%2C+Paris%2E)
43. Socrates Vakirtzian, Vivian Stamou, Yannis Kazos, and Stella Markantonatou. 2025. Dialectal treebanks and their relation with the standard variety: The case of East Cretan and Standard Modern Greek. In Proceedings of the Joint 25th Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics and 11th Baltic Confe… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Socrates+Vakirtzian%2C+Vivian+Stamou%2C+Yannis+Kazos%2C+and+Stella+Markantonatou%2E+2025%2E+Dialectal+treebanks+and+their+relation+with+the+standard+variety%3A+The+case+of+East+Cretan+and+Standard+Modern+Greek%2E+I)
44. Socrates Vakirtzian, Chara Tsoukala, Stavros Bompolas, Katerina Mouzou, Vivian Stamou, Georgios Paraskevopoulos, Antonios Dimakis, Stella Markantonatou, Angela Ralli, and Antonios Anastasopoulos. 2024. Speech Recognition for Greek Dialects: A Challenging Benchmark. In Proc. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Socrates+Vakirtzian%2C+Chara+Tsoukala%2C+Stavros+Bompolas%2C+Katerina+Mouzou%2C+Vivian+Stamou%2C+Georgios+Paraskevopoulos%2C+Antonios+Dimakis%2C+Stella+Markantonatou%2C+Angela+Ralli%2C+and+Antonios+Anastasopoulos%2E+2024)
45. Interspeech 2024, pages 3974–3978. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Interspeech+2024%2C+pages+3974%E2%80%933978%2E)
46. Juan Camilo Vásquez-Correa and Aitor Álvarez Muniain. 2023. Novel Speech Recognition Systems Applied to Forensics within Child Exploitation: Wav2vec2.0 vs. Whisper. Sensors, 23(4). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Juan+Camilo+V%C3%A1squez%2DCorrea+and+Aitor+%C3%81lvarez+Muniain%2E+2023%2E+Novel+Speech+Recognition+Systems+Applied+to+Forensics+within+Child+Exploitation%3A+Wav2vec2%2E0+vs%2E+Whisper%2E+Sensors%2C+23%284%29%2E)
47. Aiden Williams, Andrea Demarco, and Claudia Borg. 2023. The Applicability of Wav2Vec2 and Whisper for Low-Resource Maltese ASR. In 2nd Annual Meeting of the ELRA/ISCA SIG on Under-resourced Languages (SIGUL 2023), pages 39–43. ISCA. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Aiden+Williams%2C+Andrea+Demarco%2C+and+Claudia+Borg%2E+2023%2E+The+Applicability+of+Wav2Vec2+and+Whisper+for+Low%2DResource+Maltese+ASR%2E+In+2nd+Annual+Meeting+of+the+ELRA%2FISCA+SIG+on+Under%2Dresourced+Languages+)
48. Maria Xefteri. 2009. Koinonioglossiki proseggisi tou idiomatos t’ Aperathou Naksou (opos diatire-itai stin Athina) [(A Sociolinguistic Approach to the Aperathou Dialect of Naxos as Preserved in Athens)]. In Proceedings of the 4th Graduate Student Meeting of the Department of Philology, University of… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Maria+Xefteri%2E+2009%2E+Koinonioglossiki+proseggisi+tou+idiomatos+t%E2%80%99+Aperathou+Naksou+%28opos+diatire%2Ditai+stin+Athina%29+%5B%28A+Sociolinguistic+Approach+to+the+Aperathou+Dialect+of+Naxos+as+Preserved+in+Athens)